名词性从句 高考考点和重点剖析.docx
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名词性从句 高考考点和重点剖析.docx
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名词性从句高考考点和重点剖析
名词性从句的重点、难点、考点:
名词性从句在功能上相当于名词
名词性从句的定义:
在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句(NounClauses)。
名词从句的功能相当于名词,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
(一)引导名词性从句的连接词
1、连接代词:
who,whose,whom,what,which。
有词义,在从句中担任成分,如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。
2、连接副词:
when,where,why,how。
有词义,在从句中担任成分,作状语。
3、连接词:
that,whether,if,asif。
that无词义,在从句中不担任成分,有时可省略;asif(好象)虽有词义,但在从句中不担任成分。
注意:
连词的选用:
依据“缺什么补什么”原则确定正确的连词。
如果句子中缺主语,指人用who,指物用what;如缺宾语,指人用whom,指物用what;如缺时间状语用when;地点状语用where;原因状语用why;方式状语用how;定语用what或which;什么都不缺用that。
whether和if(是否),
1.It’snotimmediatelyclear____thefinancialcrisiswillsoonbeover.
A.sinceB.whatC.whenD.whether
2.Asanewdiplomat,heoftenthinksof_____hecanreactmoreappropriatelyonsuchoccasions.
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.how
3.Whenasked____theyneedmost,thekidssaidtheywantedtofeelimportantandloved.\
A.whatB.whyC.whomD.which
4.Thelasttimewehadgreatfunwas___wewerevisitingtheWaterPark.
A.whereB.howC.whenD.why
5.Whynottryyourluckdowntown,Bob?
That’s_____thebestjobsare.
A.whereB.whatC.whenD.why
6._______youdon'tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.(上海1992)
A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether
7.Goandgetyourcoat.It's____youleftit.
A.whereB.thereC.herewhereD.wherethere
(二)that在名词性从句中的用法
that引导名词性从句不充当任何成分,没有具体意义。
以下情况that不能省略:
1.主、表、同从句不能省
ThatIcanpaybackthehelppeoplegivememakesmehappy.
Itiscertainthathewillsucceed.
The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.
The fact is that he has not been seen recently.
2.宾语从句中的that一般可以省,但以下情况不能:
a.并列宾语从句中第一个that可以省,后面的都不能省。
Iknow(that)heisaworkerandthathelivesinShanghai.
b.介词in,except后面的that不能省。
Thereasonliesin______sheworksharderthanothersdo.
Thehigherincometaxisharmfulin______itmaydiscouragepeoplefromtryingtoearnmore.
c.主句动词后有其它从句插入,或连接词后有其它从句插入,that不能省。
Hejudged______becausehewasachild,hedidn'tunderstandwhathesaid.
Everyoneknows____happenedand_____shewasworried.
Athat,thatB.what,thatC.what,/D.that,what
d.it做形式宾语,that引导真正的宾语从句,that不能省。
Ithinkitdifficult____wefinishthetaskinonlyoneday.A/B.thatC.whatD.which
e.若主句的谓语动词是appear,agree,learn,suggest,observe等时,that通常不可省略。
例如:
Weagreedthatallthestudentsmustplanttreesinthepark.
1.China’ssuccessinmanned-spacecrafttravelshows____ourcountryhasbecomeoneofthegreatestpowersinspaceresearch.A.whatB.whichC.不填D.itthat
(三)、whether与if的辨用
whether与if都可以引导宾语从句,常可互换。
但在下列情况下用whether。
a.主语从句b.表语从句c.同位语从句e.介词后的宾语从句
f.后接动词不定式(whethertodosth.)
g.whetherornot连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if
___themeetingwillbeheldinBeijingisnotknownyet.
A.WheneverB.IfC.WhetherD.That
2.Atfirsthehatedthenewjobbutdecidedtogivehimselfafewmonthstosee____itgotanybetter.A.whenB.howC.whyD.if
3._____we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.
A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where
4.Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis_____mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.(上海2001)
A.whenB.howC.whetherD.why
(四)名词性从句中一律使用陈述句序。
e.g.HeaskedhowmuchIpaidfortheviolin.
Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.我想知道他告诉了你什么。
Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
1.Noonecanbesure____inamillionyears.
A.whatmanwilllooklikeB.whatwillmanlooklike
C.manwilllooklikewhatD.whatlookwillmanlike
2.Youcan’timagine____whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.
A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited
3.Thephotographswillshowyou____.(MET1989)
A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslike
C.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike
4.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee___________.(NMET2000)
A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis
5.Canyoumakesure______thegoldring?
(NMET1990)
A.whereAlicehadputB.wheredidAliceput
C.whereAlicehasputD.wherehasAliceput
6.Heasked________fortheviolin.(NMET1991)
A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid
(五)名词性从句中虚拟语气的使用情况
1、在表示“命令、建议、坚持、要求”的名词性从句中,要用“should+动词原形”形式,should可以省略。
e.g.Imadeasuggestionthathe(should)gothereatonce.
Isuggestedthathe(should)gothereatonce.
Thesuggestionwasthathe(should)gothereatonce.
Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.我坚持要她自己工作。
Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.司令员命令部队马上出发\
Heinsistedthathe_____themoneyand____he____setfree.
A.didn’tsteal,/wasB.steal,that,shoudbeC.didn’tsteal,that,shouldbeD.steal,/was
2、wish引导的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气,分与现在、过去、将来相反三种情况。
e.g.IwishIweretenyearsyounger.
Iwishyouhadpostedtheletteryesterday.
IwishIwouldtryagain.
