无锡市高考英语专题复习阅读理解及答案.docx
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无锡市高考英语专题复习阅读理解及答案.docx
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无锡市高考英语专题复习阅读理解及答案
无锡市高考英语专题复习阅读理解(及答案)
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
ToensureanexcellentexperienceduringyourtouroftheMarkTwainHouse,herearesomeguidelinesandgeneralinformation:
TheHouseisShownOnlybyGuidedTour.
Toensureanoptimum(最佳)experience,housetoursarelimitedto14people,first-come,first-served.Ifyourgrouphasmorethan10people,call(860)280-3130toreserveadiscountedgrouptourinadvanceofyourvisit.Ifyouhaveapartyoffewerthan10peoplefeelfreetopurchaseticketsonline:
WewillholdthematWillCall.Thetourscheduleisusuallyonlineaboutamonthinadvance.
Oursiteismadeupofthreebuildings
TheWebsterBankMuseumCenterattheMarkTwainHouse&Museumisalwaysyourfirstandlaststopasithousesourticketcounter,museumstore,film,exhibitsandcafe.AlltoursgatherinthemuseumcenterbeforeheadingovertoMarkTwain'shistoric1874home.MarkTwain'shistoriccarriagehouseisthethirdbuildingonourproperty,butisgenerallynotopentothepublic.Thehayloft(干草棚)hasbeenrepurposedintoofficesandthemainfloorofthebarnisaspaceavailableforrentforpartiesandmeetings.
Coupons&Discounts
TheMarkTwainHouseoffersonlyafewcouponsanddiscounts.ThepriceyoupayforadmissionhelpsusmaintainthebeautyofthisiconofAmericanarchitecture.Ifyouareluckyenoughtofindoneofthosespecialoffersonlineoratyourlocallibrary,keepinmindtheyaregoodonlyforthegeneralMarkTwainHouseTours.Nopassesordiscountsmaybeappliedtoourspecialtytours.
(1)Whatkindoftourbookedbeforehandenjoysadiscount?
A.Specialtytour.
B.Guidedtour
C.Grouptourwith9people.
D.Grouptourwith13people.
(2)Whichplaceisnotavailabletotourists?
A.TheWebsterBankMuseumCenter.
B.MarkTwain'shistoriccarriagehouse.
C.Thehayloft.
D.MarkTwain'shistoric1874home.
(3)Whatisthepurposeofchargingadmissionfees?
A.Toearnmoremoney.
B.Towellpreservethehouse.
C.TosupportMarkTwain'sfamily.
D.Toofferpartiesandmeetings.
【答案】
(1)D
(2)B
(3)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文,介绍了参观马克·吐温故居的指南和信息。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据TheHouseisShownOnlybyGuidedTour.部分中的 "Ifyourgrouphasmorethan10people,call(860)280-3130toreserveadiscountedgrouptourinadvanceofyourvisit."可知,如果您的团体人数超过10人,请在您参观之前致电(860)280-3130预订折扣的团体游,可知,13人旅行团提前预定可以享受折扣,故选D。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据Oursiteismadeupofthreebuildings部分中的"MarkTwain'shistoriccarriagehouseisthethirdbuildingonourproperty,butisgenerallynotopentothepublic."可知,马克·吐温的马车屋是不对游客开放的,故选B。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据Coupons&Discounts部分中的"ThepriceyoupayforadmissionhelpsusmaintainthebeautyofthisiconofAmericanarchitecture."可知,你们的入场费用帮助我们保持这个美国标志性建筑——马克·吐温故居的美丽,可知,收取入场费的目的是保护好马克·吐温故居,故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇介绍类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
Alargebodyofresearchhasbeendevelopedinrecentyearstoexplainmanyaspectsofwillpower.Mostoftheresearchersexploringself-controldosowithanobviousgoalinmind:
Howcanwillpowerbestrengthened?
Ifwillpoweristrulyalimitedresource,astheresearchsuggests,whatcanbedonetomakeitstaystrong?
Avoidingtemptation(诱惑)isaneffectivemethodformaintainingself-control,whichiscalledthe"outofsight,outofmind"principle.Onerecentstudy,forinstance,foundofficeworkerslessattractedtocandyinthedeskdrawerthanthatontopoftheirdesks,inplainsight.
Theresearchsuggestingthatwepossessalimitedreservoirofself-controlraisesatroublingquestion.Whenwefacetoomanytemptations,arewetofail?
Notnecessarily.Researchersdon'tbelievethatone'swillpowerisevercompletelyexhausted.Rather,peopleappeartoholdsomewillpowerinreserve,savedforfuturedemands.Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves,allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown.Highmotivationmighthelpovercomeweakenedwillpower-atleasttoapoint.
Willpowermayalsobemadelessvulnerable(脆弱)tobeingexhaustedinthefirstplace.
Researcherswhostudyself-controloftendescribeitasbeinglikeamusclethatgetstiredwithheavyuse.Butthereisanotheraspecttothemusclecomparison,theysay.Whilemusclesbecomeexhaustedbyexerciseintheshortterm,theyarestrengthenedbyregularexerciseinthelongterm.Similarly,regularpracticesofself-controlmayimprovewillpowerstrength.
Theevidencefromwillpower-exhaustionstudiesalsosuggeststhatmakingalistofresolutionsonNewYear'sEveistheworstpossibleapproach.Beingexhaustedinoneareacanreducewillpowerinotherareas,soitmakesmoresensetofocusonasinglegoalatatime.Inotherwords,don'ttrytoquitsmoking,adoptahealthydietandstartanewexerciseplanatthesametime.Takinggoalsonebyoneisabetterapproach.Onceagoodhabitisinplace,Baumeistersays,you'llnolongerneedtodrawonyourwillpowertomaintainthebehavior.Eventuallyhealthyhabitswillbecomeroutine,andwon'trequiremakingdecisionsatall.
