《希腊神话》打印版英文原版.docx
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《希腊神话》打印版英文原版.docx
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《希腊神话》打印版英文原版
1TheOlympinGods
BetweenMacedonandThessalyofeasternGreecetherestoodahighmountain.Itscloudytoprushedintotheveryheavens.Onthetopofthemountain,thehomeofthegodswasbathedinbrightness.AtOlympusZeusruledasthefatherofgodsandmen.Zeuswasnotacruderulerbyanystandards.Allthegodslistenedtohisfinalwords,itwastrue.ButZeusmadethemallsitonacommitteeoftwelvemembers,includingsixgodsandsixgoddesses.ThefirstintheOlympiancrowdsatZeushimself.Hewastheoverlordofgodsandmenandtheoperatorofthethunderbolt.NexttohimwasHera,hisproudandgreeneyedqueen.Poseidonwasrulerofthesea,AndHades,kingofthelowerworld,hadnoseatinthecommittee.Apollowasthegodofthesun,musicandpoetry,whilehistwinsisterArtemiswasthegoddessofthemoonandthechase.Athenawasthegoddessofwisdomandpatronessofhouseholdarts.Hestin,thegoddessofthefamily,representedhomelifeandfamilyhappiness.ThefrighteningAreswasthegodofwar,andthecharmingAphroditethegoddessofloveandbeauty.Thegodoffire,Hephaestus,wastheforgerofthethunderboltsofZeus.ThewingfootedmessengerHermeswasthegodofinventionandcommerce;andthegoddessofgrainsandharvests,Demeter,lookedafteragricultureandstoodformotherofcivilization.
Allthechiefgodsmentionedabovetookhumanformsofincomparablebeautyandgrace.Oftenmovedbyhumanfeelingsanddesires,theyfrequentlygavewaytoangerandjealousy.Theybecameinvolvedinceaselessbattleswiththeworldofman.AmongthemselvesatOlympustheyplottedandstruggledforpower.Inthehumanworldtheyexperiencedcompetitionsanddifficulties.Theyenjoyedearthlyfriendshipsandloves.AcrowdofeverlastinggodslookedandactedinaperfectlyhumanfashionthatiswhatallgodsatOlympusactuallywere.
2Pandora
Afterthestealingoffire,Zeusbecameincreasinglyunkindtomen.OnedayheorderedhissonHephaestustobuildanimageofabeautifulmaidenoutofclay.Hethenaskedthegodsandgoddessestoawardherwithdifferentkindsofgifts.Amongothers,AthenaclothedherinanattractivecoatandHermesgaveherthepoweroftellinglies.Acharmingyounglady,shewasthefirstwomanthateverlived.ZeuscalledherPandora.Becauseshehadreceivedfromeachofthegodsandgoddessesagift.Thegiftwasharmfultomen.
Zeusdecidedtosendherdowntomenasapresent.SoHermesthemessengerbroughthertoEpimetheus,brotherofPrometheus.Thegreatnessofherbeautytouchedtheheartsofallwholookeduponher,andEpimetheushappilyreceivedherintohishouse.HehadquiteforgottenPometheus'warning:
nevertoacceptanythingfromZeus.Thecouplelivedahappylifeforsometime.Thentroublecameontothehumanworld.
Whenhewasbusywithteachingmentheartofliving,PrometheushadleftabigcaskinthecareofEpimetheus.Hehadwarnedhisbrothernottoopenthelid.Pandorawasacuriouswoman.Shehadbeenfeelingverydisappointedthatherhusbanddidnotallowhertotakealookatthecontentsofthecask.Oneday,whenEpimetheuswasout,sheliftedthelidandoutitcameunrestandwar,Plagueandsickness,theftandviolence,griefsorrow,andalltheotherevils.Thehumanworldwashencetoexperiencetheseevils.Onlyhopestayedwithinthemouthofthejarandneverflewout.Somenalwayshavehopewithintheirhearts.
3Apollo
AmongthecrowdofOlympiangodstheonemostwidelyadmiredwasApollo.HewasthesonofZeusandLetto.AccordingtoGreekmythology,LetowasdrivenbyHerafromlandtolandatlastPoseidontookPityonherandbroughttheislandofDelosoutofwaterforhertoliveon.Thereshegavebirthtothetwins,ApolloandArtemis.
Apollowasmesun-god.Heworeapurplerobe.Heusuallysatinhisbrighteasternpalaceearlyinthemorningandmadereadytostarthisdailyjourneyacrossthesky.Duringthedayhedrovehiscarriageofgoldandivory,andbroughtlight,lifeandlovetothegreatworldbelow.Iateintheafternoonhecametotheendofhisjourneyinthefarwesternseaandgotonhisgoldenboattoreturntohiseasternhome.
Apollowasthegodofmusicandpoetry.Hecouldstirupallfeelings.Thesefeelingsareexpressedinloftysongs.WithhislyreofgoldandthesweetaccentsofhisgodlikevoiceheledthechoiroftheMusesatOlympus.ThepleasantmusicfromhislyrewassoexcitingthatstonesmarchedintotheirplacesinrhythmictimeandoftheirownwillwhenhehelpedPoseidonbuildupthewallsofTroy.Ononeoccasion,invitedtoacontestbythehumanmusicianMarsyas,hewonandthenflayedhimtodeathforhispride.Onanotheroccasion,helostouttoPanatamusicalcontestandturnedtheearsofthejudge,KingMidas,intothoseofanass.
Hisson,Orpheus,tookoversuchskillfromthefatherthathislyremovedmanandanimalsalike.
