最新高考英语江苏卷阅读理解附答案.docx
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最新高考英语江苏卷阅读理解附答案.docx
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最新高考英语江苏卷阅读理解附答案
第三部分:
阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
请阅读下列短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
56.AccordingtotheCode,visitorsshouldact .
A.withcareandrespectB.withreliefandpleasure
C.withcautionandcalmnessD.withattentionandobservation
57.WhatareyouencouragedtodowhentravellinginNewZealand?
A.Takeyourowncampingfacilities.
B.Buryglassfarawayfromrivers.
C.Followthetrackforthesakeofplants.
D.Observesignstoapproachnestingbirds.
B
IntheUnitedStatesalone,over100millioncell-phonesarethrownawayeachyear.Cell-phonesarepartofagrowingmountainofelectronicwastelikecomputersandpersonaldigital assistants.Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimesfasterthantraditionalgarbageasawhole.
Electronicdevicescontainvaluablemetalssuchasgoldandsilver.ASwissstudyreportedthat whiletheweightofelectronicgoodsrepresentedbypreciousmetalswasrelativelysmallin comparisontototalwaste,theconcentration(含量)ofgoldandotherpreciousmetalswashigherin so-callede-wastethaninnaturallyoccurringminerals.
Electronicwastesalsocontainmanypoisonousmetals.Evenwhenthemachinesarerecycled andtheharmfulmetalsremoved,therecyclingprocessofteniscarriedoutinpoorcountries,in practicallyuncontrolledwayswhichallowmanypoisonoussubstancestoescapeintothe
environment.
Creatingproductsoutofrawmaterialscreatesmuchmorewastematerial,upto100times more,thanthematerialcontainedinthefinishedproducts.Consideragainthecell-phone,and imaginetheminesthatproducedthosemetals,thefactoriesneededtomaketheboxandpackaging
(包装)itcamein.Manywastesproducedintheproducingprocessareharmfulaswell.
TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencynotesthatmostwasteisdangerousinthat“the production,distribution,anduseofproducts—aswellasmanagementoftheresultingwaste—all resultingreenhousegas release."Individualscanreducetheircontributionbycreatinglesswasteat
thestart—forinstance,buyingreusableproductsandrecycling.
Inmanycountriestheconceptofextendedproducerresponsibilityisbeingconsideredorhas beenputinplaceasanincentive(动机)forreducingwaste.Ifproducersarerequiredtotakeback packagingtheyusetoselltheirproducts,wouldtheyreducethepackaginginthefirstplace?
Governments'incentivetorequireproducerstotakeresponsibilityforthepackagingthey produceisusuallybasedonmoney.Why,theyask,shouldcitiesortownsberesponsibleforpaying todealwiththebubblewrap(气泡垫)thatencasedyourtelevision?
Fromthegovernments'pointofview,aprimarygoaloflawsrequiringextendedproducer responsibilityistotransferboththecostsandthephysicalresponsibilityofwastemanagementfromthegovernmentandtax-payersbacktotheproducers.
58.BymentioningtheSwissstudy,theauthorintendstotellusthat .
A.theweightofe-goodsisrathersmall
B.e-wastedeservestobemadegooduseof
C.naturalmineralscontainmorepreciousmetals
D.thepercentageofpreciousmetalsisheavyine-waste
59.Theresponsibilityofe-wastetreatmentshouldbeextended.
A.fromproducerstogovernmentsB.fromgovernmentstoproducers
C.fromindividualstodistributorsD.fromdistributorstogovernments
60.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?
A.Theincreaseine-waste.B.Thecreationofe-waste.
C.Theseriousnessofe-waste.D.Themanagementofe-waste.
C
Supposeyoubecomealeaderinanorganization.It'sverylikelythatyou'llwanttohavevolunteerstohelpwiththeorganization'sactivities.Todoso,itshouldhelptounderstandwhy peopleundertakevolunteerworkandwhatkeepstheirinterestinthework.
Let'sbeginwiththequestionofwhypeoplevolunteer.Researchershaveidentifiedseveral factorsthatmotivatepeopletogetinvolved.Forexample,peoplevolunteertoexpresspersonal valuesrelatedtounselfishness,toexpandtheirrangeofexperiences,andtostrengthensocial
relationships.Ifvolunteerpositionsdonotmeettheseneeds,peoplemaynotwishtoparticipate.Toselectvolunteers,youmayneedtounderstandthemotivationsofthepeopleyouwishtoattract.
Peoplealsovolunteerbecausetheyarerequiredtodoso.Toincreaselevelsofcommunity service,someschoolshavelaunchedcompulsoryvolunteerprograms.Unfortunately,theseprograms canshiftpeople'swishofparticipationfromaninternalfactor(e.g.,“Ivolunteerbecauseit's importanttome")toanexternalfactor(e.g.,“IvolunteerbecauseI'mrequiredtodoso").When thathappens,peoplebecomelesslikelytovolunteerinthefuture.Peoplemustbesensitivetothis possibilitywhentheymakevolunteeractivitiesamust.
Oncepeoplebegintovolunteer,whatleadsthemtoremainintheirpositionsovertime?
