初中 动词的语态.docx
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初中 动词的语态.docx
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初中动词的语态
动词的语态
语态有两种:
主动语态和被动语态。
主语是动作的发出者时为主动语态;主语是动作的接受者时为被动语态。
注意:
1)感官动词主动语态的宾语补足语是不带to的不定式,变为被动语态时,该不定式前要加"to"。
例如:
Theteachermademegooutoftheclassroom.老师逼我走出教室。
-->Iwasmadetogooutoftheclassroom(bytheteacher).
Wesawhimplayfootballontheplayground.我们看见他在草场踢球。
-->Hewasseentoplayfootballontheplayground.
2)情态动词+be+过去分词,构成被动语态。
例如:
Coalcanbeusedtoproduceelectricityforagricultureandindustry.煤可以产生工农业需要的电。
12.1let的用法
1)当let后只有一个单音节动词,变被动语态时,可用不带to的不定式。
例如:
Theyletthestrangego.他们放陌生人走了。
--->Thestrangewasletgo.
2)当let后宾补较长时,let通常不用被动语态,而用allow或permit代替。
例如:
Thenurseletmegotoseemyclassmateinthehospital.那护士让我去探望住院的同学。
---->Iwasallowed/permittedtoseemyclassmateinthehospital.
12.2短语动词的被动语态
短语动词是一个整体,不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。
例如:
MysisterwillbetakencareofbyGrandma.我妹妹由奶奶照顾。
Suchathinghasneverbeenheardofbefore.这样的事闻所未闻。
12.3表示"据说"或"相信"的词组,基本上由believe,consider,declare,expect,feel,report,say,see,suppose,think,understand等组成。
例如:
Itissaidthat… 据说
Itisreportedthat…据报道
Itisbelievedthat… 大家相信
Itishopedthat… 大家希望
Itiswellknownthat…众所周知
Itisthoughtthat… 大家认为
Itissuggestedthat… 据建议
Itistakengrantedthat… 被视为当然
Ithasbeendecidedthat…大家决定
Itmustberememberthat…务必记住的是
12.4不用被动语态的情况
1)不及物动词或不及物动词短语,如appear,diedisappear,end(vi.结束),fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand,breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace等没有无被动语态。
例如:
Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofmyhouse.大火过后,我家烧得所剩无几。
比较:
rise,fall,happen是不及物动词;raise,seat是及物动词。
(错)Thepricehasbeenrisen.
(对)Thepricehasrisen.
(错)Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.
(对)Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.
(错)Thepricehasraised.
(对)Thepricehasbeenraised.
(错)Pleaseseat.
(对)Pleasebeseated.
要想正确地使用被动语态,就须注意哪些动词是及物的,哪些是不及物的。
特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。
解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。
2)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语,如fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watchagreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto等。
例如:
Thiskeyjustfitsthelock.这把钥匙只配这把锁。
Yourstoryagreeswithwhathadalreadybeenheard.你说的与我们听说的一致。
3)系动词无被动语态,如appear,bebecome,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn等。
例如:
Itsoundsgood.听上去不错。
4)带同源宾语的及物动词如die/death,dream/dream,live/life等,以及反身代词,相互代词,不能用于被动语态。
例如:
Shedreamedabaddreamlastnight.她昨晚做了个恶梦。
5)当宾语是不定式时,很少用于被动语态。
例如:
(对)Shelikestoswim.
(错)Toswimislikedbyher.
12.5主动形式表示被动意义
1)wash,clean,cook,iron,look,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,draw,write,sell等。
例如:
Thebooksellswell. 这本书销路好。
Thisknifecutseasily. 这刀子很好用。
2)blame,let(出租),remain,keep,rent,build等。
例如:
Iwastoblamefortheaccident.事故发生了,我该受指责。
Muchworkremains.还有许多活要干。
3)在need,require,want,worth(形容词),deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。
例如:
Thedoorneedsrepairing.=Thedoorneedstoberepaired.门该修了。
Thisbookisworthreading. 这本书值得一读。
4)特殊结构:
makesb.heard/understood(使别人能听见/理解自己)等。
例如:
Explainitclearlyandmakeyourselfunderstood.解释清楚些,让别人理解你的话。
12.6被动形式表示主动意义,如bedetermined,bepleased,begraduated(from),beprepared(for),beoccupied(in),getmarried等。
例如:
Heisgraduatedfromafamousuniversity.他毕业于一所有名的大学。
注意:
表示同某人结婚,用marrysb.或getmarriedtosb.均可。
例如:
Hemarriedarichgirl.他与一个富妞结婚了。
Hegotmarriedtoarichgirl.
12.7need/want/require/worth
当need,want,require,beworth后面接doing时,表示的是被动意义。
例如:
Yourhairwantscutting. 你的头发该理了。
Thefloorrequireswashing.地板需要冲洗。
典型例题
Thelibraryneeds___,butit'llhavetowaituntilSunday.
A.cleaning B.becleaned C.clean D.beingcleaned
答案A.need(实意)+n/todo,need(情态)+do,当为被动语态时,还可need+doing.本题考最后一种用法,选A。
如有tobecleaned则也为正确答案。
一、把下列句子变成被动语态。
1.Shemethermotheryesterday.
2.Hewilltellusapieceofgoodnews.
3.Tombrokethewindow.
4.Wemustfinishtheworkontime.
5.Thepostmanbroughtmetwoletters.
