初中英语单词分类记忆大全.docx
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初中英语单词分类记忆大全.docx
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初中英语单词分类记忆大全
初中英语单词分类记忆大全
初中英语单词分类记忆
一、分类记忆法(名词)
(1)星期(week):
Monday、Tuesday、Wednesday、Thursday、Friday、Saturday、Sunday
(2)月份(month):
January、February、March、April、May、June、July、August、September、October、November、December
(3)季节(season):
spring/summer/autumn/winter(春/夏/秋/冬)
(4)时间:
second(秒)minute(分)hour(小时)day(天)night(夜)week(星期)month(月份)year(年)century(世纪)
(5)国家:
(country)China(中国)Japan(日本)England(英国)India(印度)Canada(加拿大)America/theUnitedStates(美国)Australia(澳大利亚)Germany(德国)Russia(俄罗斯)France(法国)
(6)大洲:
Asia(亚洲)Africa(非)America(美)Europe(欧洲)
(7)方位(direction):
east/west/south/north(东西南北)left/right(左右)
(8)交通工具:
bike/bicycle(自行车)bus(公共汽车)car(小汽车)jeep(吉普车)train(火车)ship(轮船)plane(飞机)
(9)饮食(meal):
breakfast(早餐)lunch(午餐)supper(晚餐)dinner(正餐、晚餐)snack(快餐)picnic(野餐)
(10)米面及肉类食品:
rice(米饭)porridge(粥)dumpling(饺子)noodle(面条)meat(肉)beef(牛肉)mutton(羊肉)chicken(鸡肉)egg(鸡蛋)
(11)水果(fruit):
apple(苹果)banana(香蕉)pear(梨子)orange(橙子)strawberry(草莓)watermelon(西瓜)
(12)蔬菜(vegetable):
tomato(西红柿)potato(马铃薯)carrot(胡萝卜)cabbage(洋白菜、卷心菜)onion(洋葱)
(13)零食(snack):
chocolate(巧克力)hamburger(汉堡包)cake(蛋糕)bread(面包)mooncake(月饼)icecream(冰淇淋)cheese(奶酪)salad(沙拉)dessert(甜食)candy(糖果)biscuit(饼干)(14)饮料(drink):
juice(果汁)milk(牛奶)tea(茶)greentea
(绿茶)coffee(咖啡)water(水)
(15)调料(relish):
butter(黄油)sugar(糖)salt(盐)oil(油)
(16)学习用品:
pen(钢笔)pencil(铅笔)eraser(橡皮擦)ruler(直尺)knife(小刀)dictionary(字/词典)schoolbag(书包)pencilcase(文具盒)notebook(笔记本)textbook(课本)
(17)颜色(color):
red红(的)yellow黄blue蓝green绿black黑white白orange橙黄brown棕/褐/pink粉红/purple紫/gray/grey灰/
(18)衣着:
clothes(衣服)hat(帽子)shirt(衬衫)T-shirt(男衬衫)coat(外套/上衣)raincoat(雨衣)skirt(裙子)dress(裙子/衣服)trousers(裤子)jeans(牛仔裤)shorts(短裤)sock(袜子)shoe(鞋子)uniform(制服)
(19)科目(subject):
Chinese(语)math(数)English(英)history(史)geography(地)biology(生)physics(物理)chemistry(化学)P.E.(体育)music(音乐)art(美术)
(20)身体部位(body):
head(头)hair(头发)face(脸)eye(眼睛)nose(鼻子)mouth(嘴巴)tooth(牙齿)ear(耳朵)neck(脖子)arm(手臂)hand(手)finger(手指)heart(心)back(背部)knee(膝盖)leg(腿)foot(脚)
(21)亲属:
father(父)mother(母)parents(父母)grandfather/grandpa(爷爷/外公)grandmother/grandma(奶奶/外婆)grandparents(爷奶/外公外婆)brother(兄弟)sister(姐妹)cousin堂(表)兄弟/堂(表)姐妹husband(丈夫)wife(妻子)son(儿子)daughter(女儿)uncle(叔/伯/舅/姨夫/姑父)aunt(姨/姑/婶/伯母/舅母)
(22)动物(animal):
lion(狮子)tiger(老虎)elephant(大象)camel(骆驼)cow(奶牛)pig(猪)fox(狐狸)snake(蛇)duck(鸭子)chicken(鸡)hen(母鸡)bird(小鸟)rabbit(兔子)panda(熊猫)deer(鹿)giraffe(长颈鹿)sheep(羊)fish(鱼)ant(蚂蚁)mouse(mice)/rat(老鼠)dog(狗)cat(猫)monkey(猴子)
