英语部分基础语法语法.docx
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英语部分基础语法语法.docx
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英语部分基础语法语法
一.时态
一般时
进行时
完成时
完成进行时
现在
am/is/are
do/does
Am/is/are
+doing
Has/have+done
Has/havebeendoing
过去
did
Was/were+doing
Haddone
Hadbeendoing
将来
Will/
Begoingto
Will/begoingto+bedoing
Will/begoingto+havedone
Will/begoingto+
Havebeendoing
过去将来
Woulddo
wouldbedoing
Wouldhavedone
wouldhavebeendoing
(一)一般时
(1)一般过去式
Hewouldhavefinishedhiscollegeeducation,buthe__C___toquitandfindajobtosupporthidfamily。
辍学是真的,而且已经发生,所以用过去式
A.hadhadB.hasC.hadD.wouldhave
(2)一般现在式
InhisplayShakespeare__D___hischaracterslivethroughtheirlanguage。
A.wouldmakeB.hadmadeC.madeD.makes
(3)一般将式来
Thecommitteehasanticipatedtheproblemsthat__B___intheroadconstructionproject。
A.ariseB.willariseC.aroseD.havearisen
从句用将来时表示“(现在预见到)某事将要发生”
(二)进行时
过去进行式
1.Jameshasjustarrived,butIdidn’tknowhe___B__untilyesterday。
A.willcomeB.wascomingC.hadbeencomingD.came
(三)完成时
当句子当中有序数词firstsecondthird……副词only或最高级best、worst、most的时候,后面的定语从句用完成时态
(1)现在完成时
1.____D_____consciousofmymoralobligationasacitizen。
A.IwasandalwayswillbeB.Ihavetobeandalwayswillbe
C.IhadbeenandalwayswillbeD.Ihavebeenandalwayswillbe从过去持续到现在并将延续到将来
2.AIDSissaid____C____thenumber-onekillerofbothmenandwomenoverthepastfewyearsinthatregion.
A.beingB.tobeC.tohavebeenD.havingbeen
3.”Itseemsthatshewasthereattheconference。
”ThesentencemeansthatC
A.sheseemstobethereattheconference
B.sheseemedtobethereattheconference
C.sheseemstohavebeenthereattheconference
D.sheseemedtobeingthereattheconference
(2)过去完成时
1.Thestudentsaidtherewereafewpointsintheessayhe__C___impossibletocomprehend。
A.hasfoundB.wasfindingC.hadfoundD.wouldfind
当句子当中有序数词firstsecondthird……副词only或最高级best、worst、most的时候,后面的定语从句用完成时态
2.Thatwasnotthefirsttimehe___B__us.Ithinkit’shightimewe_____strongactiongsagainsthim。
A.betrayed……takeB.hadbetrayed……tookC.hasbetrayed……tookD.hasbetrayed……take
(四)完成进行时
(1)现在完成进行时
1.Forsometimenow,worldleaders_B___outthenecessityforagreementonarmsreduction.
A.hadbeenpointingB.havebeenpointingC.werepointingD.pointed
2.Jack____A______fromhomefortwoweeks,andIambeginningtoworryabouthissafety。
A.hasbeenmissingB.hasbeenmissedC.hasbeenmissingD.wasmissed
二.从句
(一)宾语从句
1.Thegovernmenthaspromisedtodo__C____liesinitspowertoeasethehardshipsofthevictimsintheflood-strickenarea。
A.however引导方式状语从句B.whichever强调“多个选择中的任何一个”
C.whatever相当于anythingthat,即相当于带有关系分句作后置修饰语的名词词组
D.wherever引导地点状语从句
2.Weconsider__C____heshouldhaveleftwithoutanyonebeforehand。
A.strangewhyB.itstrangewhatC.itstrangethatD.thatstrange
“动词+it+补语+that”
(二)同位语从句
1.Thereisnodoubt__B____thecoupledidtherightthingincomingbackhomeearlierthanplanned。
A.whetherB.thatC.whyD.when
That引导同位语从句,说明doubt的内容,that在同位语从句中不作任何成分
(三)表语从句
1.Qualityis__C___countsmost。
A.whichB.thatC.what=allthatD.where
(四).状语从句
(1)方式状语
1.Shedidherwork_A___hermanagerhadinstructed.