To answerthisquestion,researchershaveconductedfollow-upstudiesinwhichtheytrackvolunteers overtime.Forinstance,onestudyfollowed238volunteersinFloridaoverayear.Oneofthemost importantfactorsthatinfluencedtheirsatisfactionasvolunteerswastheamountofsufferingthey experiencedintheirvolunteerpositions.Althoughthisresultmaynotsurpriseyou,itleadsto importantpracticaladvice.Theresearchersnotethatattentionshouldbegivento“trainingmethodsthatwouldpreparevolunteersfortroublesomesituationsorprovidethemwithstrategiesforcopingwiththeproblemtheydoexperience".
Anotherstudyof302volunteersathospitalsinChicagofocusedonindividualdifferencesin thedegreetowhichpeopleview“volunteer"asanimportantsocialrole.Itwasassumedthatthose peopleforwhomtheroleofvolunteerwasmostpartoftheirpersonalidentitywouldalsobemost likelytocontinuevolunteerwork.Participantsindicatedthedegreetowhichthesocialrolematteredbyrespondingtostatementssuchas“VolunteeringinHospitalisanimportantpartofwhoIam."Consistentwiththeresearchers'expectations,theyfoundapositivecorrelation(正相关)betweenthestrengthofroleidentityandthelengthoftimepeoplecontinuedtovolunteer.Theseresults,onceagain,leadtoconcreteadvice:
“Onceanindividualbeginsvolunteering,continuedeffortsmight focusondevelopingavolunteerroleidentity....ItemslikeT-shirtsthatallowvolunteerstobe recognizedpubliclyfortheircontributionscanhelpstrengthenroleidentity".
61.Peoplevolunteermainlyoutof .
A.academicrequirementsB.socialexpectations
C.financialrewardsD.internalneeds
62.WhatcanwelearnfromtheFloridastudy?
A.Follow-upstudiesshouldlastforoneyear.B.Volunteersshouldgetmentallyprepared.
C.Strategytrainingisamustinresearch.D.Volunteersareprovidedwithconcreteadvice.
63.Whatismostlikelytomotivatevolunteerstocontinuetheirwork?
A.Individualdifferencesinroleidentity.B.PubliclyidentifiablevolunteerT-shirts.
C.Roleidentityasavolunteer.D.Practicaladvicefromresearchers.
64.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?
A.HowtoGetPeopletoVolunteerB.HowtoStudyVolunteerBehaviors
C.HowtoKeepVolunteers'InterestD.HowtoOrganizeVolunteerActivities
D
FreedomandResponsibility
Freedom'schallengeintheDigitalAgeisaserioustopic.Wearefacingtodayastrangenew worldandweareallwonderingwhatwearegoingtodowithit.
Some2,500yearsagoGreecediscoveredfreedom.Beforethattherewasnofreedom.There weregreatcivilizations,splendidempires,butnofreedomanywhere.EgyptandBabylonwereboth tyrannies,oneverypowerfulmanrulingoverhelplessmasses.
InGreece,inAthens(雅典),alittlecityinalittlecountry,therewerenohelplessmasses.And Athenianswillinglyobeyedthewrittenlawswhichtheythemselvespassed,andtheunwritten,which mustbeobeyediffreemenlivetogether.Theymustshoweachotherkindnessandpityandthe manyqualitieswithoutwhichlifewouldbeverypainfulunlessonechosetolivealoneinthedesert.
TheAtheniansneverthoughtthatamanwasfreeifhecoulddowhathewanted.Amanwasfreeif hewasself-controlled.Tomakeyourselfobeywhatyouapprovedwasfreedom.Theyweresaved fromlookingattheirlivesastheirownprivateaffair.Eachonefeltresponsibleforthewelfareof Athens,notbecauseitwasforcedonhimfromtheoutside,butbecausethecitywashisprideand hissafety.Theessentialbeliefofthefirstfreegovernmentintheworldwaslibertyforallmenwho couldcontrolthemselvesandwouldtakeresponsibilityforthestate.
Butdiscoveringfreedomisnotlikediscoveringcomputers.Itcannotbediscoveredonceforall. Ifpeopledonotprizeit,andworkforit,itwillgo.Constantwatchisitsprice.Athenschanged.It wasachangethattookplacewithoutbeingnoticedthoughitwasoftheextremeimportance,a spiritualchangewhichaffectedthewholestate.IthadbeentheAthenian'sprideandjoytogiveto theircity.Thattheycouldgetmaterialbenefitsfromherneverenteredtheirminds.Therehadtobe acompletechangeofattitudebeforetheycouldlookatthecityasanemployerwhopaidher citizensfordoingherwork.Nowinsteadofmengivingtothestate,thestatewastogivetothem.
Whatthepeoplewantedwasagovernmentwhichwouldprovideacomfortablelifeforthem;and withthisastheprimaryobject,ideasoffreedomandself-relianceandresponsibilitywereneglected tothepointofdisappearing.Athenswasmoreandmorelookedonasacooperativebusiness
possessedofgreatwealthinwhichallcitizenshadarighttoshare. Athensreachedthepointwhenthefreedomshereallywantedwasfreedomfromresponsibility.
Therecouldbeonlyone
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