英语单词过去式.docx
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英语单词过去式.docx
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英语单词过去式
A.原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同.
cost----cost----costcut----cut----cutput----put----put
let----let----letset----set----sethit----hit----hit
shut----shut----shuthurt---hurt----hurtread---read----read读音/e/
lie---lied---lied说谎lay---laid---laid放置,下蛋
lay---lain躺下,位于,平放
eg.Thehensdon’t_______eggsduringsuchcoldweather.
She_____herbooksonthetable.____
B.过去式与过去分词完全相同
1.过去式和过去分词中含有ought,aught,读音是〔:
t〕
bright----brought----broughtthink----thought----thoughtbuy----bought----bought
catch----caught----caughtteach----taught----taught
2.动词原形中的e为o,变成过去式和过去分词。
get----got----gotsell----sold----soldtell----told----told
3.动词原形中i为a,…sit----sat----satspit----spat----spat
4.动词原形中i为o,…win----won----wonshine----shone/shined----shone/shined
5.动词原形中an为oo,…stand----stood---stoodunderstand----understood----understood
6.动词原形中的ay为ai,…say----said----saidpay----paid----paid
7.a)动词原形中的d为t,…send----sent----sentlend----lent----lent
spend----spent----spentbuild----built----built
b)动词原形最后一个字母改为t,…smell----smelt----smeltlose----lost----lost
c)动词原形后加一个字母t,…learn----learnt----learntmean----meant----meant读音/e/
d)动词原形中的ee去掉一个字母e,然后在词尾加t.字母e发音/e/
feel----felt----feltsleep----slept----sleptsweep---swept----swept
keep----kept-----kept
其它meet----met----methave----had----hadhold----held----held
make----made----madedig----dug----dughear----heard----heard
find----found----foundhang----hung----hung
C.原型与过去分词相同
come----came----comerun----ran----runbecome----became----become
D.原形,过去式,和过去分词完全不同
1.把动词原形中i改为a变成过去式,改成u变成过去分词.
begin----began-----begundrink---drank----drunkring----rang-----rung
swim----swam----swumsing----sang----sung
2.把动词原形中o改为e变成过去式,在原形词尾加n变成过去分词.
blow----blew----blowngrow----grew----grownknow---knew---known
throw----threw----thrownfly----flew/flu:
/----flown(和以上相似)
3.以下动词的过去分词都以en结尾,故把它们分为一类.
a)把动词原形中i改为o变成过去式,在词尾加n变成过去分词.
drive----drove----drivenrise---rose---risenwrite---wrote---written(双写t)
ride----rode----ridden(双写d)
b)把动词原形中ea改为o,在词尾加e变成过去式,在过去式后加n变成过去分词.
speak----spoke----spokensteal----stole----stolenbreak----broke----broken
c)把动词原形中的个别字母或字母组合改为o变成过去式,在过去式后加n变成过去分词.
wake----woke----wokenfreeze----froze----frozen
choose----chose----chosenforget----forgot----forgotten(双写t,加en)
d)其它过去分词以en结尾的动词
eat----ate----eatenbeat----beat----beatenfall----fell----fallen
give----gave----givensee----saw----seentake----took----taken
mistake----mistook-----mistakenhide----hid----hidden(双写d)
E.没有过去分词的动词
can-----could-may----might-shall----should-will----would-
其它
am,is----was-----beenare-----were-----beendo-----did-----done
draw-----drew-----drawn/:
/go-----went-----goneshow----showed----shown
wear---wore----worn
不规则动词的过去式(初二)
不规则动词的过去式是同学们学习的重点,也是一个难点。
同学们应通过不规则动词的动词原形和它们的过去式找出其变化规律,总结如下:
1.把动词原形中的o改为a,变成过去式。
过去分词不变.如:
become—became,come—came
2.把动词原形中的i改为a,变成过去式。
如:
begin—began,drink—drank,give—gave,ring—rang,sing—sang,sit—sat,swim—swam,sink—sank,
3.把重读开音节中的i改为o,变成过去式。
