TheComparisonandTranslationofAnimalWordsinChineseandWesternCulture修改版.docx
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TheComparisonandTranslationofAnimalWordsinChineseandWesternCulture修改版.docx
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TheComparisonandTranslationofAnimalWordsinChineseandWesternCulture修改版
TheComparisonandTranslationofAnimalWordsinChineseandWesternCulture
Name:
ZhuoXiaoxueNo.:
20115061111
EnglishMajorSchoolofForeignLanguages
Supervisor:
LiXiaojingTitle:
Instructor
Abstract:
Duetotheparticularityofhumanculturalevolution,thereisabigdifferenceofanimalwordsinChineseandWesternculture.Therefore,itisnecessaryforustograspthedifferenceandtranslatethesewordsaccurately.BesidesthereasonsfordifferenceofanimalwordsbetweenEnglishandChinese,thepapermainlyinterpretsdifferentconnotationsandrepresentationsofanimalwordsinthesetwolanguages.Thenthe paperexploreshowtotranslatesomeanimalwordswithsymbolicmeanings.Byillustrationandcomparison,wecanfeelthedifferenceofanimalwordsinChineseandWesternculturemoreclearlyandmakeiteasiertocommunicatewitheachother.
KeyWords:
animalwords;culturalconnotations;differentrepresentations;translationstrategies
1.Introduction
Asaformoflivingentitiesontheplanet,animalsaddmuchvigorandvitalitytoourworld,especiallyforourhumans.Animalscontinuouslykeepclosecontactwithus,andhaveprofoundinfluenceonthedevelopmentofthehumanity.Asweallknow,languageisthecarrierofculture,animalwordsthusaccountforagreatfigureinthefamilyofhumanlanguage.Inourdailycommunication,weuseanimalwordsbothverballyandwrittenforms.However,becauseofdifferenthistoryandculture,theconnotationsofanimalwordsinonelanguagedonotparallelwiththoseinanother.WiththedeepeningofinterculturalcommunicationbetweenChinaandtheWesternworld,itisnecessaryforustograspthedifferenceandtranslatethesewordsaccurately.
Thispaperfocusesonthedifferentculturalconnotationsofanimalwordsanddifferentrepresentationsofanimal’ssex,quantity,ageandsoundbetweenEnglishandChinese.Thepaperisdividedintofourparts.ThefirstpartexplainsthereasonsfordifferentconnotationsandrepresentationsofanimalwordsinChineseandEnglish.Thesecondpartmakesadetailedcomparisonofculturalconnotationsofanimalwordsinthesetwolanguages.Thefollowingpartcomparesdifferentrepresentationsofanimal’ssex,quantity,ageandsoundinChineseandWesternculture.Finallythepaperprovidesuswithsometranslationstrategiesforanimalwords.
2.TheReasonsforDifferentConnotationsandRepresentationsofAnimalWordsinChineseandEnglish
Languageisamirrorofculture,whichreflectsitsspecificculturalfeature.Everynationhasitsspecialbackgroundwhichhascloserelationshipwiththewordswhicharerelatedtotheviewpoint,religion,universaloutlookandgeographicalenvironment.
2.1TheInfluenceofAestheticAppreciation
Aestheticcannotbringpeopleanymaterialbenefit.However,throughaesthetic,wecanachievethereturnofhumannature.ThedifferenceofanimalwordsbetweenChineseandEnglishreflectsdifferentaestheticsbetweenEasternandWesternworld,specifically,itreflectsdifferentviewpoints,religionsanduniversaloutlooks.
2.1.1TheInfluenceofUniversalOutlook
Ontheoverallunderstandingoftheworld,easternattitudediffersgreatlyfromthatofwestern.TheWesternmodeloftheuniversesetexistenceasthefundamental,whichisfromexistencetoentity.Theuniversaloutlookofentitymakeswesternersexpresstheirthoughtswithpreciseconcepts.Theythinkuniverseisbeingandwateristheoriginoftheuniverse.Totransformtheworld,wemustunderstandtheworld,developourownandpursuethetruth.WhileinChineseculture,thevastuniversalspaceasnothingnessisfilledwithgases.TheuniversaloutlookofnothingnessmakestheChinesefeeltheirsurroundingswithblurredvisionanddescribetheworldwithvaguetone.Facingthecrueltyandrageofthenature,theyramblearoundtheuniverseofgasesthroughsurrealvirtualandseektoconquertheworldwithdivinepower.
Asweallknow,“dragon”isaveryfamiliar,favorableandrespectablewordinChinese.Itisoneofthecreaturesfromthelegend,anditisso-calledthe“fourspirits”togetherwithphoenix,unicornandtortoise.Besidesitsdenotativemeaning,itisconsideredthesymbolofChinesepeople,formingaChineseculturaltotem.NowChinesepeoplearecalledthedecedentsofdragon,andthenationsoftheeasternAsiaiscalledthe“四小龙”.Fromwhich,itsinfluenceonChineseculturecanbeseenobviously.Anotherexampleisfrom“九五,飞龙在天,利见大人”whichmeansduringthedayswhenthenumberninemeetswiththenumberfive,therewillbedragonflyinginthesky,duringwhichtherewillbeagreatleadercoming.Thefollowingemperorslikedtoberespectablycalled“九五之尊”,andconsideredthemselvesas“真命天子”.Allthearchitectures,allthefacilitiesandequipmentusedbytheemperorshouldshowrespecttothenumberfiveandthenumbernine,showingthatdragonisthesaysoftheworld.