(23)职业:
teacher(老师)doctor(医生)nurse(护士)policeman∕woman(男∕女警察)reporter(记者)waiter(服务员)scientist(科学家)farmer(农民)fisherman(渔夫)cook(厨师)driver(司机)student/pupil(学生)
(24)公共场所:
shop/store(商店)bank(银行)hospital(医院)policestation(警察
局)TVstation(电视站)stop(车站)cinema(电影院)theater(戏剧院)hotel(旅馆)restaurant(餐馆)factory(工厂)company(公司)market(市场)supermarket(超市)museum(博物馆)postoffice(邮局)school(学校)airport∕field(飞机场)
(25)学校:
primaryschool(小学)middleschool(中学)juniorhighschool(初中)seniorhighschool(高中)university∕college(大学)
(26)房间:
living-room(起居室/客厅)bedroom(卧室)bathroom(洗澡房)kitchen(厨房)restroom/washroom(卫生间)
(27)宇宙:
sun(日)moon(月)star(星星)planet(行星)earth(地球)sky(天空)air(空气)rain(雨)cloud(云)wind(风)snow(雪)fog(雾)
(28)天气(weather):
sunny(晴朗的)rainy(多雨的)cloudy(多云的、阴天的)windy(有风的)snowy(多雪的)foggy(多雾的)
(29)运动:
basketball(篮球)football∕soccer(足球)volleyball(排球)baseball(网球)tennis(羽毛球)tabletennis/ping-pong(乒乓球)
(30)乐器:
drum(鼓)piano(钢琴)violin(小提琴)guitar(吉他)
二、构词记忆法
1、合成法:
由两个或者两个以上的词合成新词,这种构词法叫做合成法。
例如:
worldwide(全世界的)=world(世界)+wide(广泛的),
classroom(教室)down∕upstairs(在楼下/楼上)friendship(友谊)everywhere(各地/到处)homework(家庭作业)housework(家务)southeast(东南部)underground(地下的)homeland(故乡/祖国)hometown(家乡)countryside(乡村)playground(操场)toothbrush(牙刷)oversleep(睡过头)earthquake(地震)
2、词缀记忆法:
(1)前缀
1)un-(不/非,表否定):
able(能够…的)→unable(不能的)、(不舒服的)unusual(不同寻常的)unhealthy(不健康的)unhappy(不快乐的)unfriendly(不友好的)
2)dis-(不/非,表否定):
advantage(优点)→disadvantage(缺点)cover(覆盖)→discover(发现)disagree(不同意)dislike(不喜欢)
3)im-(不/非,表否定):
(不礼貌的)(不可能)
4)re-(又/再/重新):
review(复习)return(归还)rewrite(重写)recycle(再循环;回收利用)
5)inter-(相互/在一起):
interview(面试)、international(国际的)、Internet(因特网)
6)en-(使)(鼓励)、(危及;使遭受危险)
(2)后缀
1)-or/-er(从事某职业的人):
actor(演员)visitor(参观者)collector(搜集者)director(主任/主管)singer(歌手)teacher(老师)reader(读者)writer(作家)foreigner(外国人)learner(学习者)villager(村民)winner(胜利者)foreigner(外国人)owner(所有者/物主)
特例:
post(邮寄)→poster(海报)draw(画画)—drawer(抽屉)cook(煮)—cook(厨师)—cooker(厨具)
2)-ist(人):
science(科学)→scientist(科学家)、artist(艺术家)、tourist(旅行者)、terrorist(恐怖分子)pianist(钢琴家)violinist(小提琴家)
3)-tion(表示动作/状态,名词后缀):
invite(v.邀请)→invitationpronounce(发音)→pronunciationprediction(预言)competition(竞争)、invention(发明)instruction(指示/用法说明)attention(注意、专心)pollution(污染)organization(组织)
4)-ment(表示动作/状态,名词后缀):
develop(v.发展)→development(n.发展)improvement(改善)argument(争论)statement(陈述;声明)requirement(要求)government(政府)
5)-ture/-ure(名词后缀):
picture(图画)temperature(温度)future(将来)structure(结构;构造)pressure(压力)pleasure(愉快)
6)-th(名词后缀):
true(真实的)→truth(真相)breath(n.呼吸)birth(n.出生)
7)-ful(充满,形容词后缀):
(成功的)、(精彩的)(颜色