如:
drive—drove,ride—rode,shine—shone,win—won,write—wrote
4.动词原形中的e改为o,变成过去式。
如:
get—got,forget—forgot
5.动词原形中的eep改为ept,变成过去式。
如:
keep—kept,sleep—slept,sweep—swept
6.动词原形中的an改为oo,变成过去式。
如:
stand—stood,understand—understood
7.改动词原形中的aw/ow为ew,变成过去式。
如:
draw—drew,grow—grew,know—knew,throw—threw(动词show除外,show—showed)
8.动词原形中的eak改为oke,变成过去式。
如:
break—broke,speak—spoke
9.动词原形中的ell改为old,变成过去式。
如:
sell—sold,tell—told
10.以ought和aught结尾,且读音是〔:
t〕的过去式。
如:
bring—brought,buy—bought,think—thought,catch—caught,teach—taught
11.以ould结尾且读音为〔ud〕的情态动词过去式。
如:
can—could,shall—should,will—would
12.在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式,并且发生音变。
如:
hear〔hi〕—heard〔h:
d〕,say〔sei〕—said〔sed〕,
mean〔mi:
n〕—meant〔ment〕,dream—dreamt〔dremt〕
13.动词的过去式与动词原形一样。
如:
cut—cut,hit—hit,hurt—hurt,let—let,must—must,
put—put,read—read〔red〕,set—set
14.动词的过去式有两种形式。
如:
dream—dreamed/dreamtlearn—learnt/learnedshine—shone/shined
smell—smelt/smelledwake—woke/waked
15.不符合上述规律的动词过去式。
如:
am,is—was,are—were,build—built,do—did,eat—ate,fall—fell,
feel—felt,find—found,fly—flew,go—went,have/has—had,hide—hid,
hold—held,lay—laid,leave—left,lie—lay,lose—lost,make—made,may—
might,run—ran,see—saw,smell—smelt,take—took,wake—woke,
wear—wore
经过这么一指点,初二上册所学的不规则动词过去式就一目了然了,相信同学们很快就能把它们记下来,并且一定会有事半功倍的效果。
教师寄语:
没有非常的精力和工作能力便不可能成为天才,既没有精力也没有工作能力的所谓天才,不
过是一个漂亮的肥皂泡,或者是一张只能到月球上去兑现的支票而已,但是,哪里有超乎平常
人的精力与工作能力,哪里就有天才。
Geniusisonepercentinspirationandninety-nineperspiration.
初中英语常用不规则动词分类表
(人教版)
为了帮助同学们记住不规则动词,现在把教材中出现的不规则动词分为几个类型,每个类型中又分若干组,尽量找出每组中各词变化形式的共同点,以帮助记忆。
1.A---A---A型(现在式、过去式和过去分词同形)
动词原形(现在式)过去式过去分词
costcostcost花费
cutcutcut割,切
hithithit打
letletlet让
putputput放下
readreadread读
hurthurthurt伤
2.A---A---B型(现在式和过去式同形)
beatbeatbeaten打
3.A---B---A型(现在式和过去分词同形)
comecamecome来
becomebecamebecome变
runranrun跑
4.A---B---B型
(1)在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。
burnburntburnt燃烧
learnlearned/learntlearned/learnt学习
meanmeantmeant意思
hearheardheard听见
(2)把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t”构成过去式或过去分词。
buildbuiltbuilt建筑
lendlentlent借给
loselostlost失去
sendsentsent送
spendspentspent花费
(3)其他
paypaidpaid付
laylaidlaid下蛋
saysaidsaid说
bringbroughtbrought带来
buyboughtbought买
thinkthoughtthought想
sleepsleptslept睡
keepkeptkept保持
sweepsweptswept扫
standstoodstood站
understandunderstoodunderstood明白
winwonwon得胜
shineshone/shinedshone/shined发光
catchcaughtcaught抓住
teachtaughttaught教
feelfeltfelt觉得
fightfoughtfought战斗
findfoundfound发现
getgotgot得到
hanghanged/hunghanged/hung绞死,挂
havehadhad有
holdheldheld盛,握
leaveleftleft离开
makemademade制造
meetmetmet遇见
sellsoldsold卖
shootshotshot射击
telltoldtold告诉
smellsmelt/smelledsmelt/smelled嗅,闻
sitsatsat坐
digdugdug挖
5.A---B---C型(现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同)
(1)在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。
eatateeaten吃
fallfellfallen落下
stealstolestolen偷
givegavegiven给
freezefrozefrozen冻结
taketooktaken拿
seesawseen看见
writewrotewritten写
rideroderidden骑
drivedrovedriven驾驶
throwthrewthrown抛,扔
blowblewblown吹
growgrewgrown生长
knowknewknown知道
flyflewflown飞