WhileinWesternculture,peoplewillprobablyfeelsickofdragon.DragonisappliedinEnglishtorefertosomeferociousman.BecauseinthehistoryoftheWesternculture,dragonwasandisalwaysbeingannoyinganddisgusting,anditisalwaysassociatedwithevilever.Itseemsthatdragonisthesymbolofevilanditcanspillfireanytime.Andinchildren’sbook,wheneverthereisaprincesswhoislockedinacastle,theremustbeaferociousdragontostoppeopleinthewaytosavethelovelyprincess,andtoscareawayheroesofallkinds.
2.1.2TheInfluenceofReligion
Everynationhastheirreligion.Ontheonehand,religionrepresentsfeelings,thoughtsandbeliefswithinaperiodoftime.Ontheotherhand,itreflectspoliticalandculturalideasduringperiodofthattime.However,wehavethedifferentunderstandforreligionbetweenWesterncountriesandChina.
Chinesereligionpropagatesthecanonthatis“theharmonyofhumanbeingandnature”.Itmeansthatpeopleneedobeyandadorenatureandtheharmonyofone.Thesethoughtsinevitablyleadtothetendencyofcollectivismandotherinterests.Peoplewouldrathersacrificeindividualprofitstoachieve“thoughtsbeforeotherthoughts,andenjoythemselvesaftereveryoneelse”,Anddoingsomethingsareoftenlimitedthemselvesaswellashelpothersafterthemselves.Atthesametime,theyareunwillingtooffendpeoplewhentheyaredoingsomethings.
IntheWesterncounties,Christianityisthedominantreligion,whichinfluencespeople’slifeandthinkingforseveralhundredyears.Wrestersrecognizethathumanbeingandnatureshouldbeseparated.Thatisso-called“theseparationofhumanbeingandnature”.Itemphasizeswhichhumanbeingshouldhavepowertostrugglethenaturesothatwesternersextremelyadoreindividualismandpersonaldevelopmentandself-expression.Therefore,theyrealizeifapersoncouldnotreachtheirowndreamsattheendofworkingonsomethings,itwasnotdestiny,butbecauseoftheirownlazinessorbeinglackofaspiritthatisstrugglewithnature.Thatiswhytheyneedleavetheirparentstoliveindividuallywhentheyare18yearsoldinmostwesterncountries.
ThosethoughtsandideasofreligionimpactwesternsandChinese.Ofcourse,theyareassociatedwiththeirculturesaswellastheunderstandingofthewords.Becauseofthosedifferences,itprovidedpreconditionstomutuallearningandprogresstogetherbetweenChineseandWestern.
2.1.3TheInfluenceofViewpoint
TheviewpointthatIrefertomeansthefocusandperspectivewhenyouregardsomething.OwingtothedifferentviewpointsbetweenEasternandWesternworld,wehavedifferentfeelingswhenwefacethesameanimal.
Let’stakethedogforexample.The“dog”hasaverycloserelationwithpeopleinbothcultures.InChinatherearemanydog-relatedidiomsandtheword“dog”inmostphrasesisassociatedwithsomederogatoryconnotation.Suchas:
“actlikeasnob(狗眼看人低)”,“mistakeagoodmanforabadone(狗咬吕洞宾,不识好人心)”,“afilthymouthcannotutterdecentlanguage.(狗嘴吐不出象牙)”.That’sbecauseeasternfocusondogs’negativetraitsandgivethemalltheuglyspeechrelatingtothem.WhileinWesternculture,dogsmeetpeople’sneedforfriendship,honestyandloyalty,therebybringpeoplebothphysicalandpsychologicalthrill.Soinmostcases,theword“dog”isneutralorcommendatoryinitsconnotationinEnglishlanguage.Itisallrighttorefertocertainpeopleasbigdog,topdog,luckydoginEnglish.“Tohelpalamedogoverthestile”means“tohelpsomeoneindifficulty”.“Everydoghasitsday”means“everypersonwillsomedaysucceedorbecomefortunate”.Suchusagedoesnotcontainderogatoryconnotation.ThatiswhytheEnglishproverb“youcan’tteacholddognewtricks”shouldnotbetranslatedas“你教不会老狗新把戏”,asnoChinesewillliketobecalleda“狗”,norisitpropertotranslate“watchdog”into“看家狗”.
2.2TheInfluenceofGeographicalEnvironment
Thedifferencesofgeographicalenvironmentsmakemanyanimals’imagesandculturalconnotationsdifferentorevenvacant.Forexample,beavers(河狸)mainlyliveinNorthAmerica.Theybuildtheirnestswithhightechniquesandinflexiblewill.PeopleofAmericancountriesarefamiliarwiththiskindofanimal.SoinEnglish“beaver”means“thepeoplewhoworkhard”.AsthegeographicalenvironmentsinChinaarequitedifferent,theChinesepeoplehardlyknowthiskindofanimalandtheirspecialculturalconnotations.Theydon’tknowtheir“diligence”andwhattheyreallymeansometimes.Hence,ifyoutranslatebeaverliterally,sometimesyoucannotmaketheoriginalunderstoodbytheChinesepeople,forexample:
(1)Theydidn’tstudyhardatordinarytimes.Sowhentheexaminationcame,theyhadtoworklikebeavers.
由于平时不努力,考试来临时,他们就不得不日夜苦读了。
(2
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