完整word版专业学位硕士研究生英语教程12.docx
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完整word版专业学位硕士研究生英语教程12.docx
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完整word版专业学位硕士研究生英语教程12
unit12
Education
Preview
Educationhaslongbeengivenapriorityinacivilizedsociety.Itismostlybelievedthatthesoleresponsibilityforeducatingstudentsliesonteachers,andforanywrong-doinginstudents'behaviorandanylowachievementinstudents'performanceteachersaretoblame.Isitfair?
Educationisaconstructiveandcooperativejob.Virtually,parentshaveacriticalroletoplayintheprocessofchildeducation.Howshouldteachersandparentsworktogethertoprovidebettercultivationtochildren?
Maybe,weneedmoreparentstoputmoreeffortintotheirparentingandintocreatingtheenvironmentinwhichtheirchildrencometoschoolreadyandwillingtolearn.
I.TextReading
Warm-up
Howshouldparentsraisetheirchildrenproperly,andcreateabettercircumstancefortheirchildren?
Parentsarethefirstteachersfortheirchildren.Parents'behavior,effortstheytake,andthesurroundingstheycreatehavecriticalimpactontheirchildren.Howshouldparentsraisetheirchildrenproperly?
Pleaseaddmoreinadditiontowhatismentionedbelow.
•Theymustbehelpfulandinspireconfidenceintheirchildren.
•Theyareresponsibleforsettingboundariesfortheirchildren'sbehavior.
•Theyareresponsibleforsettinggoodexamplesfortheirchildren.
•Theyshouldspendtimewithchildrensothatchildrenfeelknownandvalued.
•Theymustteachtheirchildrenthemostbasicsocialskillsandmaketheirchildrenlearnrulesofsocialbehavior.
•Theyneedtoshowaninterestintheirchildren.
•Theyshouldhelptheirchildrentoplaywiththeirpeers.
•TheyshouldmonitorwhattheirchildrenarewatchingonTVandplayingonthecomputer.
II.Oughttherightofateachertobehonored?
Intoday'sworld,schoolviolenceaimedatteachersisnotuncommon.However,duetothethinkingthatteachersarein-schoolguardiansofstudentsandstudentsaremostlyimmatureadolescents,teachersareusuallywronged,andstudentsaremostlypardoned.Doyouthinksuchreasoningrational?
III.Howtorebalanceteachers'andstudents'rights?
InChinatoday,students'rightsarefullyprotectedandthis,undoubtedly,isagoodsteptowardstheprotectionofthe"flowers"ofthecountry.Becauseofthis,someteachersareafraidofpunishingmisbehavingstudents.Doteachershavetherighttopunishstudents?
Howcanwerebalancetherightsofteachersandstudents?
Text
Don'tBlameTeachersWhenIt'sParentsWhoAreFailing
MaryBousted
[1]"Averydisruptive(causingproblems,noise,etc.)six-year-oldkickedmylegsandclawed(toscratchortearsb/sthwithclawsorwithyournails)atmyhand,"saidoneteacher."Ibrokeupafightandwaskickedbetweenmylegsandbutted,"saidanother.Manypeoplehaveheardstorieslikethis.Butthesituationismoreworryingstillanditinvolvesparents.
[2]Inthiscountry,wedonothaveaparticularlypositiverecordongoodchildhood.AreportbyUnicef①,publishedlastyear,thatdescribedBritainasa"pictureofneglect(thefactofnotgivingenoughcareorattentiontosth/sb)"isnowinfamous(=notorious).Wefinishedinthebottomthirdof21industrializedcountriesinfiveoutofsixcategories—materialwell-being(=wealth);healthandsafety;educationalwell-being(health);relationships;behaviorandrisks;andsubjectivewell-being(=happiness)—endingupoveralllast,aftertheUnitedStates.TheNetherlands,Sweden,DenmarkandFinlandtoppedtheleague(alevelofquality,ability,etc)tableofchildhappiness.
[3]Wehave,asanation,todomoreandtodobetterinourdutyofcaretoourchildren.Thegovernmenthasdeclaredthat"everychildmatters(=isimportant)".Myunion,theAssociationofTeachersandLecturers,fullysupportsgovernmenteffortstoimprovethequalityofchildren'slives.Werecognizethatithasputitsmoneywhereitsmouthis—movingbeyondpious(havingorshowingadeeprespectforGodandreligion)sentimentsandhand-wringing(totwistandsqueezeclothes,etc)—toprovidingrealsupportforvulnerable(weakandeasilyhurtphysicallyoremotionally)childrenandfamilies.
[4]Everychild,irrespectiveof(=regardlessof)thecircumstancesintowhichtheyareborn,hastherighttoachievetheirpotential,irrespectiveoftheirparents'wealthandclass.Andwerecognisethat,asanation,wearealongwayfromachievingthisgoal.
[5]Butwithrightscomeresponsibilitiesandmyfearisthatweareindangerofneglecting(=ignoring)thelatter.Letmegivesomeexamples.Whenthemumof14-year-oldEmmatellstheheadofyearthatEmmaispregnant,whodoessheholdresponsible?
Shemightblametheseniorleadershipteamfortheweaknessoftheschool'sPSHE(personal,socialandhealtheducation)policy,orperhapsthePSHEteacher,orpossiblyEmma'stutor.Shemight,inotherwords,doanythingshecantolaytheblameforherchild'spregnancyatsomeoneelse'sdoor.
