标准航海用语DOC.docx
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标准航海用语DOC.docx
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标准航海用语DOC
INTRODUCTION
TheseSMCPhavebeencompiled:
-toassistinthegreatersafetyofnavigationandoftheconductofship,
-tostandardizethelanguageusedincommunicationfornavigationatsea,inport-approaches,inwaterways,harboursandonboardvessels.
《标准航海通信用语》用于:
-提高航海和船舶操纵的安全性;
-使海上航行、进出港操纵、水道航行、港内作业及船上业务的通信语言标准化。
ThesephrasesarenotintendedtosupplantorcontradicttheInternationalRegulationsforPreventingCollisionsatSea,1972orspeciallocalrulesorrecommendationsmadebyIMOconcerningships'routeing.NeitheraretheyintendedtosupersedetheInternationalCodeofSignalsnortosupplantnormalradiotelephonepracticeassetoutintheITURegulations.
这些语句不用作代替《1972年国际海上避碰规则》、特殊规则以及国际海事组织对于船舶日常作业作出的建议,也不打算与这些规则相矛盾;这些语句不用作取代《国际信号规则》,也不用作代替《国际电信联盟》规定的正常无线电话通信规则。
TheseSMCPmeettherequirementsoftheSTCWConvention,1978,asrevised,andoftheSOLASConvention,1974,asrevised,regardingverbalcommunications;moreover,thephrasescoverthecommunicationrelevantsafetyaspectslaiddownintheseConventions.Knowledge,understandingandthecompetencetousetheSMCParerequiredbytheSTCWConvention,1978,asrevised,forofficersinchargeofanavigationalwatchonvesselsof500grosstonnageormore.Useofthecommunicationphrasesshouldbemadeasoftenaspossibleinpreferencetootherwordingofsimilarmeaning,andtheyshouldbepartofinstructioninmaritimeeducationandtraining.
《标准航海通信用语》符合经修正的《1978年海员培训、发证和值班标准国际公约》、经修正的《1974年国际海上人命安全公约》有关口语通信的要求;而且,这些用语也包括了上述两个公约中有关安全事宜的通信。
经修正的《1974年国际海上人命安全公约》对于500总吨及以上船舶的值班驾驶员使用《标准航海通信用语》的知识水平、理解能力和应用能力作出了要求。
在通信中,《标准航海通信用语》的使用应优先于其它具有类似意义的措辞,而且这应成为航海教育与培训内容的一部分。
Inthiswaytheyareintendedtobecomeanacceptablesafetylanguage,usingtheEnglishlanguage,fortheverbalinterchangeofintelligencebetweenindividualsofallmaritimenationsonthemanyandvariedoccasionswhenprecisemeaningsandtranslationsareindoubt,increasinglyevidentundermodernconditionsatsea.ForthatpurposetheSMCPbuildonbasicknowledgeoftheEnglishlanguage,andtheyhavebeendraftedinasimplifiedversionofmaritimeEnglishintentionallyreducinggrammatical,lexicalandidiomaticvarietiestoatolerableminimumandstandardizedstructuresforthesakeofthefunctionoftheSMCP,i.e.diminishingmisunderstandinginsafetyrelatedverbalcommunications.
在现代航海生产中,《标准航海通信用语》旨在当表达和翻译有异义时逐渐成为航运国家所有人员之间口语通信中可接受的有关安全的英语语言。
为此,《标准航海通信用语》基于英语的基本知识,其起草中,将语法、词汇和惯用法缩减到了可接受的最低水平,形成了标准结构,也就是说,在有关安全的口语通信中减少了有歧义的部分。
TheaccompanyingCD/Cassettecouldbehelpfultofamiliarizewiththecorrectpronunciationofthephrases.
附加的光盘和磁盘有助于熟悉这些用语的发音。
Thetypographicalconventionsusedthroughoutmostofthiscommunicationphrasesareasfollows:
这些用语中使用的常用编排符号如下:
()brackets括号
indicatethatthepartofthemessageenclosedwithinthebracketsmaybeaddedwhereitisrelevant,ortheyencloseabriefexplanationoftheprecedingphrase;
括号中的内容是可添加的内容,或是前述内容的简单解释;
/obliquestroke后斜线
indicatesthattheitemsoneithersideofthestrokearealternatives;and,
斜线表示其左右的内容可供选择;
...dots三点线
indicatethattherelevantinformationistobefilledinwherethedotsoccurand.
