词汇学论文.docx
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词汇学论文
LexicalAnalysisofBigBankTheory
--------takeSheldonandPennyforexamples
二级学院:
外国语学院
专业:
英语教育
年级:
2010级
学号:
2010154505
作者姓名:
陈楚倩
指导教师:
梁亮老师
完成日期:
2012年06月18日
论文成绩:
Contents
1.Introduction1
2.SocialbackgroundinformationofSheldonandPenny1
3.Atthelevelofword-formation2
3.1Compounding2
3.2Derivation2
3.3Conversion3
3.4Summary3
4.Atthelevelofloanword3
5.Atthelevelofspokenlanguageandslang4
6.Conclusion5
LexicalAnalysisofBigBankTheory
--------takeSheldonandPennyforexamples
ChenChuqian
ForeignLanguageSchool,ZhanjiangNormalUniversity,Zhanjiang,524048China
Abstract:
Recentyears,theUSprevalentsitcomTheBigBankTheorybecomesmoreandmorepopularasitsfivevividcharactersandhumorouslanguages.Themassesevenstarttousemanyfacetiouswordsintheirdailylife.Fromtheaspectoflexicology,thedramaticdialoguesexpresstheusageofword-formation,theusageofloanwords,spokenlanguageandslangwell.Therefore,thispaperwillcontrastthetalentedsciencecrackpotSheldon’swiththebeautifulactressandwaitressPenny’swordsformthethreeaspectsofword-formation,loanwords,spokenlanguageandslang,combiningwiththeireachsocialbackgrounds,whicharetoanalyzetherelationshipsofthesetwocompletedifferentmajorcharacters’lexicalfeatures.
Keywords:
Sheldon;Penny;Lexicology;socialbackground;threeaspects;Lexicalfeature
关于《生活大爆炸》的词汇分析
——以人物Sheldon与Penny为例
作者陈楚倩指导教师梁亮老师
(湛江师范学院外语院,湛江524048)
摘要:
近年来热播的美国情景喜剧《生活大爆炸》凭借其个性鲜明的5位主演和幽默的语言赢得了大众的关注,剧中角色的许多幽默台词更是延伸到了大众的日常生活中。
从词汇学的角度上看,剧中角色的对白在构词法的使用,外来词的使用以及各口语、俚语的表达上都有很好的体现。
因此,本论文将以“科学怪人及天才”Sheldon和美女演员兼餐厅侍应Penny两个截然不同的人物的语言为对比,结合他们各自社会背景,从构词法,外来词,口语及俚语三方面的使用上进行探究,分析两位主演人物的词汇特征。
关键词:
SheldonPenny;词汇学;社会背景;三方面;词汇特征
1.Introduction
Englishlexicologyisabranchoflinguisticsfocusingonthestudyofalotofaspectsaboutfundamentalwordsconceptsabout“word”,“morpheme”and“word-formation”.Formthelexicology,weusuallycangetinformationwhichismorethantheliteralmeaningofthewords,suchasthespeakers’characteristics,thesocialbackgroundofthespeakers,andsoon.AndthedramaticdialoguesinBigBankTheoryexpresstheusageofword-formation,theusageofloanwords,spokenlanguageandslangwell.Inordertogiveamorevividexplanationtolexicology,thispaperwillusetwopopularandtypicalcharacters---SheldonandPennyasarepresentation,toanalyzewhattheysayandthefurtheraspectsoftheirwordsviathethreeaspectsofword-formation,loanwords,spokenlanguageandslang.Sowecanhaveafurtherunderstandtolexicology.
2.SocialbackgroundinformationofSheldonandPenny
TobeginwithSheldon,atalentedsciencecrackpot,whoisaccomplishedinquantumphysicsbutseemslikeanewbornforhisdailylifeandinterpersonalrelationship,healwaysmakesothers“mad”----Hehastositinthesamesite,dothingsatthespecificallytime,callthreetimesofsomeone’snamewhenheknockstheone’sdoorandevenweardifferentbutgivenpajamaseverynight.Also,heissoconceitedthatherejectstobelieveotherstobesmarterthanhim.Butheislovelybecauseofhiscandor.Accordingtohischaracteristic,Sheldonusuallyblurtsoutalotofprofessionalsciencewordsthatarehardforcommonpeopletounderstandwhenhetalkstoothers,suchas“mitosis”,“photon”,and“particleoflight”,buthealsousesmanyidioticwordswhenhemeetsdifficultinhisdailylife.
Onthecontrary,Pennyisanormalgirlamongthesetalentedguys,notonlyhereducationallevelbutalsoherIQ,sosheusuallycannotunderstandtheprofessionaljargonsSheldonsaysandneedsexplanation.ThatmakesdialoguesbetweenPennyandSheldonveryinteresting.Inotherwords,Penny’swordsaremajorityofspokenEnglishandeasyforspectatorstocatch.And,ladieswordsareusuallymoremildandeuphemistic.
AccordingtotheanalysisofSheldon’sandPenny’sbackgrounds,wecangenerallyknowtheirwordstylesandnow,thispaperwillgiveafurtheranalysisfromthelexicallevelviathetwoappendixesfollowing.
3.Atthelevelofword-formation
Asasubject,word-formationisthatbranchoflexicologywhichstudiesthepatternsonwhichalanguage,inthiscasetheEnglishlanguage,coinsnewwords.Compounding,derivation,andconversionarethethreemajortypesofword-formationincontemporaryEnglish.
3.1Compounding
Firstly,compounding,thisconsistsofcombiningtwoormorewordsintoonewhichnowexpressesasingleideaandfunctionsasaseparatelexicalunit.Forexample,“headache”from“theheadaches”,“dressmaking”from“tomakedress”and“moonwalk”from“awalkonthemoon”.Concretely,intheappendix1,“snickerdoodles”;inappendix2,“slipcover”,“dry-clean”and“hummingbird”aretheexamplesofcompounding.
