课外练习.docx
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课外练习.docx
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课外练习
练习:
翻译一下古文翻译:
见贤思齐焉,见不贤而内自省也
Onseeingamanofvirtue,trytobecomehisequal;onseeingamanwithoutvirtue,examineyourselfnottohavethesamedefects
江山如此多娇,引无数英雄尽折腰
Thislandsorichinbeautyhasmadecountlessheroesbowinhomage
举头望明月,低头思故乡
Raisingmyhead,Iseethemoonsobright;withdrawingmyeyes,mynostalgiacomesaround
俱往矣,数风流人物,还看今朝
Allarepastandgone;welooktothisagefortrulygreatmen
君子成人之美,不成人之恶
Thegentlemanhelpsotherstoachievetheirmoralperfectionbutnottheirevilconduct
君子独立不惭于影,独寝不愧于魂
Arighteousmanneverfeelsashamedtofacehisshadowwhenstandingaloneandtofacehissoulwhensleepingalone
君子之交淡如水,小人之交甘如醴。
君子淡以亲,小人甘以绝
Thefriendshipbetweenmenofvirtueislightlikewater,yetaffectionate;thefriendshipbetweenmenwithoutvirtueissweetlikewine,yeteasilybroken
老吾老以及人之老,幼吾幼以及人之幼
Expendtherespectoftheagedinone’sfamilytothatofotherfamilies;expendtheloveoftheyoungonesinone’sfamilytothatofotherfamilies
礼尚往来。
往而不来,非礼也;来而不往,亦非礼也
Proprietysuggestsreciprocity.Itisnotproprietynottogiveoutbuttoreceive,orviceversa
大江东去,浪淘尽、千古风流人物
TheGreatRivereastwardflowsWithitswavesaregoneallthoseGallantheroesofbygoneyears.
问:
苏轼的普通话说得怎么样?
宋朝皇帝是中原人,能听懂他说的四川话吗?
Question:
HowwasSuShi’sMandarininyouropinion?
TheemperoroftheSungdynastycamefromChina’scentralplains,couldheunderstandSu’sSichuandialect?
答:
1.问的挺有意思!
如此大师的散文,古文,诗歌能被大家广泛的流传,他的普通话功底应该深厚,当时大家都那么说话而已,能听懂的,但如果纯说方言,那听的费劲了!
Answer:
Thisisaninterestingquestion.Well,judgingbythewidespreadacceptanceandappreciationofSu’sliteraryworks,hemusthavebeenwellversedinMandarinasitwasspokenbytheintellectuals.IfSujustspokealocaldialect,hecouldnothavebeensopopular.
2.另外宋朝的语音还处于中古语音系统,语音非常丰富,光声调就有七个,和今天的客家话是非常接近。
如果当时也有“普通话”,那这种说起来七拐八弯的语言就是他们的普通话吧。
Moreover,theSungDynastystillhadamedievallanguagesystem.Ithasrichsounds,intonationalonehassevenvariations,quitesimilartothemodernHakkadialect.IfthereweretobeapopularlanguageorPutonghuathen,itcouldbeapoorlypronouncedcommonlanguagewithlocalaccents.
3.至于苏轼和皇帝的交流问题,宋朝的皇帝虽然身在开封,但他说的可不是今天的河南话,而是他们的“普通话”——即接近现在客家话的语言。
而现在的四川话里尚有客家话的痕迹,好几百万人都还能说得很流畅,难道苏轼当时不能和皇帝交流吗?
AsfortheissueofcommunicationbetweenSuandtheemperor,althoughthelatterlivedinKaifeng,hedidnotspeaktheHenandialectoftodaybutthethenprevailingpopularlanguage,equivalenttothemodernHakkadialect.ThemodernSichuandialectstillhastracesofHakkainfluenceandmillionscanspeakitverywell.Basedonthis,itiscertainlyreasonabletoconcludethatSucouldexchangeideaseasilywiththeemperor.
4.还有玩笑一说,那么大的官员即使普通话不好,肯定有翻译,应该交流不成问题的。
所以不存在问题中的顾虑了。
Ifsuchaseniorgovernmentofficialcouldnotspeakthepopularlanguagewell,aninterpreterwouldcertainlybeassignedtohelphim.Thismaybeconsideredajoke,butcertainlytheworryaboutSu’scommunicationproblemsisunwarranted.
李白为什么没有成为唐宋八大家呢?