省略符表示在其出现处应添加有关内容。
(italicletters斜体)indicatethekindofinformationrequested.
斜体表示所需的信息种类。
PARTI–GENERAL总论
1Procedure程序
WhenitisnecessarytoindicatethattheSMCParetobeused,thefollowingmessagemaybesent:
应使用《标准航海通信用语》时应用下述句子说明:
"PleaseuseStandardMarineCommunicationPhrases"
"IwilluseStandardMarineCommunicationPhrases"
2.Spelling拼读
Wheninexternalcommunicationspellingisnecessary,onlythefollowingspellingtableshouldbeused:
在与船外进行拼读通信时,应按下表的规定进行拼读:
Letter
Code
Letter
Code
Figure
Codeword
A
Alfa
N
November
0
Nadazero
B
Bravo
O
Oscar
1
Unaone
C
Charlie
P
Papa
2
Bissotwo
D
Delta
Q
Quebec
3
Terrathree
E
Echo
R
Romeo
4
Kartefour
F
Foxtrot
S
Sierra
5
Pantafive
G
Golf
T
Tango
6
Soxisix
H
Hotel
U
Uniform
7
Setteseven
I
India
V
Victor
8
Oktoeight
J
Juliet
W
Whisky
9
Novenine
K
Kilo
X
X-ray
Fullstop
Stop
L
Lima
Y
Yankee
Decimal
Decimal
M
Mike
Z
Zulu
point
3.MessageMarkers语段标识
Inshore-to-shipandship-to-shorecommunicationorradiocommunicationingeneral,thefollowingeightMessageMarkersmaybeused(alsosee"ApplicationofMessageMarkers"giveninsection6"VesselTrafficService(VTS)StandardPhrases"ofPARTIII):
在“船━岸”和“岸━船”通信中及一般的无线电通信中,可使用下述8个语段标识。
(另见第三部分第6节船舶交通管理(VTS)中“语段标识的应用”)
(i)Instruction指示
(ii)Advice建议
(iii)Warning警告
(iv)Information信息
(v)Question问题
(vi)Answer回答
(vii)Request请求
(viii)Intention意图
4.Responses回应
4.1Whentheanswertoaquestionisintheaffirmative,say:
"Yes,...."-followedbytheappropriatephraseinfull.
若作肯定回答,请用“Yes”,后接全句。
4.2Whentheanswertoaquestionisinthenegative,say:
"No,..."-followedbytheappropriatephraseinfull.
若作否定回答,请用“No”,后接全句。
4.3Whentheinformationrequestedisnotimmediatelyavailable,say:
"Standby"-followedbythetimeintervalwithinwhichtheinformationwillbeavailable.
若对方要求的信息不能立即得到,请用“Standby”,后停取得信息所需的时间。
4.4Whentheinformationrequestedcannotbeobtained,say:
"Noinformation."
若对方要求的信息无法得到,请用“Noinformation”。
4.5WhenanINSTRUCTION(e.g.byaVTS-Station,Navalvesselorotherfullyauthorizedpersonnel)oranADVICEisgiven,respondifintheaffirmative:
"Iwill/can..."-followedbytheinstructionoradviceinfull;and,
ifinthenegative,respond:
"Iwillnot/cannot..."-followedbytheinstructionoradviceinfull.
对于一项指示(如由交管站、海军船舶或其他经受权人员给出)或建议,若作肯定回答,请用“Iwill/can...”,后接指示或建议的全句;若作否定回答,请用“Iwillnot/cannot...”,后接指示或建议的全句。
Example:
"ADVICE.Donotovertakevesselaheadofyou."
Respond:
"Iwillnotovertakevesselaheadofme."
Theresponsestoordersofspecialimportance,however,aregiveninwordinginthephrasesconcerned.
对于具有特殊重要意义的命令的回应,在有关句中说明。
5.Distress,urgencyandsafetysignals遇险,紧急和安全信号
5.1MAYDAY
istobeusedtoannounceadistressmessage用作标明遇险电话通信;
5.2PAN–PAN
istobeusedtoannounceanurgencymessage用作标明紧急电话通信;
5.3SÈCURITÈ
istobeusedtoannounceasafetymessage用作标明安全电话通信。
6.Standardorganizationalphrases标准语句
6.1"Howdoyouread?
