最新高考英语 阅读提速练五.docx
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最新高考英语 阅读提速练五.docx
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最新高考英语阅读提速练五
阅读提速练(五)
时间:
40分钟
阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
A
(2018·福州市高三毕业班适应性练习)
NohumanhassetfootontheMoonsince1972.Now,aftermorethanfourdecadesofinactivity,interestinputtinghumansbackontheMoonisfinallyheatingupagain.Butwhowillgettherefirst?
CHINA
On14December2013,ChinasuccessfullylandeditsJadeRabbitrover(探测车)ontheMoon.Itisnowworkingonitsnextexplorationmission.NamedChang'e4,themissionisscheduledtotouchdownintheAitkenBasinneartheendof2018.Ifsuccessful,itwillbethefirstlandingontheMoon'sfarside.
RUSSIA
RussiaplansamannedMoonlandingin2030.ItiscurrentlyworkingonaprojectwhoseideaisthatthelanderswillexplorethesouthpoleoftheMoon,exploringforresourcessuchasmineralsandwatericetobeusedtoprovideforahumanoutpost(前哨站).
INDIA
FollowingthesuccessofitsChandrayaan1in2008,Indiaannouncedafollowonmission.Chandrayaan2wasmeanttocooperatewithRussia.ButwhentheRussiansfailedtodeliverthepromisedlanderin2013,Indiadecidedtogoitalone.Chandrayaan2isabouttobesentupin2018.
USA
InDecember2018,NASAplanstosenduptheExplorationMission1,anuncrewedtestoftheirOrionastronautcapsuleinwhichthecraftwillcirclearoundtheMoonbeforereturningtoEarth.Allbeingwell,acrewedcapsulewillfollowin2023.Shouldthemissionproveasuccess,theastronautswillbethefirsthumanstoseethefarsideoftheMoonwiththeirowneyessinceApollo17in1972.
1.WhatwillChinadoinitsnextspacemission?
A.ImproveitsJadeRabbitrover.
B.Workwithothercountries.
C.LandChang'e4ontheMoon.
D.ExplorethesouthpoleoftheMoon.
2.WhydidIndiatrytocarryoutitsfollowonmissionalone?
A.Itcouldn'tfindapartner.
B.Itdidn'tgetthelanderasplanned.
C.TheRussiansrefusedtoworkwithIndia.
D.ItplannedtolaunchChandrayaan2inadvance.
3.WhichcountryisinterestedinresourcesontheMoon?
A.Russia. B.China.
C.India.D.USA.
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了中国、俄罗斯、印度和美国的登月计划。
【难句分析】ItiscurrentlyworkinganaprojectwhoseideaisthatthelanderswillexplorethesouthpoleoftheMoon,exploringforresourcessuchasmineralsandwatericetobeusedtoprovideforahumanoutpost(前哨站).
分析:
该句为主从复合句。
句中whoseideaisthatthelanderswillexplorethesouthpoleoftheMoon,exploringforresourcessuchasmineralsandwatericetobeusedtoprovideforahumanoutpost(前哨站)为whose引导的定语从句,修饰先行词aproject;该定语从句中含有that引导的表语从句。
译文:
当前(俄罗斯)正启动一项工程,其思路是登陆器将探索月球的南极,寻找矿物质和水冰等资源以供人类前哨站使用。
1.C 考查细节理解。
根据第二段第三句“NamedChang'e4,themissionisscheduledtotouchdownintheAitkenBasinneartheendof2018”可知,嫦娥四号将在2018年底降落在月球AitkenBasin地区。
据此可知,中国的下一步空间计划是嫦娥四号登月,故C项正确。
根据第三段第二句“ItiscurrentlyworkingonaprojectwhoseideaisthatthelanderswillexplorethesouthpoleoftheMoon”可知,探索月球南极是俄罗斯的计划,而不是中国的计划,故D项错误;A、B项文中没有提及。
2.B 考查细节理解。
根据第四段第三句“ButwhentheRussiansfailedtodeliverthepromisedlanderin2013,Indiadecidedtogoitalone”可知,由于俄罗斯没能给印度提供着陆器,故印度决定自己实施登月计划,故B项正确。
根据第四段第二句“Chandrayaan2wasmeanttocooperatewithRussia”可知,印度Chandrayaan2任务计划和俄罗斯合作完成,故A项错误;根据第四段第三句可知,俄罗斯没能给印度提供着陆器,而不是拒绝合作,故C项错误;D项文中没有提及。
3.A 考查细节理解。
根据第三段第二句“ItiscurrentlyworkingonaprojectwhoseideaisthatthelanderswillexplorethesouthpoleoftheMoon,exploringforresourcessuchasmineralsandwatericetobeusedtoprovideforahumanoutpost(前哨站)”可知,当前俄罗斯正启动一项工程,其思路是登陆器将探索月球的南极,寻找矿物质和水冰等资源以供人类前哨站使用。
故A项正确。
B
(2018·云南高三年级八校跨区调研考试)
Ifourkidsdon'tfall,theydon'tlearntogetup.Istillrememberthedayinhighschoolthatmymomforgottopickmeupfromschool.I'mtheoldestoffourchildren,andnodoubtshe'dhadalongdaywiththeotherkidsandit'dslippedhermind.Afterwaitingatschoolforanhour,Iwalkedthethreemileshome,andwhenIgottomyhouse,Ishutourfrontdoorwithanger,stormedintothekitchenandscreamedinmymom'sfacethatshe'dforgottenme.