A.asB.untilC.whenD.though
2.Nineistothree__D___threeistoone.
A.whenB.thatC.whichD.what
固定句型“A对B就如A1对B1”此句型what也可用as代替
(2)让步状语
.____D____,I’llmarryhimallthesame.
A.washerichorpoorB.whetherrichorpoorC.wereherichorpoorD.beherichorpoor
“be+主语+选择性表语”表示“不管是……还是……”=“whether+主语+be+表语”
条件状语
Ifnot__B___withtherespecthefeelsduetohim,Jackgetsveryill-temperedandgrumblesallthetime。
A.beingtreatedB.treatedC.betreatedD.havingbeentreated
当条件状语从句的主语与主句主语一致,并且从句谓语含有be时,可以将从句主语和be一并省略。
(3)原因状语
1.Mendifferfromanimals___C___theycanthinkandspeak。
A.forwhichB.forthatC.inthat=because,引导原因状语从句D.inwhich
(4)时间状语
1.Ienjoyedmyselfsomuch__A____IvisitedmyfriendsinParislastyear。
A.whenB.whichC.thatD.where
2.Thecouplehadnosoonergottothestation____D___thecoachleft。
A.whenB.asC.untilD.than
Nosooner……than……,hardly……when……,assoonas……表示“一……就……”
(五).定语从句
(1)一般情况
1.Haveyoueverbeeninasituation__D____youknowtheotherpersonisrightyetyoucannotagreewithhim?
A.bywhichB.thatC.inwhereD.where
2.Theparty,__D___Iwastheguestofhonour,wasextremelyenjoyable。
A.bywhichB.forwhichC.towhichD.atwhich
3.Iwasveryinterestedin___A___shetoldme.
A.allthat=whatB.allwhichC.allwhatD.that
(2)关系代词在从句中作表语时,只能用that引导定语从句
1.Heisquitewornoutfromyearsofhardwork.Heisnottheman___B___hewastwentyyearsago.
A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom
2.Myuncleisquitewornoutfromyearsofhardwork。
Heisnolongertheman__D___hewasfifteenyearsago。
A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that
非限制性定语从句
1.Wehavejustinstalledtwoair-conditionersinourapartment,,__A____shouldmakegreatdifferencesinourlifenextsummer.
A.whichB.whatC.thatD.they
2.Abovethetreesarethehills,____C___magnificencetheriverfaithfullyreflectsonthesurface。
A.whereB.ofwhoseC.whoseD.which
3.Theyovercomeallthedifficultiesandcompletedtheprojecttwomonthsaheadoftime,_A__issomethingwehadnotexpected.
A.whichB.itC.thatD.what
(四)名词从句
2.After___C__seemedanendlesswait,itwashisturntoenterthepersonnelmanager’soffice.
A.thatB.itC.whatD.there
三.虚拟语气
(一)IF条件句
If从句主句
真实条件:
现在时态一般现在时will/can情态动词+do
非现实条件与现在事实不符v-ed/werewould(could/should)+do
与过去事实不符haddonewouldhavedone/wereto+v./woulddo
与将来事实不符did.Were/shoulddo/weretodowoulddo
1.___A_______forthefactthatshebrokeherleg,shemighthavepassedtheexam.
A.HaditnotbeenB.HadnotitbeenC.WasitnotD.Wereitnot
2.Ifyouexplainedthesituationtoyoursolicitor,he___A___abletoadviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan.
A.wouldbeB.willhavebeenC.wasD.were
3.Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,english__B___mucheasiertolearn.
A.couldhavebeenB.wouldbeC.willbeD.wouldhavebeen
错综时态的虚拟语气
2.________ifIhadarrivedyesterdaywithoutlettingyouknowbeforehand?
A.wouldyoubesurprisedB.wereyousurprisedC.hadyoubeensurprised
D.wouldyouhavebeensurprised
现场提问,所以主句用“would+动词现在时
.3.________you________furtherproblemswithyourprinter,contactyourdealerforadvice。
A.if,hadB.have,hadC.should,haveD.incase,had
=ifyoushouldhavefurtherproblemswithyourprinter……
4.HadJudybeenmorecarefulonthemathsexam,she__B___muchbetterresultsnow。
A.wouldbegettingB.couldhavegotC.mustgetD.wouldget
条件句与过去事实相反;虽然主句的时间副词是now,但事实上该考试成绩已经出来,故用couldhavegot
(2)宾语从句的虚拟语气
(1)IFonly=Iwish句,后面的谓语一般用过去时表示目前的愿望
1.IfonlyI__B__playtheguitaraswellasyou.