Whydidn'tLiPobecomeoneoftheEightAncientChineseProseMastersinTangandSongDynasties
历史上所说的唐宋八大家,是唐宋时期八大散文代表作家的合称,即唐代的韩愈、柳宗元和宋代的欧阳修、三苏、王安石、曾巩。
TheEightClassicalChineseProseMastersinTangandSongDynastiesinhistorywasageneralnameoftheeightdelegateprosewritersinTangandSongDynasties,theywereHanYuandLiuZongyuaninTangDynasty,OuyangXiu,thethreeSu,WangAnshiandZengGonginSongDynasty.
最初将这八个作家的散文作品编选在一起刊行的是明初朱后的《八先生文集》,后来唐顺之在《文编》一书中也选录了这八个唐宋作家的作品。
明朝中叶古文家茅坤在前者的基础上加以整理和编选,取名《唐宋八大家文钞》,共160卷。
“唐宋八大家”从此得名。
ThepeoplewhoselectedandeditedtheirprosestogetherinTheCoupusoftheEightMastersfirstwasZhuHouatthebeginningofMinDynasty,afterwards,TangShunzhialsoexcerptedtheirprosedinProsesCompilation.InthemiddleofMingDynasty,ancientprosewriterMaoShenpackedupandcompiledtheirprosesonthebasisofthetwoformers,whichwasintitledProsesCompilationoftheEightAncientChineseProseMastersinTangandSongDynasties.Itwas160volumesaltogether.Fromthenon,theywerecalledso.
由于这八位作家的文学观点比较接近,都主张实用,反对骈体,他们的散文创作都取得了很高的成就,因而“唐宋八大家”一经提出,便为后人普遍接受,成为文学史上的专有名词。
给予当时和后世的文坛以深远的影响。
Becausetheliteratureviewpointsoftheeightmasterswereveryclose,whichwereinsistingonpracticality,opposingparallelstyle,andbecausetheirprosecreationsachievedgreatachievement,oncetheEightAncientChineseProseMastersinTangandSongDynastieswasputforward,itwasacceptedbypeopleafterward.Itbecamethepropernouninliteraturehistory,andaffectedtheliteraryworldatthattimeandaftertimeprofoundly.
李白的诗歌今存990多首。
有大量的政治抒情诗,充分表现了诗人非凡的抱负,奔放的激情,豪侠的气概,也集中代表了盛唐诗歌昂扬奋发的典型音调。
李白有强烈的自我意识,多次以大鹏自比,李白的诗歌的题材是多种多样的。
为中华诗坛第一人。
Therearemorethan900poemsofLiPonow,includingalotofpoliticallyricswhichmanifestedhisextraordinaryambition,untrammeledpassion,gallantspirit,andalsorepresentedthetypicalhigh-spiritedandstrenuoustoneofthepoemsinthegloriousTangDynasty.LiPohadstrongself-awareness,hecompareedhimselftorocformanytimes.Hispoemsubjectsweremanifold,hewasthefirstinChineseParnassus.
至于称号的归属,评论文学家是看他到底在哪种文学形式上的贡献最大、成就最高。
李白的诗歌成就最大,他当然也有散文作品如《春夜宴桃李园》、《与韩荆州书》等但成就有限,不如诗歌为人称道。
像苏东坡就可以在诗、词、文、书法、绘画、甚至烹调方面称为家,是因为他在这些领域都有建树和贡献。
Asfortheascriptionofthetitle,alitterateurshouldbecommentedonaccordingtohowmuchhiscontributionandachievementinthatliteratureform.LiPo'sachievementinpoemswasgreatest,healsohadprosessuchasADinnerinthePeachesandPlumsGardenatASpringNight,ALetterToHanJinzhou,buttheyachievedalittle,andgainedlesspraisecomparedwiththeachievementofhispoems.AndSuDongpocouldbecalledexpertonpoems,proses,calligraphy,paintingandcooking,becausehehadgivencontributiontothesefields.
因此李白并不在唐宋八大家之列.
Thus,LiPowasn'tintheEightAncientChineseProseMastersinTangandSongDynasties.
静夜思
李白
床前明月光,疑是地上霜。
举头望明月,低头思故乡。
IntheStilloftheNight
Idescrybrightmoonlightinfrontofmybed.
Isuspectittobehoaryfrostonthefloor.
水调歌头(明月几时有)
苏轼
明月几时有?
把酒问青天。
不知天上宫阙,今夕是何年。
我欲乘风归去,又恐琼楼玉宇,高处不胜寒,起舞弄清影,何似在人间。
转朱阁,抵绮户,照无眠。
不应有恨,何事常向别时圆。
人有悲欢离合,月有阴晴圆缺,此事古难全。
但愿人长久,千里共婵娟。
"ThinkingofYou"
Whenwillthemoonbeclearandbright?
Withacupofwineinmyhand,Iaskthebluesky.
