翻译模版.docx
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翻译模版.docx
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翻译模版
毕业设计(论文)英文资料译文
英文题目:
Theanalysisofthebalanceddevelopment
problemofChinaTourismservicetrade
中文题目:
中国旅游服务贸易均衡发展问题研究
专业:
国贸1101班
学生姓名:
倪志刚
学号:
111001107
指导教师:
邱爱莲
时间:
2015年3月20日
Theanalysisofthebalanceddevelopment
problemofChinaTourismservicetrade
LuXiao-jin,HuHui-min
Guilininstituteoftourism
Abstract
Underthesituationoftradedeficitoftourismtradeinservice,thescaleofthedeficitandthelostofnationalforeigncurrencyexchangeareincreasingindirectproportioninChina.Itisapseudo-propositionthatbalancesChina’sinternationalpaymentviathedeficitinthetradeoftravelservices.Nowadays,Chinaisatacrucialperiodoftransformationandupgradeinforeigntradestructure.Tour-ismservicetrademeetsthegoalofthestructureupgrade.Atthepresentstage,chinashouldinsistthebalanceddevelopmentoftourismservicetrade.
Keywords:
tourismservice;tradedeficit;balancedevelopment
Tourismservicetradeisoneofthepillarindustriesinchina’sservicetrade.Accordingto“thetourismcompetitivereport”releasedbytheWorldEconomicForumin2011,China’snaturalresourcesisrankedfifthplaceintheworld.Chinahadkeptthesituationthatimportsoftourismexceededexportsoftourismuntil2009.TourismservicetradebegantoappeardeficitsinceChina’seconomicpolicyemphasizedtheroleinboostingdomesticdemand.Thesizeofdeficitreached$24.1billion,whichaccountsfor20%ofthetourismservicetrade.Therefore,theimportsandexportsoftourismareinanunbalancestate.Accordingto“theannualreportofchinaoutboundtourismdevelopment2012”releasedbytheChinanationaltourismadministration,thedeficitwillexpandto$33billion.Thetourismservicetradeisfacingthetrendofrapidgrowthyearbyyear.Thisphenomenondidnotattractgovernmentenoughattention.Theauthorthinksthattherapidexpansionofthedeficitinthetradeoftravelservicesshouldcauseourhighvigilance.
1.Thenationalexchangecostinthesituationofthedeficitinthetradeoftravelservices
Atpresent,China’sexportsoftourismgrowslowly.Thescaleoftourismservicestrademainlyreliesonthegrowthoftheimportsoftourism.Accordingtotheauthor’sanalysis,therearesystemdeficiencieswhichexistinChina’scur-rentforeigntradepolicies.Thedeficitinthetradeoftravelserviceswillcausethelossofnationalinterests,andgeneratethediseconomiesconsequencesofscaleoftourismservicestrade.
AnalyzingthesituationofChina’sinternationalbalanceofpayment,wecanfindthatChinahasdeficitintheservicetradeandsurplusincapitalproject.However,theinternationalfundholderswilltakemoneyoutfromChinaultimately.Atthesametime,“hotmoney”flowsintoChina.Ultimately,theinternationalspeculatorwillwithdrawmoreandmoreforeigncurrencyasappreciationoftheRMB.Thedeficitinthetradeoftravelserviceswillcausetheshortageofforeignexchange.Theshortageofforeignexchangewillbesupplementedviathesurplusingoodstrade.Ingoodstrade,industryInternationalConferenceonInformation,BusinessandEducationTechnology(ICIBIT2013)©2013.Theauthors-PublishedbyAtlantisPressproductsaccountfor90%oftotalexport.Theseexporterswillgetexport-taxrefundfromChinaaftertheindustryproductshavebeenexportedtoothercountries.Chinabuystheforeignexchangefromtheexporters.Therefore,theactualcostishigherthantheexchangeratequotedbytheStateGeneralAdministrationofExchangeControlofthePeople'sRepublicofChina.
WeassumethattheexchangerateisRMB6.25/USD,andtheexporter’scostofforeignexchangeisRMB6.20perU.S.dollar.Atpresent,theexport-taxrebaterateofordinaryindustrialproductsis13%.Accordingtotheexport-taxrebaterate,thecomputationalformulaoftaxrefundis:
Taxrefund=6.2÷1.17×13%=0.69(RMB)
Afterreceivingthepayment,exporterswillselltheforeigncurrencytostateaccordingtotheforeignexchangerate.ChinabuysUSdollarsfromexportersaccordingtotheforeignexchangerateof6.25YuanperU.S.dollar.Ontheotherhand,Chinapaysexport-taxrefundtoexportersaswell.Therefore,ChinaactuallyspendsRMB6.94tobuyoneUSdollar.OutboundtouristbuysUSdollarsfrombankofChinaaccordingtotheforeignexchangerateof6.25YuanperUSdollar.Ifthedeficitappearedintourismservicetrade,thedeficitwouldbesupplementedviathesurplusingoodstrade.WhenoutboundtouristbuysoneUSdollarfromChina,Chinawillsufferalossof0.69Yuan.Inotherwords,outboundtouristscanobtain0.69YuansubsidieswhentheybuyonedollarformChina.