A.would侧重人的意愿B.could侧重人的能力C.shouldD.might
2.Ifonlythepatient__A___adifferenttreatmentinst
eadofusingtheantibiotics,hemightstillbealivenow.
A.hadreceivedB.receivedC.shouldreceivedD.werereceiving
(三)“Itis+形容词+that从句”中,如果形容词advisable,appropriate,desirable,essential,fitting,imperative,important,obligatory等表示歧视含义的形容词,则that分句使用“(should)+动词原形”虚拟语气
1.Itisimperativethatstudents___A___theirtermpapersontime.
A.handinB.wouldhandinC.havetohandinD.handedin
2.Itisimperativethatthegovernment__C__moreinvestmentintotheshipbuildingindustry。
A.attractsB.shallattractC.attractD.hasto
1.ItisabsolutelyessentialthatWilliam___C___hisstudyinspiteofsomelearningdifficulties。
A.willcontinueB.continuedC.continueD.continues
3.Itisnecessarythathe__A___ theassignmentwithoutdelay。
A.handinB.handsinC.musthandinD.hastohandin
(四)Itis(about)time(that)是一个虚拟语气句型,谓语动词用一般过去式或“should+动词原形”
1.Whatcoursesareyougoingtodonextsemester?
Idonotknow.Butitisabouttime__B___onsomething.
A.I’ddecideB.IdecidedC.IdecideD.I’mdeciding
2.It’shighhightimewe__A___cuttingdowntherainforests。
A.stoppedB.hadtostopC.shallstopD.stop
(五)wouldrather后面接从句时,表示主语宁愿某人做某事,从句要用虚拟语气,动词一般用过去式,表示希望
区别:
wouldratherdosthwouldratherdo……thando
1.It’sgettinglate.I’dratheryou__A___now。
A.leftB.leaveC.areleavingD.willleave
(六)Itisa.forsb.Todosth.
1.Theopeningceremonyisagreatoccasion,itisessential___A___forthat。
.
A.forustobepreparedB.thatwearepreparedC.ofustobepreparedD.ourbeingprepared
四.情态动词
1.Sincetheweatherisfinewe______walkforawhile.
A.mayB.mustC.mightaswell不妨D.will
2.Iwenttherein1984,andthatwastheonlyoccasionwhenI__C___thejourneyinexactlytwodays。
A.mustmakeB.musthavemadeC.wasabletomakeD.couldmake
Must多指现在或将来的情况,一般不用来表示过去必须做某事
Could指“一般的能力”,通常不表示某人在某一场合设法做了某事
Beableto犹指“具有能力完成某件有难度的事情”
2.Loudspeakerswerefixedinthehallsothateveryone__D___anopportunitytohearthespeech.
A.oughttohaveB.musthaveC.mayhaveD.shouldhave
Sothat引导目的状语从句时,日常口语中可以使用“sothat+主语+will,would,can,could”
正式场合中使用“sothat+may,might,shall,should”
3.Iamsurprised__A____thiscityisadullplacetolivein。
A.thatyoushould表示一种惊讶的语气thinkB.bywhatyouarethinkingC.thatyouwouldthinkD.withwhatyouwerethinking
Surprised的三种用法1.besurprisedtodo……2.besurprisedatsth/sb3.besurprisedthat……
1.“You__D___borrowmynotesprovidedyoutakecareofthem,”Itoldmyfriend。
A.couldB.shouldC.mustD.can
Provided引导条件状语从句,相当于if。
主句表示“许可”,在口语中常用can
1.She___D__fiftyorsowhenIfirstmetherattheconference。
A.mustbe对现在的猜测B.hadbeenC.couldbeD.musthavebeen表示对过去的猜测
2.Whichofthefollowingsentencesexpresses“probability”?
B
A.Youmustleaveimmediately
B.Youmustbefeelingra
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