LikePennycallsSheldon“hummingbird”,thenouncompounds,whichconsistofthecharacteristicsofhumming----busyandbird---noisy,todescribethatSheldonistiresomeandclamorousvividly.ThiswordsimplyexpressesPenny’simpatiencetoSheldon.
3.2Derivation
Secondly,derivation.Theprocessofderivationoraffixationformsnewwordsbytheadditionofawordelement,suchasaprefix,suffixorcombiningform,toanalreadyexistingword.
TherearetoomanywordsofderivationinEnglish,Likebe-,en-,un-inprefixand–ful,-ify,and–lessinsuffixation.Forexample,“homeless”inappendix1,“certainly”,“comfortable”inappendix2aretheexpressionofderivation.
3.3Conversion
Thirdly,it’sconversion.Itmeansthetransferofawordfromoneword-classtoanother.Theconvertedwordsarenewnotinformbutinfunction.Byfunctionalshift,anoldnounmaycometobeusedasanewverb.Forexample,“radio”in“toradio”ofNoun→verbconversion;“cry”in“togiveacry”ofVerb→noun,andsoon.
Inappendix1,Pennysays:
“Iwantadivorce.”Here,divorceisaverb→nounconversion,similarly,Pennyuses“haveatry”inappendix2.ItisverycommontouseconversioninEnglish.Butgenerally,PennyusesmoreconversionthanSheldonbecauseinTheBigBankTheory,PennyisanormalAmericangirl,herthoughtandlanguagearehavenodifferencetootherpeoplewhileSheldon,whosebrainisfilledwithscienceknowledgeandishighlyeducational,hasthetendencytousemoreformalexpression.
3.4Summary
Aboveall,differentpeoplehavedifferenttendenciesintheusageofword-formation.Peoplecanusetheword-formationtoexpresstheirfeelingsindifferentwaysandmakewordsmorevividandinteresting.Onthecontrary,theusageofword-formationreflectstheuser’scharacteristic.UsingwordsskillfullymakesthecharactersofPennyandSheldonlifelike!
4.Atthelevelofloanword
Thoseborrowedfromotherlanguagesareloanwords,forexample,“literature”,“penalty”,“reservoir”arefromFrench;“Zinc”,“hinterland”,“kindergarten”arefromGerman;“falsetto”,“solo”,“tempo”arefromItalian.Mostoftheseloanwordshavebeenperfectlynaturalizedinusage;theyarenolongerfelttobealiens.Liketheysay“towineanddine”intheBigBankTheory.
Buttherearewordsborrowedformforeignlanguagewithoutanychangeinsoundandspelling.Thesetypesofwordsareusuallyusedinsomespecificoccasions,suchasterminologyofprofessionalfields,diplomacy,namesofforeignplaces,formalwrittenlanguage,andsoon.
Therefore,loanwordsinBigBankTheoryarealmostspokenbySheldonandtheotherthreetalents.Pennywon’tusesuchkindofwordsbecausetheyaretooprofessionaltoher.
Forinstance,Sheldonalwaysemphasizes“espritdecorps”whenheplaysonlinegamewithLeonard,Pennyjustsays“teamwork”,Sheldonuses“persinanon-grata”todescribePennywhenhethinkssheannoyshiminsteadofusing“unpopular”.Moreover,Sheldonusuallyblurtsoutalotofprofessionalsciencewords,manyofthemareloanwords:
acousticelectronsspinresonance,alexandritelaser,algebraicpolynomial…
ButtherearealsomanydailyloanwordsintheTVplay,likethenamesoftheIndianfood,Chinesefoodandplaceofinterest.Thelargeusageofloanwordsisthesymbolofthe“EarthVillage”,anditalsoreflectsdifferenteducationallevelandculturedifferenceofpeopletosomeextent.Fromthelexicology,theusageofloanwordsfitsSheldonandPenny’scharacteristic.
5.Atthelevelofspokenlanguageandslang
DifferentfromthewrittenEnglish,thespokenlanguageandslangseemlessformalbuttheyaremoreinterestingandapproachable.Therefore,TVplaysusuallylovetousethem.
TherearesomanyusagesintheBigBankTheory’sdialogues,especiallyinPenny’sdialogues.
Taketheappendix1and2forexamples,Penny’ssentencesandwordslike“Youreading,mereading”,“Whatname?
”“Yeah”,“takeiteasy”,“Yello”,“Okay”,“Nope”…Allofthemaresimpleandpellucid;itfitsPenny’sfeatureandeducationwell.ComparingwithPenny,Sheldon’swordsarerecondite.Forinstance,Sheldonsays:
“Itis.Alignsthelumbar,cradlesthecoccyx,andbalancesthebuttocks.Thisisachairworthyofthename.”Thecomplexsentencejustexpressesthathefeelsverycomfortableinthechair.ButthisissatisfiedtoSheldon’sweirdness.WhenputPenny’swordsandSheldon’swordstogether,wewillfinditisveryinterestingandhumorous;thisisthelexicalcharmofusageofspokenlanguage.
Besides,thereisawonderfuldialoguebetweenSheldonandPennyinappendix2-----SheldonwantstopersuadePennytothrowherchair.EverybeginningSheldonuses“Penny.Penny.Penny.”AndPennyuses“Yello”“What'sup,buttercup?
”“What'stheword,hummingbird?
”and“What'sthegist,physicist?
”toanswerhim.TheseslangsanddifferentappellationshowPennyisannoyedbySheldonandsheistryi
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