(1)Fromthestudiesinthepassagewelearnthat________.
A. peoplehaveunlimitedself-control
B. highmotivationensuresone'ssuccess
C. willpowerishardlycompletelyexhausted
D. toomanytemptationsoftenleadtofailure
(2)Theunderlinedphrase"tapinto"inParagraph3mostprobablymeans________.
A. makeuseof
B. runoutof
C. build
D. increase
(3)Theauthorcomparesself—controltomuscles________.
A. toprovethelong-termeffectofwillpower
B. toshowthesignificanceofregularexercise
C. toarguethatself-controlcanheeasilyusedup
D. toexplainthebenefitsofpracticingself-control
(4)Todevelopagoodhabit,whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorprefer?
A. "Iwillgiveupdessertanddoexercise."
B. "Iwillsetthreegoalsthisnewsemester."
C. "IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth."
D. "Iwillkeepmyselffromanytemptation."
【答案】
(1)C
(2)A
(3)D
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,列举了关于意志力的几种研究和观点,作者认为有了明确的目标,良好的自我监督和练习,就可以在面对诱惑时使意志力保持坚强。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“Researchersdon'tbelievethatone'swillpowerisevercompletelyexhausted.Rather,peopleappeartoholdsomewillpowerinreserve,savedforfuturedemands.”可知,研究人员不相信人的意志力会完全耗尽,他们还有备用的和为将来需求节省的意志力。
所以从文章中的研究我们了解到意志力几乎没有完全丧失。
故选C。
(2)考查词义猜测。
根据第三段中的"Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves,allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown."可知,正确的动机使我们能够利用这些储备,即使我们的自我控制能力已经被消耗殆尽,我们仍然可以继续前进。
所以通过上下文的语境,判断出"tapinto"指利用,与makeuseof同义。
故选A。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据第四段中的“Whilemusclesbecomeexhaustedbyexerciseintheshortterm,theyarestrengthenedbyregularexerciseinthelongterm.Similarly,regularpracticesofself-controlmayimprovewillpowerstrength.”可知,虽然肌肉在短期内会因运动而疲惫不堪,但长期而言,它们会通过经常锻炼而增强。
同样规律的自我控制可以提高意志力。
两者相比是为了说明同一个道理:
长期的锻炼和自我控制的好处。
所以作者把自我控制比作肌肉是为了解释自我控制的好处。
故选D。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据倒数第二段中的“Takinggoalsonebyoneisabetterapproach.Onceagoodhabitisinplace,you'llnolongerneedtodrawonyourwillpowertomaintainthebehavior.Eventuallyhealthyhabitswillbecomeroutine,andwon'trequiremakingdecisionsatall.”可知,作者认为一个接一个的制定目标是一个更好的方法。
一旦养成好习惯,你就不再需要依靠意志力来维持自己的行为。
最终健康的习惯将成为惯例,而且不需要做任何决定。
所以C项"IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth."是先设立目标,然后成为好习惯,作者更喜欢这种目标。
故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一篇教育类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Citytreesgrowfasteranddieyoungerthantreesinruralforestry,anewstudyfinds.Overtheirlifetimes,then,urbantreeswilllikelyabsorblessCO2fromtheairthahforesttrees.
Asweallknow,theearthwouldbefreezingorburninghotwithoutCO2.However,CO2isagreenhousegas,meaningittrapsenergyfromthesunas/heat.Thatmakestemperaturesnearthegroundrise.Humanactivities,especiallythewidespreadburning-offossil(化石)fuels,havebeensendingextragreenhousegasesintotheair.Thishasledtoariseinaveragetemperaturesacrosstheglobe.
StudieshadshownforestsreadilyabsorbCO2,buttherehadn'tbeenmuchdataonwhethercitytreesgrow,dieandabsorbCO2atthesamerateasforesttreesdo.Sosomeresearchersdecidedtofindout.
Tofigureouthowquicklytreesweregrowing,researcherstrackedtheirdiameters(thewidthoftheirtrunks)between2005and2014.Atree'sdiameterincreasesasitgrows,justasaperson'swaistsizeincreasesastheygainweight.Abouthalftheweightofatreeiscarbon,researchhasshown.Mostoftherestiswater.Overthenineyears'tracking,theresearchersfoundcitytreesabsorbedfourtimesasmuchcarbonfromtheairasforesttrees.However,theyweretwiceaslikelytodie.Sooverthelifetimeofeachtypeoftree,foresttreesactuallyabsorbedmoreCO2.
Citytreesgrewfasterbecausetheyhadlesscompetitionforlightfromtheirneighbors.Inaforest,treestendtogrowclosetogether,shadingtheirneighbors.Streettreesalsobenefitfromhigherlevelsofnitrogen(氮)inrainwater.Nitrogenhelpsplantsgrow.Wastegasesfromgas-burningcarsalsocontainnitrogen,thusenrichingcityairwithnitrogen.Later,rainwatermaywashmuchofittotheground.Somestreettreesmayalsohavebetteraccesstowaterthantreesinthecountrybecausetheundergroundwaterpipescanleak.
(1)WhatcanheknownaboutCO2fromparagraph2?
A. Itisoneofthesideeffectsofgreenhouses.
B. Itgreatlyacceleratestheprocessofglobalwarming.
C. Itresultsfromthewidespreadburningoffossilfuels.
D. Itpreventstheearthfrombecomingunsuitabletoliveon.
(2)Whydidresearcherstrackthediametersoftrees?
A. Toknowabouttheirgrowth
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