版高考英语二轮江苏教师用书第1部分 专题3 类型7 社会生活.docx

版高考英语二轮江苏教师用书第1部分 专题3 类型7 社会生活.docx

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版高考英语二轮江苏教师用书第1部分专题3类型7社会生活

类型7|社会生活

（对应学生用书第78页）

考查要点

方法技巧

1．社会生活中所遇到的各种机遇和挑战。

2．迎接机遇或挑战的观点和态度。

3．处理或解决问题的方式方法。

4．人们工作、生活、社交的方式及其影响。

1．明确文章的体裁，把握文章的结构。

2．运用归纳概括等方法得出文章的主题。

3．明确事情的前因后果，找出问题的解决办法。

4．抓住诸多细节，推知文章的寓意。

（2015·江苏高考卷）

FreedomandResponsibility

Freedom'schallengeintheDigitalAgeisaserioustopic.Wearefacingtodayastrangenewworldandweareallwonderingwhatwearegoingtodowithit.

Some2，500yearsagoGreecediscoveredfreedom.Beforethattherewasnofreedom.Thereweregreatcivilizations，splendidempires，butnofreedomanywhere.EgyptandBabylonwerebothtyrannies，oneverypowerfulmanrulingoverhelplessmasses.

InGreece，inAthens（雅典），alittlecityinalittlecountry，therewerenohelplessmasses.AndAthenianswillinglyobeyedthewrittenlawswhichtheythemselvespassed，andtheunwritten，whichmustbeobeyediffreemenlivetogether.Theymustshoweachotherkindnessandpityandthemanyqualitieswithoutwhichlifewouldbeverypainfulunlessonechosetolivealoneinthedesert.TheAtheniansneverthoughtthatamanwasfreeifhecoulddowhathewanted.Amanwasfreeifhewas

selfcontrolled.Tomakeyourselfobeywhatyouapprovedwasfreedom.Theyweresavedfromlookingattheirlivesastheirownprivateaffair.EachonefeltresponsibleforthewelfareofAthens，notbecauseitwasforcedonhimfromtheoutside，butbecausethecitywashisprideandhissafety.Theessentialbeliefofthefirstfreegovernmentintheworldwaslibertyforallmenwhocouldcontrolthemselvesandwouldtakeresponsibilityforthestate.

Butdiscoveringfreedomisnotlikediscoveringcomputers.Itcannotbediscoveredonceforall.Ifpeopledonotprizeit，andworkforit，itwillgo.Constantwatchisitsprice.Athenschanged.Itwasachangethattookplacewithoutbeingnoticedthoughitwasoftheextremeimportance，aspiritualchangewhichaffectedthewholestate.IthadbeentheAthenian'sprideandjoytogivetotheircity.Thattheycouldgetmaterialbenefitsfromherneverenteredtheirminds.Therehadtobeacompletechangeofattitudebeforetheycouldlookatthecityasanemployerwho

paidhercitizensfordoingherwork.Nowinsteadofmengivingtothestate，thestatewastogivetothem.Whatthepeoplewantedwasagovernmentwhichwouldprovideacomfortablelifeforthem;andwiththisastheprimaryobject，ideasoffreedomandselfrelianceandresponsibilitywereneglectedtothepointofdisappearing.Athenswasmoreandmorelookedonasacooperativebusinesspossessedofgreatwealthinwhichallcitizenshadarighttoshare.

Athensreachedthepointwhenthefreedomshereallywantedwasfreedomfromresponsibility.There_could_be_only_one_result．Ifmeninsistedonbeingfreefromtheburdenofselfdependenceandresponsibilityforthecommongood，theywouldceasetobefree.Responsibilityisthepriceeverymanmustpayforfreedom.Itistobehadonnootherterms.Athens，theAthensofAncientGreece，refusedresponsibility;shereachedtheendoffreedomandwasnevertohaveitagain.

