英语演讲教程docx.docx

英语演讲教程docx.docx

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英语演讲教程docx

英语演讲教程

PresentationsandPublicSpeakinginEnglish

Apresentationisaformaltalktooneormore

peoplethat

"presents"ideas

or

information

in

aclear,

structured

way.Peoplearesometimesafraid

of

speaking

in

public,

but

ifyoufollow

afewsimple

rules,

giving

apresentationisactuallyveryeasy.Thistutorial

guidesyouthrough

eachstageofgiving

apresentation

in

English,

from

the

initial

preparation

to

the

conclusion

andquestions

andanswers.

This

tutorial

is

itselfsetoutlikeamini-presentation.

PreparationCan

younamethe

3mostimportant

things

whengivinganypresentation?

Number1is...Preparation

Number2is...Preparation!

Number3is...Preparation!

!

Preparationiseverything!

Withgoodpreparationand

planningyouwillbe

totallyconfidentandlessnervous.Andyouraudience

will

feelyour

confidence.

Your

audience,

too,

will

be

confident.

they

will

beconfident

inyou.

Andthis

will

giveyoucontrol.Controlofyouraudienceandofyour

presentation.Withcontrol,youwillbe'incharge'and

youraudiencewilllistenpositivelytoyourmessage.

ObjectiveBeforeyoustarttopreparea

presentation,youshouldaskyourself:

"WhyamImaking

thispresentation?

"Doyouneedtoinform,topersuade,

totrainortosell?

Yourobjectiveshouldbeclearin

yourmind.Ifitisnotclearinyourmind,itcannot

possiblybecleartoyouraudience.

Audience"WhoamImakingthispresentationto?

"

Sometimesthiswillbeobvious,butnotalways.You

shouldtrytoinformyourself.Howmanypeople?

Whoare

they?

Businesspeople?

Professionalpeople?

Political

people?

Expertsornon-experts?

Willitbeasmall,

intimategroupof4colleaguesoralargegatheringof

400petitors?

Howmuchdotheyknowalreadyandwhat

willtheyexpectfromyou?

Venue"WhereamImakingthispresentation?

"Ina

smallhotelmeeting-roomoralargeconferencehall?

Whatfacilitiesandequipmentareavailab

ble?

Whataretheseatingarrangements?

Timeandlength"WhenamImakingthispresentation

andhowlong

will

it

be?

"

Will

it

be5minutes

or

1hour?

Justbeforelunch,whenyouraudiencewillbehungry,

orjust

after

lunch,

whenyour

audience

will

besleepy?

MethodHowshouldImakethispresentation?

"What

approachshouldyouuse?

Formalorinformal?

Lotsof

visual

aids

or

only

a

few?

Will

you

include

some

anecdotesandhumourforvariety?

Content"WhatshouldIsay?

"Nowyoumustdecide

exactly

whatyou

want

to

say.

First,

you

should

brainstorm

your

ideas.

Youwill

nodoubt

discovermany

ideasthatyouwanttoincludeinyourpresentation.

Butyou

mustbe

selective.You

shouldincludeonly

information

that

is

relevant

to

youraudience

andyour

objective.

Youshould

exclude

all

other

ideas.

Youalso

needtocreateatitleforyourpresentation（ifyou

havenotalreadybeengivenatitle）.Thetitlewill

helpyoutofocusonthesubject.Andyouwillprepare

yourvisualaids,ifyouhavedecidedtousethem.But

remember,in

general,

lessisbetter

than

more（a

little

isbetterthanalot）.Youcanalwaysgiveadditional

information

during

the

questions

after

the

presentation.

StructureA

well

organised

presentation

witha

clearstructureiseasierfortheaudiencetofollow.

It

is

therefore

moreeffective.

Youshould

organise

the

points

youwish

tomakein

a

logical

order.

Most

presentationsareorganisedinthreeparts,followed

byquestions:

Beginning

Short

introduction

wele

your

audienceintroduce

your

subjectexplain

the

structure

of

your

presentationexplain

rules

for

questionsMiddle

Body

of

presentation

present

the

subject

itselfEnd

Short

conclusion

summariseyour

presentationthank

your

audienceinvitequestionsQuestionsandAnswers

NotesWhenyougiveyourpresentation,youshould

be-orappeartobe-asspontaneousaspossible.You

shouldnotreadyourpresentation!

Youshouldbeso

familiarwith

your

subject

andwith

the

information

that

youwant

to

deliver

that

youdonot

needto

readatext.

Reading

atext

is

boring!

Readingatext

will

makeyour

audience

gotosleep!

Soifyoudon'thaveatexttoread,how

canyouremembertosayeverything

youneedto

say?