Idon'tknowwhatseasonitwouldbeintheheavensonthisnight.
I'dliketoridethewindtoflyhome.
YetIfearthecrystalandjademansionsaremuchtoohighandcoldforme.
Dancingwithmymoon-litshadow
Itdoesnotseemlikethehumanworld
ThemoonroundstheredmansionStoopstosilk-paddoors
ShinesuponthesleeplessBearingnogrudge
Whydoesthemoontendtobefullwhenpeopleareapart?
Peoplemayhavesorroworjoy,benearorfarapart
Themoonmaybedimorbright,waxorwane
Thishasbeengoingonsincethebeginningoftime
MayweallbeblessedwithlongevityThoughfarapart,wearestillabletosharethebeautyofthemoontogether
张九龄
望月怀远
海上生明月,天涯共此时。
情人怨遥夜,竟夕起相思。
灭烛怜光满,披衣觉露滋。
不堪盈手赠,还寝梦佳期。
ZhangJiuling
LOOKINGATTHEMOON
ANDTHINKINGOFONEFARAWAY
Themoon,grownfullnowoverthesea,
Brighteningthewholeofheaven,
Bringstoseparatedhearts
Thelongthoughtfulnessofnight....
ItisnodarkerthoughIblowoutmycandle.
ItisnowarmerthoughIputonmycoat.
SoIleavemymessagewiththemoon
Andturntomybed,hopingfordreams.
Iwatchthebrightmoon,asItiltbackmyhead.
Iyearn,whilestooping,formyhomelandmore.
杜甫
春望
国破山河在,城春草木深。
感时花溅泪,恨别鸟惊心。
烽火连三月,家书抵万金。
白头搔更短,浑欲不胜簪。
DuFu
ASPRINGVIEW
Thoughacountrybesundered,hillsandriversendure;
Andspringcomesgreenagaintotreesandgrasses
Wherepetalshavebeenshedliketears
Andlonelybirdshavesungtheirgrief.
...Afterthewar-firesofthreemonths,
Onemessagefromhomeisworthatonofgold.
...Istrokemywhitehair.Ithasgrowntoothin
Toholdthehairpinsanymore.
但愿人长久,千里共婵娟。
Wewisheachotheralonglifesoastosharethebeautyofthisgracefulmoonlight,eventhoughmilesapart.
独在异乡为异客,每逢佳节倍思亲。
AlonelystrangerinastrangelandIamcast,Imissmyfamilyallthemoreoneveryfestiveday.
大江东去,浪淘尽,千古风流人物。
Theendlessrivereastwardflows;withitshugewavesaregoneallthosegallantheroesofbygoneyears.
二人同心,其利断金。
Iftwopeopleareofthesamemind,theirsharpnesscancutthroughmetal.
富贵不能淫,贫贱不能移,威武不能曲,此之谓大丈夫。
Itisatruegreatmanwhomnomoneyandrankcanconfuse,nopovertyandhardshipcanshake,andnopowerandforcecansuffocate.
海内存知己,天涯若比邻。
Abosomfriendafarbringsdistancenear.
合抱之木,生于毫末,九层之台,起于累土;千里之行始于足下。
Ahugetreethatfillsone'sarmsgrowsfromatinyseedling;anine-storiedtowerrisesfromaheapofearth;athousandlijourneystartswiththefirststep.
祸兮,福之所依;福兮,祸之所伏。
Misfortune,thatiswherehappinessdepends;happiness,thatiswheremisfortuneunderlies.
见贤思齐焉,见不贤而内自省也。
Onseeingamanofvirtue,trytobecomehisequal;onseeingamanwithoutvirtue,examineyourselfnottohavethesamedefects.
江山如此多娇,引无数英雄尽折腰。
Thislandsorichinbeautyhasmadecountlessheroesbowinhomage.
举头望明月,低头思故乡。
Raisingmyhead,Iseethemoonsobright;withdrawingmyeyes,mynostalgiacomesaround.
俱往矣,数风流人物,还看今朝。
Allarepastandgone;welooktothisagefortrulygreatmen.
君子成人之美,不成人之恶。
Thegentlemanhelpsotherstoachievetheirmoralperfectionbutnottheirevilconduct.
君子独立不惭于影,独寝不愧于魂。
Arighteousmanneverfeelsashamedtofacehisshadowwhenstandingaloneandtofacehissoulwhensleepingalone.
君子之交淡如水,小人之交甘如醴。
君子淡以亲,小人甘以绝。
Thefriendshipbetweenmenofvirtueislightlikewater,yetaffectionate;thefriendshipbetweenmenwithoutvirtueissweetlikewine,yeteasily
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