But，“theexcellentbecomesthepermanent，”Aristotlesaid.Athenslostfreedomforever，butfreedomwasnotlostforeverfortheworld.AgreatAmerican，JamesMadison，referredto：

“Thecapacity（能力）ofmankindforselfgovernment.”NodoubthehadnotanideathathewasspeakingGreek.Athenswasnotinthefarthestbackgroundofhismind，butoncemanhasagreatandgoodidea，itisnevercompletelylost.TheDigitalAgecannotdestroyit.Somehowinthisorthatman'sthoughtsuchanidealivesthoughunconsideredbytheworldofaction.Onecanneverbesurethatitisnotonthepointofbreakingoutintoactiononlysurethatitwilldososometime.

65．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tyrannies”inParagraph2referto?

A．Countrieswheretheirpeopleneedhelp.

B．Powerfulstateswithhighercivilization.

C．Splendidempireswherepeopleenjoyfreedom.

D．Governmentsruledwithabsolutepower.

66．Peoplebelievinginfreedomarethosewho________．

A．regardtheirlifeastheirownbusiness

B．seekgainsastheirprimaryobject

C．behavewithinthelawsandvaluesystems

D．treatotherswithkindnessandpity

67．WhatchangeinattitudetookplaceinAthens?

A．TheAtheniansrefusedtotaketheirresponsibility.

B．TheAtheniansnolongertookprideinthecity.

C．TheAtheniansbenefitedspirituallyfromthegovernment.

D．TheAthenianslookedonthegovernmentasabusiness.

68．Whatdoesthesentence“Therecouldbeonlyoneresult.”inParagraph5mean?

A．Athenswouldcontinuetobefree.

B．Athenswouldceasetohavefreedom.

C．Freedomwouldcomefromresponsibility.

D．FreedomwouldstopAthensfromselfdependence.

69．WhydoestheauthorrefertoAristotleandMadison?

A．Theauthorishopefulaboutfreedom.

B．Theauthoriscautiousaboutselfgovernment.

C．TheauthorisskepticalofGreekcivilization.

D．Theauthorisproudofman'scapacity.

70．Whatistheauthor'sunderstandingoffreedom?

A．Freedomcanbemorepopularinthedigitalage.

B．Freedommaycometoanendinthedigitalage.

C．Freedomshouldhavepriorityoverresponsibility.

D．Freedomneedstobeguaranteedbyresponsibility.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了自由和责任的关系。

只有人人都懂得自律，承担起应该承担的责任，才能获得真正的自由。

长难句解读：

AndAthenianswillinglyobeyedthewrittenlawswhichtheythemselvespassed，andtheunwritten，whichmustbeobeyediffreemenlivetogether.

分析：

本句是一个复合句。

句中主语是Athenians，谓语动词obeyed后面有两个并列的宾语，一个是thewrittenlaws，还有一个是theunwritten；两个宾语后面都各自跟了一个which引导的定语从句。

翻译：

雅典人自愿地遵守他们自己颁布的成文的法律以及作为自由人生活在一起必须遵守的不成文的法律。

65．D　[考查词义猜测。

根据画线词后面的同位语oneverypowerfulmanrulingoverhelplessmasses可知。

]

66．C　[考查推理判断。

整篇文章都是在强调自由和责任的关系，尤其是根据文章第三段第五、六句“Amanwasfreeifhewasselfcontrolled.Tomakeyourselfobeywhatyouapprovedwasfreedom.”可知，自由是属于那些遵守法律、重视社会制度的人。

]

67．A　[考查细节理解。

根据文章第五段第一句“Athensreachedthepointwhenthefreedomshereallywantedwasfreedomfromresponsibility.”可知。

]

68．B　[考查推理判断。

根据文章第五段第三句“Ifmeninsistedonbeingfreefromtheburdenofselfdependenceandresponsibilityforthecommongood,theywouldceasetobefree.”可知。

]

69．A　[考查推理判断。

文章最后一段的主题句是“Athenslostfreedomforever,butfreedomwasnotlostforeverfortheworld.”，因此作者列举Aristotle和Madison的例子都是为了说明“这个世界永远都不会失去自由”，可见作者对自由是充满希望的。

]

70．D　[考查推理判断。

文章的标题就是“FreedomandResponsibility”。

作者运用雅典的故事，说明当人们懂得自律和承担责任的时候，就有自由，反之就会失去了自由。

所以自由需要由责任来保证。

]

A

（2017·扬州高三一模）Usingamobilephoneformorethan10yearsincreasestheriskofgettingbraincancer，accordingtothemostcomprehensivestudyoftherisksyetpublished.

