四级作文讲义.docx
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四级作文讲义.docx
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四级作文讲义
四级作文讲义
(第1,2章内容参阅PPT文档)
重点:
段落层面:
六种功能段落
1.现象描述2.危害分析3.原因分析
4.建议措施5.观点阐述(利弊)6.意义阐述
第三章模板提炼过程
本章通过阅读评卷实例,我们来找出高分作文的特征,同时讲解模板句式的提炼过程。
高分作文实例:
英文题目:
Bicycles——AnImportantMeansofTransportinChina
汉语提纲:
(1)为什么自行车在中国这样普及
(2)和汽车的比较
(3)自行车在中国的前途
模版的提炼过程:
思路和表达
*首段原文:
BicyclesareverypopularinChina.Almosteveryfamilyinthecityhastwoorthreebicycles.Duringtherushhour,youcanseethatthousandsofpeople--manandwoman,oldandyoung--ridetheirbicyclestoworkandstudy.ThatiswhyChinaiscalled“thekingdomofbicycles”.
单复数错误:
manandwomanmenandwomen
词性误用:
oldandyoungtheoldandtheyoung
专有名词:
第一个和最后一个单词首字母大写,其他:
实词(名动形副代数)首字母大写;虚词(介连冠)首字母不大写。
3.1模板句式提炼1(自我复习,答案参阅PPT)
原句:
BicyclesareverypopularinChina.
词性转化:
popular
首句升级:
练习:
2011-06:
现在网上购物已成为一种时尚
2010-06:
如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写
2009-12:
建设绿色校园很重要
2009-06:
越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么?
2008-12:
一次性塑料袋曾经广泛使用
2008-06:
娱乐活动多种多样
首句升级的第二种形式:
简单句(BicyclesareverypopularinChina.)
长难句:
在我眼中你最美!
Inmyeyes,youarethemostbeautiful.
Inmyeyes,nooneismorebeautifulthanyou.
提炼高分句式:
双重否定:
结构:
No___is/aremore____than___.
原句:
BicyclesareverypopularinChina.
InChina,nomeansoftransportismorepopularandimportantthanbicycles.
练习:
我能想到最浪漫的事就是和你一起变老。
3.2模板句式提炼2
原句:
Almosteveryfamilyinthecityhastwoorthreebicycles.
*调查法描述:
Basedonarecentreport,amajorityofChinesefamiliesinthecitiesacknowledgethattheyhavetwoorthreebicycles.
练习:
2011-06:
现在网上购物已成为一种时尚
*…BasedonarecentreportbyChinaDaily,72.34%ofyoungpeoplereckonthattheyhavepurchasedclothes,booksandotheritemsonTaobao,Dangdang,AmazonandGroup-buyingwebsites.
*2010-06:
如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写
*However,accordingtoarecentsurvey,agreatmanylearnersadmitthattheypaylessattentiontowordsspelling.
*2009-06:
越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么?
*Basedonaninvestigation,amajorityofvisitorsreckonthatbyvisitingmuseumsfreely,theyacquirerichknowledgeonhistory,militaryandcustoms.
*2008-12:
一次性塑料袋曾经广泛使用
*Asarecentreportsreveals,amajorityofresidentsacknowledgethattheyhavebeenusingthesebagstotakefood,booksandmanyothergoods.
*2008-06:
娱乐活动多种多样
*Accordingtoarecentsurvey,amajorityoffolksadmitthattheyparticipateinmorerecreationalactivities:
traveling,sports,watchingTVormoviesandsurfingtheInternet.
3.3提炼句式提炼3
原句:
Duringtherushhour,youcanseethatthousandsofpeople--manandwoman,oldandyoung--ridetheirbicyclestoworkandstudy.
模板句式:
Duringtherushhour,itcanbenoticedthatthousandsofpeople–menandwomen,theoldandtheyoung-ridebicyclestoworkandstudy.
*练习:
2011-06:
现在网上购物已成为一种时尚
*Everyday,itcanseenthatthousandsofpeople–menandwomen,theoldandtheyoung–shoponlinetobuyvariousgoods.
2009-06:
越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么?
Ontheweekends,itcanbenoticedthathundredsofpeople–menandwomen,theoldandtheyoung–visitmuseumstoseetheexhibits.
请背诵首段现象描述(正面)
InChina,bicycleshavegainedgreatpopularityamongChinesepeople.Basedonareport,amajorityofresidentsinthecitiesacknowledgethattheyhavetwoorthreebicycles.Duringtherushhour,itcanbenoticedthatthousandsofpeople–menandwomen,theoldandtheyoung-ridebicyclestoworkandstudy.