Laterthatnight,mydadtoldmeInolongerhadaridetoschoolthenextday.Ifiguredmymomwouldstilltakeme,butwhenthemorningcame,sherefused.Itwasmidterm,andasastraightAstudentreadytostartcollegeapplications,beinglatewasn'tanoption.Inmymind,missingthesetestswouldhavebeentheendofmyacademiccareer.Ibeggedmymom.ItoldhershewasruiningmyfutureandeverythingI'dworkedfor.Butsheheld_her_ground,andthatday,Iwalkedtoschool.AndImissedmytests.
Mymomdidn'trescuemefromfailure.Sheletmesufferfromit.Sheletmefigureitout.Sheletmelearn.Now,asamommyself,I'verealizedthatIwantmykidstoexperiencefailurebecausefailureishowwegrow,learnandthinkoutsideofourselves.It'showweselfeducatetolearnwhat'srightandrespectable,andwhat'snot.It'showwebecomeresponsibleandenthusiastic.
Fallingdownmakesusbetter,becausewelearnhowtogetup.
4.Whydidtheauthorshoutathermother?
A.Becauseshewastiredafterwalkinghome.
B.Becauseshemissedsomeimportanttests.
C.Becausehermotherhadruinedherfuture.
D.Becausehermotherdidn'tpickheruphome.
5.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutherexperiencenow?
A.Disappointed.B.Merciful.
C.Beneficial.D.Embarrassed.
6.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“heldherground”inParagraph2mean?
A.Stucktoherdecision.
B.Gaveintome.
C.Saidyestome.
D.Stayedintheplace.
7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A.OfferYourKidsHelpifNecessary
B.StopRescuingYourKidsfromFailure
C.BeResponsibleforYourKids'Failure
D.TrytoMeetYourKids'Demands
【解题导语】本文作者通过亲身体会告诉我们:
失败让我们变得更好,因为我们在失败中学会成长。
【难句分析】Now,asamommyself,I'verealizedthatIwantmykidstoexperiencefailurebecausefailureishowwegrow,learnandthinkoutsideofourselves.
分析:
这是一个复合句。
本句含有that引导的宾语从句;because引导原因状语从句,how引导表语从句。
译文:
现在,作为一个母亲,我意识到我想让我的孩子经历失败,因为失败是我们如何成长、学习和思考的一个过程。
4.D 考查细节理解。
根据第一段的“Afterwaitingatschoolforanhour,Iwalkedthethreemileshome,andwhenIgottomyhouse,Ishutourfrontdoorwithanger,stormedintothekitchenandscreamedinmymom'sfacethatshe'dforgottenme”可知,作者在学校等了一个小时,后来自己走回了家,因此她对妈妈没有去学校接她非常生气。
故选D。
5.C 考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“Now,asamommyself,I'verealizedthatIwantmykidstoexperiencefailurebecausefailureishowwegrow,learnandthinkoutsideofourselves”说明作者现在认为她之前的经历对她是有益的(Beneficial)。
6.A 考查词义猜测。
根据第二段的“Butshehelp_her_ground,andthatday,Iwalkedtoschool”中But的转折意味以及后面作者仍然走着去上学可知,妈妈仍坚持她的观点,没有送作者去上学。
7.B 考查标题判断。
根据第三段和第四段的叙述,尤其是第三段的“Mymomdidn'trescuemefromfailure”及“Iwantmykidstoexperiencefailurebecausefailureishowwegrow,learnandthinkoutsideofourselves”可知,B项最适合做文章标题。
A项“如果有必要,给你的孩子提供帮助”与D项“尽力满足你孩子的要求”均与文章内容相悖。
C项“对你孩子的失败负责”是年少时作者对妈妈的不满。
C
(2018·江西名校联盟检测)
Foroveracentury,theNashuaRiverinMassachusettsprovidedpowerformills(工厂),whichgavejobstothousandsofpeople.Overtheyears,thesepaper,cotton,wood,andwoolenmillshaddumpedtheirwasteintoitswaters.
