湖北省黄冈市届高三上学期新起点考试 英语 Word版含答案.docx
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湖北省黄冈市届高三上学期新起点考试 英语 Word版含答案.docx
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湖北省黄冈市届高三上学期新起点考试英语Word版含答案
2020届高三年级9月新起点考试
英语试卷
第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
LosAngelesismorethanjustsunshine,sea,andHollywoodstars.Ithappenstohaveaworld-classartscene,asmajormuseumsexhibitmasterpiecesthatyou'veprobablyseenprintsofinsuburbanhousesandurbanloftapartments.HerearethebestartmuseumsinLosAngeles.
TheBroad
OneofLA’snewestartmuseums,TheBroadisthecollectionofEliandEdytheBroad.The2,000-strongcollectionofpaintingsandsculptureswereallcreatedafterWorldWarIIandartistsrepresentedhereincludeAndyWarhol,BarbaraKruger,andCindySherman.BesuretobuildinsometimetowaitinlinetogetthechancetobesurprisedatYayoiKusama'samazingmirrorrooms.LocatedinDowntownLA,themuseumisfreeofchargeforvisitors.
221S.GrandSt.,LosAngeles
GettyCenter
TheGetty,aslocalscallit,gottheartworld’s(andeveryoneelse's)attentionwhentheinstitutionopenedupawhite,hilltopmuseumdesignedbyRichardMeierin1997.Visitorsaccessitviarailwayandthencanexplorethecampus,takingintheviewsofthePacificOceanononesideandDowntownLAontheother.Thecollectionisn'tasstrongasothertopartinstitutionsinLAbutworksbyVanGogh,Titian,andRenoirshouldpleasetheartlover.
1200GettyCenterDr.,LosAngeles
HammerMuseum
LocatedinWestwoodandwiththehelpofnearbyUCLA,theArmandHammerMuseumexhibitsanicecollectionofcontemporaryart.Artists’workhereincludesthatofJacksonPollock,WillemdeKooning,andSuzanneLacy.
10899WilshireBlvd.,LosAngeles
LosAngelesCountyMuseumofArt(LACMA)
ThelargestartmuseuminthewesternUnitedStates,LACMAboastsacollectionof150,000piecesofartwhichincludeallofathousandyears’stime.Well-knownartistsfromeveryperiodandpartoftheworldarerepresentedhere.HighlightsincludeworksbyConstantinBrancusi,MatthewBarney,FrankStella,Titian,Rembrandt,andMonet,amongmanyothers.
5905WilshireBlvd.,LosAngeles
21.Whichofthefollowingisfreeforvisitors?
A.GettyCenter.B.HammerMuseum.
C.LosAngelesCountyMuseumofArt.D.TheBroad.
22.HowdovisitorsusuallygettoGettyCenter?
A.Byair.B.Bytrain.C.Byship.D.Onfoot.
23.WhatdoesHammerMuseumfeature?
A.Artworksofthepresenttime.B.ExhibitsofnearbyUCLA.
C.Alonghistoryofitself.D.ArtworksofAmericanartists.
B
ThespreadofInternetlearningforhugenumbersofpeopleisleadingsomecollegestoofferMOOCs,MassiveOpenOnlineCourses.MajoruniversitieslikeStanfordinCaliforniaandHarvardinMassachusettshaveinvestedmillionsofdollarstohelplaunchMOOCs.
Thoseschoolsandothersmayhaveheardanattention-gettingprediction.ThemanwhocreatedtheMOOCserviceUdacitysaysthatinfiftyyears,onlytentraditionaluniversitieswillremainintheworld.ThatpredictioncamefromSebastianThrun,acomputerscientistprobablybestknownforhispartinmakingGoogle'sdriverlesscar.HeisstillaresearchprofessoratStanfordUniversity.ButhelefthisteachingpositionatStanfordtohelpstartUdacity,aproviderofMOOCs.
UniversitiesthatfailtojointhemovementforMOOCsmaybeworriedabouttheirchancesofsurvival.Collegesalsohopetogainmorestudentsandcutoperationalcostsinreturnfortheirinvestments.
Moody'sInvestorServicepredictsthatMOOCswillhelplarge,famousuniversitiesgainmorestudents.ItsaysschoolsthatcreatecontentforMOOCscanearnmoneybyprovidingthecoursematerialtosmallerschools.
Buttheinvestmentserviceiswarningthatsmaller,lesswell-knowncollegesmaysufferbecauseofMOOCs.Itsaysstudentsmaywanttoreceivecertificatesfrommajoruniversitiesinsteadofattendingalocaljuniorcollegethatprovidestraditionalcredits.
Recently,theUniversityofWashingtonsaiditwasthefirstAmericanuniversitytooffercreditforMOOCs,creditthatcouldbeusedtowardadegreefromtheschool.
OnecriticismofMOOCshasbeenthatmostcoursesbeingofferedareinscience,mathematicsandtechnology.Butseveralcoursesinliteraturearenowavailable.
ProfessorNelsonsays,"HowmuchMOOCswillchangecollegelifeisstillupintheair.Ihavebeenoftheopinionwhichiswhatuniversitieswillevolvetodoistostillpresentsometraditionalclasses,butthatuniversitiesinsomesensewillbeintegrated."
24.WhydosomemajorcollegesjoininprovidingMOOCs?
A.TomakeprofitsthroughInternetlearning.B.TosurviveintheInformationAge.
C.Toofferhelptoothersmallercolleges.D.Toattractmoreinvestments.