第二段原文
Comparedwithcars,bicyclesaresuperiorinmanyways.First,theyarecheap,convenientandeasytoride.Second,ridingbicycleisgoodforhealth.Third,theybringnonoisenorairpollution.Though(转)carsarefasterandmorecomfortable,theyaretooexpensive.Theyconsumeplentyofoilandtheypollutetheair.Sometimes,itisdifficultforadrivertoparkhiscar.Moreovertheyoftencausetrafficjamsandaccidents.
第二段前半部分:
支持:
利
Comparedwithcars,bicyclesaresuperiorinmanyways.First,theyarecheap,convenientandeasytoride.Second,ridingbicycleisgoodforhealth.Third,theybringnonoisenorairpollution.
3.4写作常用理由积累
分词结构开头:
comparedwithcars;besuperiorto=优于;beinferiorto=低于
层次与逻辑:
first,second,third,moreover
用于比较的模板句式1:
Comparedwithcars,bicyclesaresuperiorinmanyways.
11-06:
第2个提纲:
网上购物有很多好处,但也有不少问题
Comparedwithshoppingindepartments,onlineshoppingissuperiorinmanyways.
Comparedwith=Incomparisonwith
请笔记:
常用理由:
①便宜:
cheap/economical/inexpensive
如:
First,itisinexpensivetobuybooksorfilmticketsonline.
2方便:
convenient/convenience/inconvenience
如:
Second,thismeansofshoppingbringsusgreatconvenience.
③对…有益:
begood/beneficial/rewardingfor
3.5转折模板句式提炼:
原句:
Though(转)carsarefasterandmorecomfortable,theyaretooexpensive.
欲抑先扬:
Though/Although+优点,+缺点(弊)
请练习Though让步状语从句进行转折
2011-06:
网上购物有很多好处,但也有不少问题
Thoughonlineshoppingisbeneficial,itcarriessomerisks.
*2009-06:
1.越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么?
*2.也会带来一些问题
*Althoughfreeadmissionisconvenientandbeneficial,itdoescausesomeproblems.
*2008-12:
使用一次性塑料袋带来的问题
*Althoughthesebagsareconvenientandinexpensive,theyresultinsomenegativeimpacts.
*2008-06:
娱乐可能使人们受益,也可能有危害性
*Althoughtheseactivitiesarerewarding,theygeneratecertainnegativeinfluences.
第二段后半部分:
Theyconsumeplentyofoilandtheypollutetheair.Sometimes,itisdifficultforadrivertoparkhiscar.Moreovertheyoftencausetrafficjamsandaccidents.
笔记:
consume:
time/energy/money
*如:
ChoosingorselectingitemsintheInternetconsumesplentyoftimeandenergy.
第三段:
我的看法
*Inmyopinion,thefutureofbicycleisverypromising.SinceChinaisadevelopingcountryandhasalargepopulation,Ithink,ridingbicycleisappropriatetoChinesepresentconditions.Itwillbeanimportantmeansoftransportationforquitealongtime.
3.6观点模板提炼
原句:
Inmyopinion,thefutureofbicycleisverypromising.
*Iamconvincedthatthefutureofbicycleisverypromising.
*whatconvincesmeisthat…
3.7高分特征
*a.内容相关(切题即可)
*b.结构清晰(新闻联播三段论)
*c.语言精彩(句子结构词多变)
*四级写作中一个作文题目做到一例多用的例子
*例如题目:
OnEnglishLearning
*1.英语学习很重要
*2.英语者所面临的困难
*3.如何学好英语
*范文:
*Inthecontemporaryworld,Englishlearninghasgainedgreatpopularityanditisofgreatsignificance.(主题句)Firstly,basedonasurvey,amajorityoftouristsaknowledgethattheyprefertospeakEnglishwhentravelingaroundtheworld.(调查法表述)Secondly,comapredwiththepoorEnglishspeakers,goodEnglish-speakersaresuperiorinmanyways.(比较模板句式)
*However,Englishlearnersmayhaveavarietyofdifficultiesortroublesintheirlearning.(主题句)Forexample,itcanbenoticedthatalargenumberofstudentshavedifficultymemorizingwords.Sometimes,itisdifficultforthemtounderstandtherulesofgrammar.Inaddition,thoughsomearegoodatreadingorwriting,theycannotexpressthemselvesfreelyinEnglish.
*Then,howtogetagoodcommandof(学好)thislanguage?