ShowninFigure1,ifthedeficitinthetradeoftravelservicespartlygetsforeignexchangefromtradesurplusingoods,China’sactualcostofthepurchaseofU.S.dollars(6.94Yuan/dollar)ishigherthanthenationalpriceofthesellindollars(6.25Yuan/dollar).ThegapbetweenChina’sactualcostofpurchaseofUSdollarandthenationalpriceofsellingUSdollarisequaltothenationaltaxsubsidieswhicharegiventogoodsexporter.Therefore,itcreatesloss(shownintheshadedpart).Thedeficitinthetradeoftravelservicesandthelostofnationalforeigncurrencyexchangeareincreasingindirectproportion.Inotherwords,thecountrywouldgenerateexchangelosswhentourismservicetradebegantoappeardeficit.Infact,thelossisakindofsubsidytooutboundtourist.Andthisstatesubsidyistargetedsubsidywhichisonlyobtainedbyoutboundtourist.Mostoftheresidentswilllosethechancetoobtainthesubsidyastheyhaven’teconomiccapacitytopayforexpensesofoutboundtravel.Thelargerthedeficitinthetradeoftravelservices,themorewealthwillbetransferredtotheoutboundtourists.Intheyearof2011,thedeficitinthetradeoftravelserviceswas$24.1billion.Accordingtothestateexchangelosses,chinaformattedtheexchangelossof16.6billionYuan.Inotherwords,statesubsidiesgiventooutboundtouristshadreached16.6billionYuan.Asmostofoutboundtouristsaresocialhigh-incomepeoples,theyhavestrongconsumptionability.Thetendencyofoutboundtourismisfurtherstrengthenunderthepolicyofnationalforeigntrade(becausetheycanbuyUSdollarinlowerprice).AndwiththegrowthofChina'spercapitalGDP,thepotentialdemandofoutboundtourismisexpanding.Theconsumptionofout-boundtourismareexpectedtoincrease.Inaddition,outboundtouristsshoppingabroadcanalsoenjoyduty-freeshoppingpolicy.Therefore,China'soutboundtouristscanenjoydoublesubsidies.ThedoublesubsidiesbecamethecatalystforChina'supsurgeofout-boundtourism(outboundtouristsreceivegovernmentsubsidiesbypurchasingforeignexchangeinchina,andenjoyforeignduty-freeshoppingpolicyatoverseas.
Ontheotherhand,theChina’stourismcompanieswhichoperatedthebusinessofinboundtourismsoldtheirforeignex-changeearningsfrominternationaltourisminaccordancewiththestateofficialforeignexchangerate,anddidnotgetthecountry'sexport-taxrebates.ThesecompaniessettledaccountswithoverseastravelagencybyusingUSdollar.Therefore,thetourismcompanies’policycostis11%higherthanthepolicycostofgoodstrade.Foreigntouristscanonlyenjoytheduty-freeshoppingpolicywhentheyshopinHainan.Therefore,foreigntourists’shoppingenthusiasminChinawasseverelyinhibited.That’soneofthereasonswhytheaveragespendofinboundtouristisnothigh.
AccordingtotheChina'scurrentforeigntradepolicy,theimportsoftourismservicecanobtainpotentialsubsidiesfromChinabuttheexportsoftourismservicecan’t.Therefore,thisisanasymmetricsystemarrangement.Itbecomestheimportantreasonthatoutboundtourismisincreasinginhighspeedandtheinboundtourismhasbecomestagnant.Thisisasystemdefects.Iftheforeigntrade’ssystemdefectswouldn’tbecorrected,theimbalanceoftradeintourismservicewillbecomemoreandmoreserious.
2.Itisapseudo-propositionthatbalancestheinternationalpaymentviadeficitoftradeintourismserviceAccordingtoanacademicviewpoint,thebalanceoftheinternationalpaymentsviadeficitinthetradeoftravelserviceswhichcanhelptoreducetradefriction,slowthepressureofRMBappreciation,andcreateafavorableexternalenvironmentforChina’sforeigntrade.Inresponsetothedownturnoftheinternationalmarketsincetheinternationalfinancialcrisis,Chinahastakenthewayofstimulatingdomesticdemandasthemainmeansofeconomicgrowth.Therefore,theroleofforeigntradeinboostingtheeconomyisbeginningtoweaken.Andtheexistenceoflargenumberofgoodstradesurplus,countryhasmisgivingaboutencouragingtheexportsoftourism.Therefore,theinboundtourismhasthetrendofbeingmarginalized.Therapidexpansionofthedeficitinthetradeoftravelservicesseemstobepracticingthestatement“thebalanceofgoodstradesurplusviathedeficitinthetradeoftravelservices”.
2.1Thepracticeofbalancingtheinternationalpaymentviadeficitinthetradeoftravelservicesdoesnotcoincidewithscientificdevelopmentview
China’ssurplusingoodstradeiscreatedbecauseChinaisatthelowendoftheindustrialchain,andhasalotofprocessingtrade.China’ssurplusingoodstradeisalsotheresultsofthemultinationalcompany’sindustrialtransfer,productioninternationalizationandthevaluechaincontrol.ItisChina'spositionarrangementofeconomicglobalization.Weshouldsuittheremedytothecase,andgetridofthevassalarrangementofourcountry’stradestructureviathewesterndevelopedcountries.Weshouldtakethestrategyofindustrial
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