25.WhatdidSebastianThrunpredictaboutfuturecollegelife?
A.Manytraditionaluniversitieswilldisappear.
B.LectureswillbegivenbyAlratherthanprofessors.
C.Peopledon'thavetoreceiveeducation.
D.TraditionalcourseswillbeentirelyreplacedbyMOOCs.
26.WhatusedtobethedisadvantageofMOOCs?
A.Theyweredemandingforstudents.B.Theywerenotfriendlytostudentsofarts.
C.Theywerenotacknowledgedbymostcolleges.D.Theywereexpensiveforstudentstouse.
27.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?
A.Moretraditionalcourseswillbegivenincolleges.
B.Studentsfromdifferentuniversitieswillstudytogether.
C.TheimpactofMOOCsoncollegelifeisnotsure.
D.ProfessorNelsonisnotinfavorofMOOCs.
C
WilliamPhelpsEno(1858-1945)wasaninternationallyrecognizedpioneerintrafficcontrolandregulation.Namedthe"FatherofTrafficSafety,"'EnodevelopedthefirsttrafficplansformajorcitiesincludingNewYork,London,andParis,andiscreditedwithhelpingtoinventandpopularizestopsigns,taxistands,pedestriansafetyislands,andothertrafficfeaturescommonlyusedthroughouttheworld.
Enostartedoutinhisfamily'srealestatebusiness,buthisinterestintransportationledhimtoconcentratehissparetimeontrafficreform.In1899,attheageof40,heleftrealestatebehindanddevotedtherestofhislifetoputhisconceptsfororderlytransportationintopractice.His"RulesoftheRoad,"adoptedbyNewYorkCityin1909,becametheworld'sfirstcitytrafficplan.Healsowrotethefirst-evermanualofpolicetrafficregulations.
Enograduallyembracedmultimodaltransportationinterests.HedevelopedaplanforsubwaysinNewYorkCitylongbeforeanyoneelseseriouslyconsideredtheconcept.Healsobecameinterestedinmaritimeactivities,supportedrailroaddevelopment,andstartedresearchinthe1920sonthefutureimpactofaviation(航空).
Enodiedin1945attheageof86.Ironically,heneverdroveacarduringhislifetime.TheFatherofTrafficSafety,anenthusiastichorsebackrider,distrustedautomobiles.
In1921,WilliamP.Enocreatedacorporationwhosepurposewastocontinuehislifetime'swork-thepromotionofsafetyonroadsandhighways.HesponsoredtheFoundationandbegantheworkofattractingothertransportationexpertsandspecialistsinordertoprovideaforumforunbiaseddiscussionsthatwouldleadtoimprovementsinthemovementofpeopleandgoods.
Since1921,theFoundationhasundergonemanychanges.WhatbeganasaFoundationforHighwayTrafficRegulationhasnowbecomeanindependent,non-profitthinktankthatworksinfederaltransportationpolicyandtransportationleadershipdevelopment.WhathasnotchangedisEno'sconstantpresenceintheworldoftransportation.
28.ForwhatisWilliamPhelpsEnowell-knowntothewholeworld?
A.Hispioneeringworkinensuringtrafficsafety.B.Hisdesignofalltrafficsigns.
C.Hisresearchoverthediversityoftransportation.D.Hiscontributionininventingcars.
29.Whenwasthefirstcitytrafficplanlaunched?
A.In1909.B.In1921.C.In1945.D.In1899.
30.Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplace"ironically"inthefourthparagraph?
A.Humorously.B.Simply.C.Unexpectedly.D.Fortunately.
31.WhatroledoestheFoundationcreatedbyWilliamplaynow?
A.Promotingimprovementsinfederaltransportation.
B.Sponsoringthepoorwhodon'thavecars.
C.Hostinginternationalforumsforexpertsandspecialists.
D.Maintainingsafetyonroadsandhighways.
D
I'vebeeneatingahigh-Fat,carbohydrate(碳水化合物)-restricteddietforalmost20years,sinceIstartedasanexperimentwheninvestigatingnutritionresearchforthejournalScience.Ifind’seasyformetokeepahealthyweightwhenIeatthisway.Butevenaftertwodecades,thefeelingofbeingontheedgeofaslipperyslopeisever-present.
Researchersaregenerallydividedonwhyweoftenfailtostayondietsandwhatcausesobesity.Theconventionalthinking,heldbythelargeproportionofthemanyresearchers,isthatobesityisan"energybalance"disorder,andsothetreatmentistoconsumelessenergy(fewercalories)andspendmore.Whenwefailtokeepthisprescription,itsuggeststhatwesimplylackwillpower.
Theminoritypositioninthisfield—onethatDr.Ludwigholds,asdoIafteryearsofreporting—isthatobesityisactuallyahormonal(激素的)regulatorydisorder,andthehormonethatcontrolsthisprocessisinsulin(胰岛素).Itsignalsfatcellstogatherfat,whiletellingtheothercellsinourbodytobumcarbohydratesforfuel.Bythisthinkingthesecarbohydrates,particularlygrains,knownashighGIcarbs,aswellassugarsarelikelytomakeyoufat.
"Raiseinsulinlevelsevenalittle",saysDr.RobertLustig,aprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,"andthebodyswitchesoverfromburningfatforfueltoburningcarbohydrates.Oncepeoplewhoare'carboholics'gettheirinsulinlevelsdown,theybecomelesscarboholic.Andiftheystarteatingcarbs,theygorightbacktowheretheywerebefore."ResearcherslikeDr.Ludwig
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