Bythe1960s,theNashuaRiverwasaboutaspollutedasanyrivercouldget.Itswatersranredorgreenorbluewithdye(染料)frompapermillssituatedonitsbanks.Thefumes(烟)fromthisdyeblackenedpaintonthebuildingsneartheriver.
ThenalongcameMarionStoddartwithasimplebutoverwhelmingidea—cleanuptheNashua.Thiswasnoonewomancampaign.Stoddartencouragedthepapermillsandthebusinesscommunitytoformpartnershipstoreclaimtheriver.Shecarriedjarsofdirtyriverwatertolocalofficialstodemonstratetheseriousnessoftheproblem.Stoddarttalkedwithbusinessleadersabouteconomicproblems.Shetalkedwithenvironmentalistsaboutthelongtermproblemsofpollution.
StoddartknewthattheStateWaterPollutionControlBoardwouldhavethefinalsayonforcingthecleanup.Whenshespoketotheboard,sheinsistedthattheNashuashouldbemadesafeforswimming.Theythoughthergoalswereunrealistic.
However,thepartnershipsStoddarthadhelpedformandthevolunteerswhoweredrawntohercausenevergaveup.Theyallrealizedthatcleaninguptheriverwasineveryone'sbestinterests.By1993,severalwatertreatmentplantshadbeenbuilt,andaconservationareacalleda“greenway”hadbeencreatedalongthebanksoftheriver.
Todaymillsarestilloperatingalongtheriver,buttherearealsofishintheriver.TheNashuaRiverwelcomesboaters,naturalists,andevenswimmers.Noneofthiswouldhavebeenpossiblewithoutawomanofvisionandacommunityworkingtogether.
8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reclaim”referto?
A.Rescue.B.Enlarge.
C.Monitor.D.Explore.
9.What'stheboard'sattitudetoStoddart'sgoalofimprovingtheriver?
A.Supportive.B.Doubtful.
C.Neutral.D.Cautious.
10.WhatkindofpersonisMarionStoddart?
A.Independentandbroadminded.
B.Determinedandfarsighted.
C.Intelligentandcreative.
D.Stubbornandproud.
11.Whatmessageisconveyedthroughthenoonewomancampaign?
A.It'llbeallrightonthenight.
B.Preventionisbetterthancure.
C.Manyhandsmakelightwork.
D.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.
【解题导语】本文讲的是MarionStoddart如何联合个体、团体和政府部门共同治理河水污染。
【难句分析】Noneofthiswouldhavebeenpossiblewithoutawomanofvisionandacommunityworkingtogether.
分析:
本句用了虚拟语气。
Noneofthiswouldhavebeenpossible表示与过去事实相反的情况,without引出虚拟条件。
译文:
如果没有一个具有远见卓识的女人和一个一起努力的团体,所有这一切都是不可能的。
8.A 考查词义猜测。
结合语境及上下文中出现的“cleanuptheNashua”“thecleanup”“cleaninguptheriver”等信息可知,此处指的应是河流治理方面的内容,由此可推知画线词的意思应是“改造”,与A项意思相近,故选A。
9.B 考查观点态度。
根据第四段中的“Whenshespoketotheboard...Theythoughthergoalswereunrealistic”可知,该委员会认为Stoddart改善河流状况的目标不切实际,即是持怀疑的态度的,故选B。
10.B 考查推理判断。
根据文章第三、四段中对Stoddart为了改善河流状况东奔西走的描述及最后一段中的“awomanofvision”可知,MarionStoddart是一个有决心和有远见卓识的人。
故选B。
11.C 考查推理判断。
通读全文可知,改善纳舒厄河被污染的现状并不是Stoddart一个人的战斗,她还积极地联合个体、团体和政府部门共同治理河水污染,并最终收到成效。
由此可知,C项“人多好办事,众人拾柴火焰高”符合题意。
A项意为“车到山前必有路”;B项意为“预防
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