美国文学选读复习资料.docx
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美国文学选读复习资料.docx
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美国文学选读复习资料
AmericanPuritanism殖民地时期
(roughlyfromthesettlementofAmericaintheearly17thcenturythroughtheendofthe18th)
一、BenjaminFranklin本杰明•富兰克林
作品:
1、PoorRichard'sAlmanac《格言历书》---ACollectionofmaxims,orproverbs,onthevalueofworkandsavingsforsuccess、
2、TheAutobiography《自传》---“美国梦”得根源
3、参与起草《独立宣言》
浪漫主义AmericanRomanticism
TheRomanticPeriodstretchesfrom theendofthe18thcenturytotheoutbreakoftheCivilWar、ItisaperiodofthegreatfloweringofAmericanliterature、
ThesocialandculturalbackgroundofRomanticism
TheyoungRepublicwas flourishing intoapolitically,economicallyandculturallyindependentcountry、
TheRomanticwritingsrevealeduniquecharacteristicsoftheirownintheirworksandtheygrewonthenativelands、
The desireforanescapefromsocietyandareturntonaturebecameapermanentconventionofAmericanliterature、
TheAmericanPuritanismasaculturalheritageexertedgreatinfluencesoverAmericanmoralvalues、
Romantics frequently shared certain general characteristics:
moral enthusiasm, faith in value of individualism and intuitive perception, and a presumption that the natural world was a source of goodness and man’s societies as a source of corruption、
二、Edgar Allan Poe 埃德加·爱伦·坡
---poet, short story writer and literary critic (48 poems,70 short stories)
He greatly influenced the devotees of “Art for art’s sake、”
He was father of psychoanalytic criticism (心理分析批评), and the detective story、 诗歌得精髓就就是追求美
小说得主题常常就是恐怖与死亡,其中还运用了象征手法。
The Poetic Principle :
1、 The poem, should be short, readable at one sitting;
2、 Beauty (the rhythmical creation of beauty);
3、 Melancholy 忧伤(especially the death of a beautiful woman)、
代表作:
The Fall of the House of Usher 《厄舍大厦得倒塌》
Ligeia 《莉盖亚》
Annabel Lee 《安娜贝尔·李》
The Raven 《乌鸦》
The Cask of Amontillado 《阿芒提拉多得酒桶》---gothic novel
人物:
蒙特利瑟Montresor, 弗图纳多Fortunato ,筵席上男人将喝醉得死对头哄骗至地窖并砌墙活埋得故事。
三.爱默生
Emerson= ThechiefspokesmanofNewEngland Transcendentalism 超验主义
Hewasadescendent(后裔)ofalonglineofNewEngland clergymen牧师【pastor】、
散文家、诗人、超验主义得哲学得主要倡导者。
AmericanTranscendentalism
Asaphilosophicalandliterarymovement,AmericanTranscendentalism(alsoknownas“ AmericanRenaissance”)flourshedinNewEngland fromthe1830stotheCivilWar、ItisthehightideofAmericanromanticismanditsdoctrinesfoundtheirgreatestliteraryadvocatesin EmersonandThoreau、 TranscendentalistsspokefortheculturalrejuvenationandagainstthematerialismofAmericansociety、
Transcendentalism 超验主义(+H、D、Thoreau;NathanielHawthorne;)
ThemajorfeaturesofTranscendentalism:
1TheTranscendentalistsplaced emphasisonspirit, orthe Oversoul, asthemostimportantthinginthe universe、思想超灵宇宙
2TheTranscendentalistsstressedthe importanceoftheindividual、 Tothem,the individualisthemostimportantelementofSociety、个体+社会
③TheTranscendentalistsofferedafresh perceptionofnatureassymbolicoftheSpiritorGod、Naturewasnotpurelymatter、Itwasalive,filledwithGod’soverwhelmingpresence、自然+上帝
代表作:
Nature《论自然》---the Bible of Transcendentalism by Emerson ;
Self-Reliance 《论自助》 ---就是表达她得超验主义观点得最重要作品之一一 The American Scholar《论美国学者》 ;
The Over-soul 《论超灵》
四、Nathaniel Hawthorne纳撒尼尔·霍桑 --- effected by 超验主义
He was born into a prominent Puritan family、
One of the most ambivalent(矛盾得)writers in the American literary history、
主要成就:
美国心理分析小说得开创者 浪漫主义小说家 心理小说家
代表作:
Mosses from an Old Manse 《古宅青苔》;
Twice-Told Tales 《故事重述》;
The Marble Faun 《玉石雕像》;
The House of the Seven Gables 《带有七个尖角阁得房子》
The Scarlet Letter《红字》
Many of his earlier stories had treated themes that led to The Scarlet Letter、
Theme:
Puritan severity toward sex and matrimony and its tendency to suppress bright color and true feelings、
The Scarlet Letter《红字》 :
Hester Prynne---strong-willed, impetuous, a king of passionate, maternal figure;
Pearl---innocent, perceptive;
Roger Chillingworth---a man deficient in human warmth, true evil in the story;
Arthur Dimmesdale---intelligent and emotional、
[Symbolism in his works
Hawthorne is a master of symbolism, which he took from the Puritan tradition 清教徒传统and bequeathed to American literature in a revivified form、 In his masterpiece, by using
Pearl as a thematic symbol, Hawthorne emphasizes the consequence the sin of adultery has
brought to the munity and people living in that munity、 With the scarlet A as the
biggest symbol of all, which is ambiguous, he proves himself to be one of the best ]
symbolists、
五、Herman Melville 赫尔曼·梅尔维尔
The early sailing ex
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