Apollostoodforyouthfulandmanlybeauty.Hisgoldenhair,statelymannerandairallcombinedtomakehimtheadmirationoftheworld.Abeautifulgirl,bythenameofClytle,wassofondofhisbeautyandglorythatfromdawntoduskshekneltontheground,herhandsoutstretchedtowardsthesungod,andhereyeslookedathisgoldenwheeledcarriageracingacrossthebluesky.Thoughherlovewasnotreturned,shehadneverchangedhermindaboutApollo.Thegodsweremovedatthesadsight,andchangedherintoasunflower.
4Prometheus
PrometheuswasaTitan.InthewarbetweenZeusthegiantshehadstoodonthesideofthenewOlympiangods.Outoftheclayhemadethefirstman,towhomAthenagavesoulandholybreath.Prometheusspentalotoftimeandenergyincreatingthegiftoffire.Andfireraisedmanaboveallanimals.Later,thereheldajointmeetingofgodsandmen.Themeetingwastodecidewhatpartofburntanimalsshouldbegiventogodsandwhattomen.Prometheuscutupanoxanddivideditintotwoparts:
undertheskinheplacedthefresh,andunderthefatheputthebones,forheknewtheselfishZeuslovedfat.ZeussawthroughthetrickandfeltdispleasedatthePrometheus'favortowardsmen.Soinamasterfulwayhetookawaythegiftoffirefrommankind.However,Prometheusmanagedtostealfirefromheavenandsecretlybroughtitdowntomen.Flyingintoanangeratthisunjustifiedactofrebellion,ZeuslettheothergodschainPrometheustoarockonMountainCaucasus,whereahungryeagleevertoreathisliverwhichevergrewagain.Hisperiodofpainwastobethirty-thousandyears.PrometheusfacedhisbitterfatefirmlyandneverlostcouragebeforeZeus.AtlastHeraclesmadePrometheusandZeusrestoretofriendship,whenHeraclescameoverinsearchofthegoldenappleandkilledtheeagleandsetthefriendofmankindfree.
5NereusandProteus
OfallthesmallseadivinitiesNereusandProteusstoodoutasPeculiarsea-gods.Nereus,knownas“theOldManofthesea〞,representedthepleasantaspectofoceanwaters.Helivedbeneaththeseawithhisfiftylovelydaughters,ofwhomthemostfamouswereAmphritrite,Thetis,GalateaandPanope.ItwasNereuswhoadvisedHeraclestoseekPrometheusinthehero'ssearchofthegoldenapples.
ProteuswasPoseidon'sherdsman.Hewaswellknownfortwoqualities:
thegiftofprophecyandthepowertotakevariousforms.Atonetimehewasalionwithacurlywavyhairs;atanotherheappearedintheshapeofawildboar;andstillanotherhestoodastatelytreecoveredwithrichleaves.When,afteralltheseandmanyotherchanges,hefailedtogetridofhisquestioner,thegodoffereddetailedanswers.
6Eros〔Cupid〕
Eroswasthegodoflove,betterknownbyhislatinnameCupid.SonofAphroditebyAres,hetookhisplaceamongthesmallgodsofOlympus.Hewasrepresentedasalittlenakedboy,withsparklingwings,andhecarriedhisbowandarrowswhereverhewandered.Shootinghisthrillingarrowsinevils,heinspiredthepassionofloveandprovidedallnaturewithlifeandpowerofreproduction.Thelovely,naughtygodhadtwokindsofarrows:
thegoldtippedarrowsusedtoquickenthepulseofloveandtheleadtippedonestopalsyit.Besides,hehadatorchtolightheartswith.
Thoughsometimeshewasblindfolded,nomannorgod,Zeushimselfincluded,wassafefromhisevils.AtonetimethelittlenaughtygodwaswoundedbyhisownarrowsandsuchburninglovewasawakenedinhimforthehumanmaidenPsychethathedisregardedtheconstantinterferenceofhismotherandpluckeduphiscouragetobegZeusforjustice.AnotherfamousstorywhereErosplayedanimportantpartwastheArgonauticexpedition.Medea,daughterofkingAeetes,waswoundedbyEros'arrows,tookJason'spartinrecoveringthegoldenfleeceandeventuallybecamethehero'swife.
7Ares
SonofZeusandHera,Areswasappointedgodofwar.Hewasterribleandmajestic,andhismarchshooktheworld.OfallthemajorgodsatOlympus,hewasthemosthateful,lovingstruggleandwarandeverthirstyforblood.Ontheotherhandhesignifiedcourageandvictoryinbattle,andwasdevoutlyworshippedbysoldiersgoingtowar.Prayerswereaddressedtohimbeforethewarandspoilspresentedathisaltarafterit.
Hewastheonegodwhoeverhadtosubmittothepowerofhisinferiors.Atonetimelackoftactandgoodudgementledtohisshame.Hewasfightingwithtwogiants,andfindinghimselfnomatchforthetwomonstrouscreatures,laiddownhisarmsandwasimprisonedinchains.HewassetfreeintheendbytheartfulHermes,butnotbeforehehadsufferedallthehumiliations.
Hewasasthoughtlessashewasunkind.AsonofPoseidon's,attemptingtokidnaphisdaughter,madethewar-godunhappy,sothathekilledtheyouthWithouthesitation.Inretaliation,PoseidondraggedhimbeforeagroupofAthenianjudgesfortrial.ThecourtwasheldonahilloutsideAthens.Arespresentedhiscaseandwasdeclaredinnocent.ThehillwaseveraftercalledAr
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