Thestudy—whichcontradictsofficialstatementsthatthereisnodangerofgettingthediseasefoundthatpeoplewhohavehadthephonesforadecadeormorearetwiceaslikelytogetamalignanttumour（恶性肿瘤）onthesideofthebrainwheretheyholdthehandset.

Thescientistswhoconductedtheresearchsayusingamobileforjustanhoureveryworkingdayduringthatperiodisenoughtoincreasetherisk—andthattheinternationalstandardusedtoprotectusersfromtheradiationemittedis“notsafe”and“needstoberevised”．

Theyconcludedthat“cautionisneededintheuseofmobilephones”andbelievechildren，whoareespeciallyvulnerable（脆弱的），shouldbediscouragedfromusingthematall.

Britain'slargestinvestigationintothehealthrisksofthetechnology，theMobileTelecommunicationsandHealthResearch（MTHR）programmefundedby“governmentandindustrysources”reportedthat“mobilephoneshavenotbeenfoundtobeassociatedwithanybiologicalorharmfulhealtheffects”．

Butitschairman，ProfessorLawrieChallis，admittedthatonlyasmallproportionoftheresearchhadcoveredpeoplewhohadusedthephonesformorethanadecade.Hewarned：

“Wecannotruleoutthepossibilityatthisstagethatcancercouldappearinafewyears'time.”

Thenewstudy—headedbytwoSwedes，ProfessorLennartHardelloftheUniversityHospitalinOrebroandProfessorKjellHanssonMildofUmeaUniversity，whoalsoservesontheMTHRprogramme'smanagementcommittee—goessomewaytomeetingthedeficiency（缺陷）．

Thescientistspulledtogethertheresultsofthe11studiesthathavesofarinvestigatedtheoccurrenceoftumoursinpeoplewhohaveusedphonesformorethanadecade，usingresearchinSweden，Denmark，Finland，Japan，Germany，theUnitedStatesandBritain.Theyfoundalmostallhaddiscoveredanincreasedrisk，especiallyonthesideoftheheadwherepeoplelistenedtotheirhandsets.

Fiveofthesixstudiesofmalignanttumoursfoundanincreasedrisk，andonlyonehasnotstillfoundanincreaseinbenign（良性的）tumours.Fourofthefivestudiesthatlookedatacousticneuromas（听神经肿瘤）foundthem.Theexceptionwasbasedononlytwocasesofthedisease，butstillfoundthatlongtermusershadlargertumoursthanotherpeople.

Thescientistsassembledthefindingsofallthestudiestoanalysethemcollectively.Thisrevealedthatpeoplewhohaveusedtheirphonesforadecadeormoreare20percentmorelikelytocontractacousticneuromas，and30percentmorelikelytogetmalignantgliomas（胶质瘤）．

Theriskisevengreateronthesideoftheheadthehandsetisused：

longtermusersweretwiceaslikelytogetthegliomas，andtwoandahalftimesmorelikelytogettheacousticneuromastherethanotherpeople.

Thescientistsconclude：

“Resultsfrompresentstudiesontheuseofmobilephonesformorethan10yearsgiveaconsistentpatternofanincreasedriskforacousticneuromasandgliomas.”Theyaddthat“anincreasedriskforothertypesofbraintumourscannotberuledout”．

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇研究报告。

介绍了长期使用手机可能会引发脑癌的观点。

1．Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________．

A．thereisnolinkbetweenmalignanttumoursandmobilephones

B．allbraincancersresultfromthelongexposuretothemobileradiation

C．thepresentstandardbyauthoritiesonmobileradiationiscontroversial

D．theriskofbraincancercausedbym