[6]Orhowabout16-year-oldJackwhoseparentscomeintoschoolhighlydistressed(upsetandanxious)becausetheyhavediscoveredheisaregularcannabis(adrugmadefromthedriedleavesandflowersorresinofthehempplant大麻)user.Theirdistresscausesthemtohitout.Jackhasbeenledastray(误导,误入歧途)byhisschoolfriends.Moreshouldhavebeendonetoeducatehimaboutthedangersofdrugabuse.Theythreatentogotothelocalpresstotelltheirstory.
[7]Youmightthinktheseareextremeexamples,butteachermembersofATL(Atlanta,美国佐治亚州亚特兰大的简写)arereportingthatsuchscenarios(adescriptionofhowthingsmighthappeninthefuture)arebecomingmoreandmorecommon.Teachersarebecomingincreasinglyconcerned(=worried)thattheyarebeingheldresponsibleforaspectsofchildrenandyoungpeople'sliveswhicharecompletelybeyond(outof)theircontrol.
[8]Wewillbetalkingaboutchildren'sbehaviourinmoredetailthisweekatATL'sannualconference(=meeting).Weknowfartoomanychildrenarebehavingbadlyatschool,eventothepointofbeingviolenttostaff(=faculty).Thisishorrifyingenough,butitishardtobesurprisedsincemanychildrenarejustmirroring(reflecting)thebehavioroftheirparents②.
[9]Mymemberstellmethatparentsoftenalsocomeintoschoolandthreaten(=frighten)staffandsomestaffhavebeenattackedbyapupil'sparents.Onefatherencouragedhischildtostartafightintheplaygroundbeforeschoolstarted.Aparentprovidedaraweggforapupiltosmash(breakintopieces)overateacher'shead.Aprimaryteacherreportedthataparent(swear->)swore(->sworn)andshoutedathim.
[10]Itiscleartomethatweneedtorebalancetheequation③.Weneedtohaveaseriousandsensible(wise,reasonable)debateabouttherolesandresponsibilitiesofparentsandthesupportthattheycanreasonablyexpectofschoolsandteachers.Onlylastweek,Estyn,theWelshOfsted,publishedareportwhichshowsthatoverthepastfiveyearstheproportionoffive-toseven-year-oldsachievinggoodlevelsofreadingandwritingskillshasstoppedrising,inbothEnglishandWelsh.
[11]Oneofthekeyreasonsforthestandstill(asituationinwhichallactivityormovementhasstopped),theinspectorsconcluded,isthatchildrenarecomingtoschoolwithpoorskillsinspeakingandlistening.Theinspectorsexhort(=persuade)schoolstodomoretoimprovetheirpupils'oralskills,butdonotquestionwhyitisthatpupilsarestartingschoolunabletoconverse(=talk)andtolisteneffectively.
[12]Justwhatishappeninginthehomesofthesechildren?
Whyaretheycomingtoschooldevelopmentallydelayed?
Childrenlearnhowtotaketurnsinaconversation,howtoaskquestions,howtoreactto(respondto/reply)whatotherssay,howtofollowinstructions,howtotelljokesthroughdoingallthesethings.TheywillnotlearnhowtobehaveassocialbeingsiftheyarestuckinfrontoftheTVforhourseveryday.Theyneedtheirparentstoshowaninterestinthemandtospendtimewiththem,helpingthemtoplaywiththeirpeers(colleagues,classmates)andtolearntherulesofsocialbehavior.
[13]Toomanychildrenstartschoolwithoutthesocialandverbalskillstobeabletotakepartin(attend)lessonsandtobehavewell.Toomanyarestartingschoolunabletoholdaknifeandfork,unusedto(benotusedtodoing)eatingatatable,unabletousethelavatory(toilet)properly.Thesechildrenwillnotbelivinginabsolutepoverty(thestateofbeingpoor).Themajoritywillbelivinginhomeswithtelevisions,computersandPlayStations④.Whattoomanyofthemdonothaveareadultswhoareprepared(ready)togivetheirtimeandenergydoingthatdifficult,butmostessentialofjobs:
raising(bringingup)theirchildrenproperly.
[14]I'vebeenaccusedofwantingtoban(prohibit)televisioninchildren'sbedrooms,whenformanyparentsatelevisionineveryroomisthemarkerthattheyhavemadeit(havesucceeded)andthattheyhaveprovidedwellfortheirchildren.Itcomestosomething⑤,Ithink,whenthemarkofgoodparentingisthe(provide->)provisionofatelevisionwhich,intoomanycases,becomesasubstituteforparenting—aconstantpacifierwhichsuppressesinteractioninthefamily.
[15]Weareindangerofbecominganationoffamilieslivingseparatelivesunderoneroof⑥.Thebedroom,onceaplacetosleep,hasbecomethelivingspacefortheyoung.Spendinghoursinfrontofcomputerscreens,onsocialnetworkingsitesorimmersedin(absorbedin)computergames,childrenandyoungpeoplespendlittletimewiththeirparentsandtheirsiblings(brothersorsisters).Parentsareunabletomonitor(supervise,control)justwhattheirchildrenarewatching.Teachersreportthatmanypupilsareexhaustedatthestartofthe
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