名词后缀:
building(建筑物)training(训练)meaning(意思)ending(结局;结尾)
3、转化法:
个单词由一种词类转化为另一种词类,这种构词法教转化法。
单词转化后的
意义往往与之前的意义密切联系。
show(n.展览、展示)→show(v.表演、展出)water(n.水)→water(v.浇水)slow(adj.慢的)→slow(v.放慢)walk(v.散步、走)→takeawalk(n.散步)rest(v.休息)→takearest(n.休息)look(v.看)→havealook(n.看一下)store(n.商店)→store(v.储存)
graduate(v.毕业生)→graduate(v.毕业)taste(n.味道)→taste(味道;鉴赏力)sound
(n.声音)→sound(v.听起来)light(n.光线)→light(v.点燃)study(v.学习;研究)→study(n.学习;研究)smell(n.嗅觉;气味)→smell(v.闻)empty(adj.空的)→empty(v.排空)fool(n.愚人)→fool(愚弄)kid(n.小孩)→kid(v.开玩笑)land(n.陆地)→land(v.着陆)smile(n.微笑)→smile(v.微笑)waste(n.浪费;废弃物)→waste(v.浪费)lock(n.锁)→lock(v.锁住)book(n.书)→book(v.预定),
三、同义近义词记忆法
answer—reply(回答)reach—getto—arriveat/in(到达)begin—start(开始)fast—quick
(快速的)question—problem(问题)healthy—fit(健康的)voice—sound(声音)tour—trip
(旅行)bicycle—bike(自行车)often—usually(常)ill—sick(生病的)trash—litter—rubbish—garbage(垃圾)very—quite(非常)shop—store(商店)clever—smart
(聪明的)holiday—vacation(假期)cute—lovely(可爱的)area—district(地区)film—movie(电影)lookafter—takecareof—carefor(照顾)right—correct(正确)impolite—rude(不礼貌的;粗鲁的)purse—wallet(钱包)fixup—repair—mend(修理)theme—topic(主
题)perhaps—probably(或许;大概)chance—opportunity(机会)company—firm(公司)
四、反义词记忆法
man—womanboy—girlwaiter—waitresspolice—thiefbefore—afterbirth—death
ask—answerborrow—returnbuy—sellbig—smalleasy—difficultdry—wetearly—latecold—hotcool—warmcareful—carelesshungry—fullcheap—expensiveyoung—oldnew—old
safe—dangerousstrong—weakbusy—freelose—findlaugh—cry
possible—impossiblelong—shorttall—shortfat—thinhigh—lowright—wrongup—downlike—dislikelove—hatesave—wasteaccept—refuselight—heavyrich—poorfirst—lasttake—bringinteresting—boringawake—asleephealthy—illancient—modernquick—slowpush—pullbeautiful—uglyquiet—noisyclean—dirtysucceed—failsame—differentfull—emptyadult—childhuge—tinynative—foreignwaitinline—cutinlineoutofstyle—instylehard-working—lazy
附录:
一、不规则形容词副词比较级与最高级
good/well---better---bestbad/badly/ill---worse---worstmany/much---more---mostlittle---less---leastfar---farther/further---farthest/furthestold---older/elder---oldest/eldest
二、不规则名词复数形式
(1)单复数同形的名词
Chinese—Chinese,deer—deer,sheep—sheep,fish—fish
(2)单复数不同形的名词
child—children,foot—feet,tooth—teeth,man—men,woman—women,mouse—mice
附:
以f(e)结尾的单词,一般变f为v,再加es或s。
如:
wife—wives,knife—knives,wolf—wolves,thief—thieves,shelf—shelves,oneself—oneselves,life—lives,half—halves,leaf—leaves等
特例:
roof(屋顶)其复数形式为roofs。
三、不规则动词表
1、过去式与过去分词与动词原形相同的动词(三同)
Beat—beat—beat/beatencost—cost—costhurt—hurt—hurthit—hit—hitlet—let—letcut—cut—cutput—put—putread—read—read
