Presenting vocabulary.docx
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Presenting vocabulary.docx
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Presentingvocabulary
Presentingvocabulary
Thisarticlelooksatwhatneedstobetaughtwhenteachingvocabularyandwaystopresentandteachvocabulary.
•Introduction
•Whatastudentmayneedtoknowaboutanitem
•Waystopresentvocabulary
•Alternativewaysofteachingvocabulary
•Otherthingstoconsider
Introduction
WithhundredsofthousandsofwordsintheEnglishlanguage,teachingvocabularycanseemlikeaverydauntingprospect.Rememberthoughthattheaveragenativespeakerusesaroundonlyfivethousandwordsineverydayspeech.Moreover,yourstudentswon'tneedtoproduceeverywordtheylearn,sometheywilljustneedtorecognize.Selectingwhattoteach,basedonfrequencyandusefulnesstotheneedsofyourparticularstudentsisthereforeessential.Onceyouhavechosenwhattoteach,thenextimportantstepsaretoconsiderwhatstudentsneedtoknowabouttheitems,andhowyoucanteachthem.
Whatastudentmayneedtoknowaboutanitem
•Whatitmeans
Itisvitaltogetacrossthemeaningoftheitemclearlyandtoensurethatyourstudentshaveunderstoodcorrectlywithcheckingquestions.
•Theform
Studentsneedtoknowifitisaverb/anoun/anadjectiveetctobeabletouseiteffectively.
•Howitispronounced
ThiscanbeparticularlyproblematicforlearnersofEnglishbecausethereisoftennoclearrelationbetweenhowawordiswrittenandhowitispronounced.Itisveryimportanttousethephonemicscriptinsuchcasessothestshaveaclearwrittenrecordofthepronunciation.Don'tforgetalsotodrillwordsthatyouthinkwillcausepronunciationproblemsforyourstudentsandhighlightthewordstresses.
•Howitisspelt
ThisisalwaysdifficultinEnglishforthereasonmentionedabove.Remembertoclarifythepronunciationbeforeshowingthewrittenform.
•Ifitfollowsanyunpredictablegrammaticalpatterns
Forexample,man-men/information(uncountable)andifthewordisfollowedbyaparticularpreposition(e.g.dependon)
•Theconnotationsthattheitemmayhave
Bachelorisaneutral/positivewordwhereasspinsterconjuresamorenegativeimage.
•Thesituationswhenthewordisorisnotused
Isitformal/neutral/informal?
Forexample,spectacles/glasses/specs.Isitusedmainlyinspeechorinwriting?
Tosumupisusuallywrittenwhereasmindyouisspoken.Isitoutdated?
Wirelessinsteadofradio.
•Howthewordisrelatedtoothers
Forexample,synonyms,antonyms,lexicalsets.
•Collocationorthewaythatwordsoccurtogether
Youdescribethings'ingreatdetail'not'inbigdetail'andtoaskaquestionyou'raiseyourhand'youdon't'liftyourhand'.Itisimportanttohighlightthistostudentstopreventmistakesinusagelater.
•Whattheaffixes(theprefixesandsuffixes)mayindicateaboutthemeaning
Forexample,substandardsubmeaningunder.Thisisparticularlyusefulatahigherlevel.
Whichoftheseareasyouchoosetohighlightwilldependontheitemyouareteachingandthelevelofyourstudents.Nowit'stimetothinkabouthowwecangetthemeaningacross.
Waystopresentvocabulary
Therearelotsofwaysofgettingacrossthemeaningofalexicalitem.
•Illustration
Thisisveryusefulformoreconcretewords(dog,rain,tall)andforvisuallearners.Ithasitslimitsthough,notallitemscanbedrawn.
•Mime
Thislendsitselfparticularlywelltoactionverbsanditcanbefunandmemorable.
•Synonyms/Antonyms/Gradableitems
Usingthewordsastudentalreadyknowscanbeeffectiveforgettingmeaningacross.
•Definition
Makesurethatitisclear(maybecheckinalearnerdictionarybeforethelessonifyouarenotconfident).Remembertoaskquestionstochecktheyhaveunderstoodproperly.
•Translation
Ifyouknowthestudents'L1,thenitisfastandefficient.Rememberthatnoteverywordhasadirecttranslation.
•Context
Thinkofaclearcontextwhenthewordisusedandeitherdescribeittothestudentsorgivethemexamplesentencestoclarifymeaningfurther.
Againwhichyouchoosewilldependontheitemyouarepresenting.Somearemoresuitableforparticularwords.Oftenacombinationoftechniquescanbebothhelpfulandmemorable
Alternativewaysofteachingvocabulary
•Giveyourstudentsafewitemsofvocabularyandtellthemtofindthemeaning,pronunciationandwriteanexamplesentencewiththewordin.Theycanthenteacheachotheringroups.
•Prepareworksheetsandaskyourstudentstomatchwordstodefinitions.
•Askstudentstoclassifyagroupofwordsintodifferentcategories.Forexample,alistoftransportwordsintoair/sea/land.
•Askstudentstofindnewvocabularyfromreadinghomeworkandteachtheotherstudentsintheclass.
Otherthingstoconsider
•Reviewthevocabularyyouteachthroughagameoractivityandencourageyourstudentstodothesameathome
•Encourageautonomyinyourlearners.Tellthemtoread,watchfilms,listentosongsetcandnotetheusefulwords
•Haveasectionofyourboardforvocabularyitemsthatcomeupasyouareteaching.Usedifferentcoloursfortheword/thephonemics/theprepositions/thepartofspeech
•Itisagoodideatoteach/learnwordswithassociatedmeaningstogether
•Encourageyourstudentstopurchaseagooddictionaryanduseclasstimetohighlightthebenefitsofone
•Teachyourstudentsthegrammaticalnamesforthepartsofspeechandthephonemicscript
•Alwayskeepagooddictionarybyyoursideincaseastudentasksaboutawordyoudon'tknow
•Ifyoudon'tandhaveneverheardoftheword,tellthestudentyouwillcheckandgetbacktothem.Dogetbacktothem
•Giveextraexamplessentencestothestudentsiftheyareunsureandencouragethemtowritethewordinanexamplesentence(maybeforhomework)
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