"
6.1.1"Ireadyou...
bad/onewithsignalstrengthone(i.e.barelyperceptible)
poor/twowithsignalstrengthtwo(i.e.weak)
fair/threewithsignalstrengththree(i.e.fairlygood)
good/fourwithsignalstrengthfour(i.e.good)
excellent/fivewithsignalstrengthfive(i.e.verygood)
6.2WhenitisadvisabletoremainonaVHFchannel/frequencysay:
若建议在VHF某一频道或频率上守听,说:
"StandbyonVHFchannel.../frequency..."
6.2.1WhenitisacceptedtoremainontheVHFchannel/frequencyindicated,say:
若同意在某一指定的VHF频道或频率上守听,说:
"StandingbyonVHFchannel..."/frequency..."
6.3WhenitisadvisabletochangetoanotherVHFchannel/frequency,say:
若建议改用VHF的另一频道或频率,说:
"Advise(you)changetoVHFchannel.../frequency...",
"Advise(you)tryVHFchannel../frequency."
6.3.1WhenthechangingofaVHFchannel/frequencyisaccepted,say:
若同意改用VHF的另一频道或频率,说:
"ChangingtoVHFchannel.../frequency...."
7.Corrections修正
Whenamistakeismadeinamessage,say:
"Mistake..."-followedbytheword:
"Correction..."plusthecorrectedpartofthemessage.
若通信语句发生错误,说:
"Mistake...",后接"Correction...",再加改正的语句部分。
Example:
"Mypresentspeed14knots-mistake.Correction,mypresentspeed12,one-two,knots."
8.Readiness备妥
"Iam/Iamnotreadytoreceiveyourmessage".
9.Repetition重复
9.1Ifanypartofthemessageareconsideredsufficientlyimportanttoneedsafeguarding,say:
"Repeat..."-followedbythecorrespondingpartofthemessage.
若语句的某部分特别重要而需要重复,说:
"Repeat...",后接相应语句部分。
Example:
"Mydraft12.6repeatone-twodecimal6metres."
"Donotovertake-repeat-donotovertake."
9.2Whenamessageisnotproperlyheard,say:
"Sayagain(please)."
若某语句未听清楚,说:
"Sayagain(please)."
10.Numbers数字
Numbersaretobespokeninseparatedigits:
数字应分读:
"One-five-zero"for150
"Twodecimalfive"for2.5
Note:
Attention!
Whenrudderanglese.g.inwheelordersaregiven,say:
注意,舵令并不分读:
"Fifteen"for15or
"Twenty"for20etc..
11.Positions位置
11.1Whenlatitudeandlongitudeareused,theseshallbeexpressedindegreesandminutes(anddecimalsofaminuteifnecessary),northorsouthoftheEquatorandeastorwestofGreenwich.
使用经纬度时,应用度和分(若必要用分的10分位),后接南、北或东、西。
Example:
"WARNING.Dangerouswreckinposition15degrees34minutesnorth61degrees29minuteswest."
11.2Whenthepositionisrelatedtoamark,themarkshallbeawell-definedchartedobject.Thebearingshallbeinthe360degreesnotationfromtruenorthandshallbethatofthepositionFROMthemark.
若位置参照物标给出,则该物标必须在海图上有明确标志。
方位应自真北起算以360度给出,自物标量起。
Example:
"Yourpositionbearing137degreesfromBarrHeadlighthouse
distance2.4nauticalmiles."
12.Bearings方位
Thebearingofthemarkorvesselconcerned,isthebearinginthe360degreenotationfromnorth(truenorthunlessotherwisestated),exceptinthecaseofrelativebearings.BearingsmaybeeitherFROMthemarkorFROMthevessel.
物标或船舶的方位,应自真北(另有说明除外)起算以360度给出,但相对方位除外。
方位可自物标亦可自船舶量起。
Examples:
"Pilotboatbearing215degreesfromyou."
Note:
VesselsreportingtheirpositionshouldalwaysquotetheirbearingFROMthemark,asdescribedinparagraph11.2ofthischapter.
注意:
船舶报告自己的船位时,方位应自物标量起,如本章11.2所述。
12.1Relativebearings相对方位
Relativebearingscanbeexpressedindegreesrelativetothevessel'sheadorbow.Morefrequentlythisisinrelationtotheportorstarboardbow.
相对方位可用相对于船首的角度数表示,常用首或右首表示。
Example:
"Buoy030degreesonyourportbow."
(Re
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