3、在句型“It+is/was+adj.+主语从句”中,如果形容词是important,strange,natural,necessary等,从句谓语部分要用“should+动词原形”形式,should可以省略。
e.g.It’sstrangethathe(should)thinkso.
Itisnecessarythathe(should)gothereatonce.
1.Itisnecessarythatacollegestudent______atleastaforeignlanguage.(上海1993)
A.mastersB.shouldmasterC.masteredD.willmaster
2.Itwasorderedthatallthesoldiers_______tothefront.
A.shouldsendB.mustbesentC.shouldbesentD.mustgo
3.Weareallforyourproposalthatthediscussion_______.
A.beputoffB.wasputoffC.shouldputoffD.istobeputoff
(六)主语从句:
it做形式主语的重要句型
1)Itis/was+名词+that从句(apity,ashame,agoodidea,nowonder,anhonor,hightime)
1.Itisapitythatshe_________(come)totheparty.
2.Itishightimethatwe__________(get)downtowork.
3.ItisthefirsttimethatI_________(come)toBeijing.
4._____isnowonder_____thechildrenlovetovisitthefarm.
2)Itis/was+adj+that从句(possible,probable,likely,certain,surprsing,clear,obvious,apparent,evident,well-known,true,important,necessary,essential,strange常用虚拟语气:
即(should)+动词原形)如:
Itisnecessarythatwe_________(have)agoodknowledgeofbasicEnglish.
3)Itis/was+过去分词+that从句(said,reported/thought,believed,suggested,advised,ordered,required,proved,believed,arranged,expected,hoped)如:
___issaid_____hehasgoneabroad.
4)It+不及物动词+that从句
Itseems/happens(碰巧)/appears/turnsout/doesn’tmatter/itoccurstosb.(某人突然想起))that…
例句:
____seems______hehasknownthesecret.
1.____isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.
A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It
2.It’sobvioustothestudents_____theyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.
A.asB.whichC.whetherD.that
3.Itworriedherabit______herhairwasturninggrey.
A.whileB.ifC.thatD.for
4.Ihate_____whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.
A.itB.thatC.thisD.them
5.Does_______matterifhecan'tfinishthejobontime?
A.thisB.thatC.heD.it
6.________thattheyfoundanunusualplantintheforest.
A.ItissaidB.TheyaresaidC.ItsaidD.Itsays
(九)think,believe,imagine,suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中用在第一人称中时,要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。
即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中
例如:
Wedon’tthinkyouarehere,________________?
Idon’tbelievehewilldoso._________________?
Shedoesn’tthinkyouarehere,________________?
(七)同位语从句
说明其前面的名词的具体内容。
常由that引导,可用于同位语从句的名词有:
(advice,demand,doubt,fact,hope,idea,information,message,news,order,possibility,problem,promise,proposal,question,request,reason,suggestion,truth,wish,word,belief)等。
1.Thenews_____wewonthegameisexciting.
()2.Thethoughtcametohim______Maryhadprobablyfallenill.
A.whatBthatC.whyD.when
()3.-----Isthereanypossibility____youcouldpickupattheairport?
-----Noproblem.
()4.Weshouldconsiderthestudents’request__theschoolliberaryprovidemorebooksonpopularscience.
()5.Newscamefromtheschooloffice____WangLinhadbeenadimittedtoBeijingUniversity.
()6.Thefacthasworriedmanyscientists____theearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmer.
A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what
引导同位语从句与定语从句的that的区别
that作为关系代词,可以引导定语从句,充当句子成分,在从句中作宾语时可以省略;that引导同位语从句时,起连词的作用,没有实际意义,不充当句子成分,一般不能省略。
试比较下面两个例句:
Thenewsthathetoldmeisveryimportant.(that引导______从句,作______,______省略)
Thenewsthatourteamwonthegameisexciting.(that引导_______从句,_____省略)
()1.Thenarosethequestion____weweretogetsomuchmoney.
()2.Thisthehouse____thegreatmanMaoZedongwasborn110yearsago.
A.whereB.thatC.aboutwhichD.inwhich
(八)表语从句:
表语从句位于系动词(be,seem,look等)后,有时用asif/asthough引导表语从句。
Ithappensthat(恰好),Itappearsthat(似乎),Itseemsthat(好象),Itturnsoutthat(结果是)等这类结构的句子,通常被看作是表语从句。
Thisiswhereourproblemlies.这就是我们的问题所在。
Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometothemeeting.那就是他为什么不到会的原因。
Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看上去天要下雨了。
-----HowIwishedwestudied_____therearefewerexams!
-----Youarejoking.A.whereB.theplacewhereC.inwhichD.inwhere
(九)Where,when,why,because,asif/asthough等连接副词引导的名词性从句。
Where,when,why等连接副词也可以引导名词性从句,使用的关键是:
这个词必须符合句子的逻辑意义要求。
例如:
Itlookedasifitwasgoingtorain.
That’sbecausehedidn’tworkhardenough.
ThatwaswhyIaskedforthreedays’leave.
1.----IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.
-----Isthat____youhadafewdaysoff?
A.whyB.whenC.thatD.where
2.—Doyouremember____hecame?
—Yes,Ido,hecamebycar.A.HowB.whenC.thatD.if
3.Thereason____hewaslatewas______hemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning
A.why,becauseB.why,thatC.for,becauseD.for,that
(十)that与what在名词性从句中的区别
That引导名词性从句在从句中不充当任何成分,也没任何意义,只起连接作用,有时可以省略,而what引导从句时充当主,宾,表,定语。
1._________hesaidsomadeusangry.
2._
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