With

notes.Youcancreateyourownsystemofnotes.Some

people

makenotes

onsmall,

A6cards.

Somepeople

write

downjust

thetitle

of

eachsection

of

their

talk.

Some

peoplewritedownkeywordstoremindthem.Thenotes

willgiveyouconfidence,butbecauseyouwillhave

prepared

yourpresentation

fully,

youmaynot

evenneed

them!

RehearsalRehearsal

is

avital

part

of

preparation.

Youshould

leave

time

topractise

your

presentation

two

orthree

times.

This

will

havethe

following

benefits:

youwillbeemorefamiliarwithwhatyouwantto

sayyou

will

identify

weaknesses

in

your

presentationyou

will

be

able

to

practise

difficult

pronunciationsyouwillbeabletocheckthetimethat

your

presentation

takes

and

make

any

necessary

modificationsSo

prepare,

prepare,

prepare!

Prepare

everything:

words,

visual

aids,

timing,

equipment.

Rehearseyourpresentationseveraltimesandtimeit.

Isittherightlength?

Areyoupletelyfamiliarwithallyourillustrations?

Aretheyintherightorder?

Doyouknowwhotheaudienceis?

Howmanypeople?

Howwillyouanswerdifficultquestions?

Doyouknowtheroom?

Areyouconfidentabouttheequipment?

Whenyou

have

answered

all

these

questions,

you

will

bea

confident,enthusiasticpresenterreadytomunicate

thesubject

of

your

presentation

toaneager

audience.

Equipment

Easily

yourmost

important

piece

of

equipment

is...YOU!

Makesureyou'reinfullworkingorder,and

checkyourpersonalpresentationcarefully-ifyou

don't,

your

audience

will!

the

overhead

projector

（OHP）

displaysoverheadtransparencies（OHTsorOHPTs）.It

hasseveral

advantagesover

the

35mmslide

projector:

it

canbeusedindaylighttheuse

rcanfacetheaudiencetheusercanwriteordraw

directly

onthetransparency

while

inusethe

whiteboard

（more

rarely

blackboard

or

GREenboard）

is

a

useful

deviceforspontaneouswriting-asinbrainstorming,

forexample.Forpreparedmaterial,theOHPmightbe

more

suitable.

The

duster

is

usedforcleaning

the

whiteboard.Itisessentialthatthedusterbeclean

tostart

with.

Youmayconsider

carrying

your

ownduster

just

in

case.

Markers

are

used

for

writing

on

the

whiteboard

（delible

-

you

can

remove

theink）

or

flipchart

（indelible

-youcannot

removethe

ink）.

They

areusuallyavailableinblue,red,blackandgreen.

Again,

it'sagoodidea

to

carry

asparesetof

markers

incaseyouare

given

someusedoneswhich

donot

write

well.

"A

goodworkman

neverblameshis

tools."

The

flipchart

consists

of

several

leaves

ofpaper

that

you

'flip'orturnover.Somepeopleprefertheflipchart

tothewhiteboard,butitsuseislimitedtosmaller

presentations.

TheSlide

projector

-

which

mustbeused

inadarkenedroom-addsacertaindrama.Someslide

projectors

can

be

synchronised

with

audio

for

audio-visual（AV）presentations.Theseprojectorsare

typicallyusedforlargerpresentations.Themajority

take

35mmslides

ortransparencies

（asseenhere）,

but

projectors

for

6x6cm

slides

are

also

available.

Transparenciesareprojectedbyanoverheadprojector

oraslideprojectorontoascreen-inthiscasea

folding

screen

which

canbepackedupandtransported.

The

notebookputer

is

increasingly

being

used

to

display

graphics

during

presentations.

It

isoften

used

in

conjunction

with

an

overhead

projector,

which

actually

projects

the

imagefrom

the

puter

screen

onto

the

wall

screen.

Handouts

are

anydocumentsor

samples

that

you'hand

out'

ordistribute

toyour

audience.

Note

that

it

is

not

usually

a

good

idea

to

distribute

handoutsbeforeyourpresentation.Theaudiencewill

readthehandoutsinsteadoflisteningtoyou.

Delivery

'Delivery'

refers

tothe

wayinwhich

you

actually

deliver

orperform

or

give

your

presentation.

Delivery

isavitalaspectofallpresentations.Deliveryisat

least

as

important

as

content,

especially

ina

multi-culturalcontext.

NervesMostspeakersarealittlenervousatthe

beginning

of

apresentation.

Soit

isnormalif

youare

nervous.Theansweristopayspecialattentiontothe

beginning

of

your

presentation.

First

impressions

count.Thisisthetimewhenyouestablisharapport

with

youraudience.

Duringthistime,tryto

sp