drawdrewdrawn拉,绘画
showshowedshown展示
(2)过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词。
speakspokespoken说话
breakbrokebroken破碎,折断
wakewaked/wokewaked/waken醒
choosechosechosen选择
forgetforgotforgotten忘记
(3)变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”(过去式)和“u”(过去分词)。
beginbeganbegun开始
ringrangrung按铃
singsangsung唱
sinksanksunk沉
swimswamswum游泳
drinkdrankdrunk饮
(4)其他不规则动词的变化。
be(am,is)was/werebeen是
be(are)werebeen是
dodiddone做
gowentgone去
lielaylain躺
wearworeworn穿
不定式(Infinitive)过去式(PastTense)过去分词(PastParticiple)
am,is是wasbeen
are是werebeen
beat击打beatbeaten
become变成becamebecome
begin开始beganbegun
blow吹blewblown
break断开brokebroken
bring带来broughtbrought
build建筑builtbuilt
burn燃烧burntburnt
buy买boughtbought
can能could/
catch抓住caughtcaught
choose选择chosechosen
come来camecome
cost价值costcost
cut切cutcut
deal处理dealtdealt
dig挖洞dugdug
do做diddone
draw画drewdrawn
dream做梦dreamtdreamt
drink喝drankdrunk
drive驾车drovedriven
eat吃ateeaten
fall落下fellfallen
feed喂fedfed
feel感觉feltfelt
find找寻foundfound
flee逃跑fledfled
fly飞flewflown
forget忘记forgotforgotten
freeze冷冻frozefrozen
get得到gotgot,gotten
give给gavegiven
go去wentgone
grow成长grewgrown
hang挂hunghung
have有hadhad
hear听heardheard
hide隐藏hidhidden,hid
hit打hithit
hold拿住heldheld
hurt伤害hurthurt
keep保持keptkept
know知道knewknown
lay放置laidlaid
learn学习learntlearnt
leave离开leftleft
lend借出lentlent
let让letlet
lie躺下laylain
lose丢失lostlost
make做mademade
may可以might/
mean意思meantmeant
meet见面metmet
mistake弄错mistookmistaken
must必须must/
pay付出paidpaid
put放putput
read读readread
ride骑roderidden
ring响rangrung
rise升起roserisen
run跑ranrun
say说saidsaid
see看见sawseen
sell卖soldsold
send送sentsent
set设置setset
shall将should/
shine照耀shone,shinedshone,shined
show展示showedshown
shut关闭shutshut
sing唱歌sangsung
sink下沉sank,sunksunk,sunken
sit坐satsat
sleep睡觉sleptslept
slide滑动slidslid,slidden
smell闻smelt,smelledsmelt,smelled
speak讲话spokespoken
spend花钱spentspent
spit吐spatspat
spoil破坏spoiltspoilt
stand站立stoodstood
steal偷窃stolestolen
sweep打扫sweptswept
swim游泳swamswum
take拿到tooktaken
teach教taughttaught
tell讲述toldtold
think思考toughtthought
throw投掷threwthrown
understand理解understoodunderstood
wake醒来waked,wokewaked,woken,woke
wear穿着woreworn
will意愿would-
win获胜wonwon
write写wrotewritten
汉语原形过去式过去分词
ABC
1喝drinkdrankdrunk
2摇铃,打电话ringrangrung
3唱歌singsangsung
4游泳swimswamswum
5开始beginbeganbegun
6落下fallfellfallen
7生长growgrewgrown
8知道knowknewknown
9放飞flyflewflown
10吹动,吹奏blowblewblown
11拿,取taketooktaken
12犯错误mistakemistookmistaken
13驾驶drivedrovedriven
14写writewrotewritten
15上升riseroserisen
16骑rideroderidden
17说speakspokespoken
18打破breakbrokebroken
19醒wakewokewoken
20忘记forgetforgotforgotten
21选择choosechosechosen
22吃eatateeaten
23给givegavegiven
24看见seesawseen
25做dodiddone
26画drawdrewdrawn
27躺lielaylain
28出示showshowedshown
29去gowentgone
30穿wearworeworn
31是am,iswasbeen
32是arewerebeen
AAC
1打,敲beatbeatbeaten
ABA
1来comecamecome
2成为becomebecamebecome
3跑runranrun
ABB
1带来bringbroughtbrought
2打架,打仗fightfoughtfought
ABB
1想thinkthoughtthought
2购买buyboughtbought
3教teachtaughttaught
4捉住
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