Iamconvincedthatpracticemakesperfect.Onlypracticecanenableustospeakandwritefluently.Anditisalsothroughpracticethatonecanmastertherulesofgrammarandrememberwords,andthereisnootherway.(强调句式)
请记住内容上:
熟悉什么就写什么
小结:
写作考试是可以提前准备的,考前一定要多背写有用的表达和句式。
考场上尽量写自己背写过的句式和表达,因为背诵的表达首先不容易出错,其次句式和表达往往是亮点句式。
一篇高分作文,大概十到十二句左右,只要其中能够写出背诵过五六句优秀表达就高分无忧了。
高分定律:
写作基础(自己写的表达写正确不扣分)+亮点句式(用背诵的表达提分)
(第4章内容参阅PPT文件)
第五章问题解决型写作思路
Review:
六种功能段落
问题解决型作文,亦可称为:
解决问题型作文。
一般在首段现象描述,之后进行问题分析(原因或危害),最后提出建议措施,例如:
2010年6月Topic:
DueAttentionShouldBeGivenToSpelling.
1.如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写
2.出现这种情况的原因
3.为了改变这种状况,我认为…
按照功能段落的概念对作文进行备考,该类作文需要背诵四种功能段落:
现象描述、问题(危害)分析、原因分析、建议措施。
学习重点是思路和表达,请各位考生在背诵的基础上灵活使用。
5.1现象描述段(正反)
现实生活中的现象总是有好坏之分,四级考试中现象描述段也可以分为两种:
正面现象和负面现象。
如果是负面现象描述,就等同于描述一个需要大家关注并解决的问题;而正面现象就是在宣扬或赞美它。
因此本段需要学习描述正面和负面的词汇和表达。
现象描述可以写三个内容:
引出现象+具体描述+总结。
接下来逐一介绍各个功能句式的写法和用途。
1)引出现象:
*☆首句1.Nobody/Noonecouldhavefailedtonoticethefactthatkids’lackofindependencehasbecomeagraveprobleminmanyfamilies.
*负面:
agraveproblem
*正面:
acommon/popularphenomenon/practice
首句2.Inthecontemporarysociety,thereisnodenyingthefactthat+客观事实(提纲1).
首句3.Onmanycampuses/Inthecontemporarysociety/Inthepresent-daysociety/Inrecentdecades,theshortageofhousingisoneofthemostseriousproblemswithwhichpeopleareconfronted.
☆首句4(正反均可):
Nowadays/Inthepresent-daysociety/Inrecentdecades,itcanbenoticedthatchildrendependmoreontheirparentsthaneverbefore.(比较级引出问题)
首句5(正反均可):
Inthepresent-daysociety/Inrecentyears,ithasbecomeaprevalent/populartendency/trend/practicefor___to___.
首句6:
(正面)Inrecentdecades,____has/havegainedgreatpopularityamong_____.
popularitypublicattention(负面)
首句7:
Thepastyears/decadeshaveseen/witnessedthehuge/speedyadvancement/developmentof_____.
段落写作原则:
*1.首句正确+开篇精彩,
2)具体描述:
二句1:
事实描述二步走
第一步:
提纲中涉及谁就说谁
第二步:
引申其中的名词(由个体到群体,由小见大)
第三步:
给句子加修饰
①状语:
1)时间:
nowadays,recently;2)地点:
inourmodernsociety
②列举:
suchas/includingA,B,Candsoforth/
练习:
现在很多父母替孩子包办一切
*ⅰ.Parentsdoeverythingfortheirchildren.
*ⅱ.Agreatmanyparentsdoeverythingfortheirchildren.
*ⅲ.Inmanyfamilies,agreatmanyparentsdoeverythingfortheirchildren,suchasfood,clothes,educationevenmarriage.
*(事实描述)Anincreasingnumberofindividuals/peoplefinditdifficult/hard/troublesometo_______.
*2010-12:
父母替孩子包办一切:
Anincreasingnumberofchildrenfindithardtoliveontheirownwithoutparents.
*正面话题:
difficultconvenient/inexpensive/beneficial…
*2011-06:
OnlineShopping
*Anincreasingnumberofyoungstersfinditconvenientandinexpensivetoshoponline.
*越来越多的…AgrowingnumberofPeopleingrowingnumbers
二句2:
(举例描述1)Acaseinpointofthisis/Atypicalexampleofthisis/Thisphenomenoncanbebestillustratedbythefactthat.
☆(举例描述2)Turningalookaround,wecanfindagreatmany/plentyof/agooddealofexampleslikethis:
两个或多个例子.(万能举例法,务必背诵
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