2、原单词中字母i改为a即可变为其过去式,字母i改为u即可变为其过去分词的动词
(三不同)begin—began—begundrink—drank—drunkring—rang—rung
sing—sang—sungswim—swam—swum
3、原单词aw/ow改为ew即可变为其过去式,单词后面加上字母n即可变为其过去分词
的动词(三不同)draw—drew—drawngrow—grew—grownknow—knew—known
4、原单词中字母i改为a即可变为其过去式和过去分词的动词
babysit—babysat—babysatsit—sat—sat
5、原单词eep改为ept即可变为其过去式和其过去分词的动词
keep—kept—keptsleep—slept—sleptsweep—swept—swept
6、原单词end改为ent即可变为其过去式和其过去分词的动词
lend—lent—lentspend—spent—spentsend—sent—sent
7、过去式和过去分词以aught/ought结尾的动词
bring—brought—broughtbuy—bought—boughtcatch—caught—caught
fight—fought—foughtthink—thought—thoughtteach—taught—taught
8、其他过去式与过去分词同样的动词
build—built—builtfeed—fed—fedfeel—felt—feltfind—found—found
hang—hung/hanged—hung/hangedhave/has—had—hadhear—heard—heardhold—held—heldlay—laid—laidlearn—learned/learnt—learned/learntleave—left—
leftlose—lost—lostmake—made—mademean—meant—meatmeet—met—metpay—paid—paidsay—said—saidshow—showed—showed/shownspell—spelled/spelt—spelled/speltstand—stood—stoodsell—sold—soldtell—told—toldwin—won—won
9、其它特殊记
am/is—was—been
do/does—did—doneare—were—beenbear—bore—borneat—ate—eatenbreak—broke—brokenfall—fell—fallendrive—drove—driven
fly—flew—flownforget—forgot—forgotten/forgotfreeze—froze—frozen
get—got—gotten/got
may—might—/give—gave—givenride—rode—riddengo—went—gonerun—ran—runlie—lay—lainsee—saw—seen
shall—should—/speak—spoke—spokentake—took—taken
wear—wore—wornwrite—wrote—written
初中英语单词分类记忆
一、分类记忆法(名词)
(1)星期(week):
Monday、Tuesday、Wednesday、Thursday、Friday、Saturday、Sunday
(2)月份(month):
January、February、March、April、May、June、July、August、September、October、November、December
(3)季节(season):
spring/summer/autumn/winter(春/夏/秋/冬)
(4)时间:
second(秒)minute(分)hour(小时)day(天)night(夜)week(星期)month(月份)year(年)century(世纪)
(5)国家:
(country)China(中国)Japan(日本)England(英国)India(印度)Canada(加拿大)America/theUnitedStates(美国)Australia(澳大利亚)Germany(德国)Russia(俄罗斯)France(法国)
(6)大洲:
Asia(亚洲)Africa(非)America(美)Europe(欧洲)
(7)方位(direction):
east/west/south/north(东西南北)left/right(左右)
(8)交通工具:
bike/bicycle(自行车)bus(公共汽车)car(小汽车)jeep(吉普车)train(火车)ship(轮船)plane(飞机)
(9)饮食(meal):
breakfast(早餐)lunch(午餐)supper(晚餐)dinner(正餐、晚餐)snack(快餐)picnic(野餐)
(10)米面及肉类食品:
rice(米饭)porridge(粥)dumpling(饺子)noodle(面条)meat(肉)beef(牛肉)mutton(羊肉)chicken(鸡肉)egg(鸡蛋)
(11)水果(fruit):
apple(苹果)banana(香蕉)pear(梨子)orange(橙子)strawberry(草莓)watermelon(西瓜)
(12)蔬菜(vegetable):
tomato(西红柿)potato(马铃薯)carrot(胡萝卜)cabbage(洋白菜、卷心菜)onion(洋葱)
(13)零食(snack):
chocolate(巧克力)hamburger(汉堡包)cake
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