二、单项填空
1.Insomecountries,tea_____withmilkandsugar.
A.isservingB.isserved
C.servesD.hasserved
2.Greatchanges_____inmyhometownsince1949.
A.havebeentakenplace
B.tookplace
C.havetakenplaceD.willtakeplace
3.—Iwanttositatthetablenearthewindow.
—Sorry,_____already.
A.ittookB.ittakes
C.ithasbeentakenD.itwillbetaken
4.Theletter_____threedaysagoandit_____yesterday.
A.hadpost,hadarrived
B.wasposted,arrived
C.hadbeenposted,wasarrived
D.posted;arrived
5.Hetoldmethatthefinalexamination_____thenextThursday.
A.isgivenB.willbegiven
C.wouldbegivenD.wasgiven
三、用所给单词组成句子。
例:
(theoffice/clean/yesterday)Theofficewascleanedyesterday.
1.(thehouse/paint/lastmonth)
__________________________________
2.(threepeople/injure/intheaccident/lastweek)
__________________________________
3.(mybicycle/steal/afewdaysago)
__________________________________
4.(when/thisbridge/build?
)
__________________________________
5.(you/invite/tothepartylastweek?
)
__________________________________
被动语态专项练习
一、选择题(2×15=30分)
()1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?
A.Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Does;buildD.Did;build
()2.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek.
A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened
()3.Cotton(棉花)____inthesoutheastofChina.
A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow
()4.Sofar,themoon____bymanalready.
A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited
()5.AtalkonChinesehistory_____intheschoolhallnextweek.
A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.gives
()6.Howmanytrees____thisyear?
A.areplantedB.willplantC.havebeenplantedD.planted
()7.Alotofthings____bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.
A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedone
()8.--When___thiskindofcomputers______?
--Lastyear.
A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used
()9.TheGreatWall____allovertheworld.
A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown
()10.Who_____thisbook_____?
A.did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC.did;writtenD.was;written
()11.Astory_____byGrannyyesterday.
A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus
()12.Themonkeywasseen_____offthetree.
A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump
()13.Theschoolbag___behindthechair.
A.putsB.canbeputC.canbeputtedD.canput
()14.Olderpeople____well.
A.looksafterB.mustbelookedafterC.mustlookafterD.lookedafter
()15.Ourteacher______carefully.
A.shouldbelistenedtoB.shouldbelistenC.belistenedD.islistened
二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。
(1×20=20分)(请注意时态和语态两个方面噢)
1.It'ssaid(据说)thatthelongbridge______________(build)intwomonths.
2.Wheretohavethemeeting______________(discuss)now.
3.Whichlanguage_______themostwidely_______(speak)intheworld?
4.Thelostboy_____________(notfind)sofar.
5.Lastyearalargenumberoftrees______________(cut)down.
6.Thestudents_____often_____(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.
7.Theoldmanisill.He______(mustsend)tothehospital.
8.Vegetables,eggsandfruits_________(sell)inthisshop.
9.What_______knives______(make)of?
They_______________(make)ofmetal(金属)andwood.
10.Canthemagazine________(take)outofthelibrary?
11.Theroom_____________(clean)bymeeveryday.
12.Thestarscan’t_____________(see)inthedaytime.
13.Someflowers_______________(water)byLiMingalready.
14.Thiskindofshoes__________(sell)well.
15.Howlong_____youruncle______(be)inthecity?
16.Thefood_____________(smell)delicious.
17.Look!
Someone__________(dance).
三、按要求改写下列句子,一空一词。
(1×30=30分)
1.IsteagrowninSouthChina?
(改为主动语态)
_______people_________teainSouthChina?
2.Iamgivenabirthdaypresentbymyparentseveryyear.(同义句转换)
Abirthdaypresent____________________________bymyparentseveryyear.
3.Theworkisgoingtobefinishedintwodays.(对划线提问)
How______________theworkgoingtobefinished?
4.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.(改为被动语态)
AnEnglishsong___________________bythechildren.
5.Youneedn'tdoitnow.(改为被动语态)
It______________________byyounow.
6.Peopleusemetalformakingmachines.(改为被动语态)
Metal________________________makingmachines.
7.Hemademedothatforhim.(改为被动语态)
I____________________________thatforhim.
8.Theyarewatchingthefootballmatch.
Thefootballmatch_____________________bythem.
9.Didtheybuildabridgehereayearago?
(改为被动语态)
__________abridge____________herebythemayearago?
10.Theyhavesoldoutthelightgreendresses.(改为被动语态)
Thelightgreendresses____________________________out.
11.Wecallthegame“Lianliankan”.(改为被动语态)
Thegame_______________“Lianliankan”byus.
四、根据所给汉语完成句子,一空一词。
(1×10=10分)
①Thenewbike______________________(买给我)bymyparentsasapresentlastweek.
②_______yourmobilephone______________________(是国产的吗)?
③Thewholemountainis__________________(覆盖)thesnow.
五、下列各句均有一处错误,请找出并改正过来。
(10分)
①Ihavealotofhomeworktobedonetonight.
②Isyourhistoryteacherlistenedcarefullyinclass?
③LeiFeng'snamerememberedbyallChinesepeople.
④Themusicissoundedbeautiful.
⑤BywhowasthisneweducationalCD-ROMdesigned?
Answers
一、选择题(2×15=30分)
1.B2.D3.A4.C5.6.C7.B8.B9.C10.B11.B1
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