历年考研英语真题和答案.docx
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历年考研英语真题和答案.docx
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历年考研英语真题和答案
2009年考研英语真题和答案
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
Researchonanimalintelligencealwaysmakesmewonderjusthowsmarthumansare.1thefruit-flyexperimentsdescribedinCarlZimmer’spieceintheScienceTimesonTuesday.Fruitflieswhoweretaughttobesmarterthantheaveragefruitfly2toliveshorterlives.Thissuggeststhat3bulbsburnlonger,thatthereisan4innotbeingtooterrificallybright.
Intelligence,it5out,isahigh-pricedoption.Ittakesmoreupkeep,burnsmorefuelandisslow6thestartinglinebecauseitdependsonlearning—agradual7—insteadofinstinct.Plentyofotherspeciesareabletolearn,andoneofthethingsthey’veapparentlylearnediswhento8.
Isthereanadaptivevalueto9intelligence?
That’sthequestionbehindthisnewresearch.Ilikeit.Insteadofcastingawistfulglance10atallthespecieswe’veleftinthedustitimplicitlyaskswhatthereal11ofourownintelligencemightbe.Thisis12themindofeveryanimalI’veevermet.
Researchonanimalintelligencealsomakesmewonderwhatexperimentsanimalswould13onhumansiftheyhadthechance.Everycatwithanowner,14,isrunningasmall-scalestudyinoperantconditioning.webelievethat15animalsranthelabs,theywouldtestusto16thelimitsofourpatience,ourfaithfulness,ourmemoryforterrain.Theywouldtrytodecidewhatintelligenceinhumansisreally17,notmerelyhowmuchofitthereis.18,theywouldhopetostudya19question:
Arehumansactuallyawareoftheworldtheylivein?
20theresultsareinconclusive.
1.[A]Suppose[B]Consider[C]Observe[D]Imagine
2.[A]tended[B]feared[C]happened[D]threatened
3.[A]thinner[B]stabler[C]lighter[D]dimmer
4.[A]tendency[B]advantage[C]inclination[D]priority
5.[A]insistson[B]sumsup[C]turnsout[D]putsforward
6.[A]off[B]behind[C]over[D]along
7.[A]incredible[B]spontaneous[C]inevitable[D]gradual
8.[A]fight[B]doubt[C]stop[D]think
9.[A]invisible[B]limited[C]indefinite[D]different
10.[A]upward[B]forward[C]afterward[D]backward
11.[A]features[B]influences[C]results[D]costs
12.[A]outside[B]on[C]by[D]across
13.[A]deliver[B]carry[C]perform[D]apply
14.[A]bychance[B]incontrast[C]asusual[D]forinstance
15.[A]if[B]unless[C]as[D]lest
16.[A]moderate[B]overcome[C]determine[D]reach
17.[A]at[B]for[C]after[D]with
18.[A]Aboveall[B]Afterall[C]However[D]Otherwise
19.[A]fundamental[B]comprehensive[C]equivalent[D]hostile
20.[A]Byaccident[B]Intime[C]Sofar[D]Betterstill
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
Habitsareafunnything.Wereachforthemmindlessly,settingourbrainsonauto-pilotandrelaxingintotheunconsciouscomfortoffamiliarroutine.“Notchoice,buthabitrulestheunreflectingherd,”WilliamWordsworthsaidinthe19thcentury.Intheever-changing21stcentury,eventheword“habit”carriesanegativeconnotation.
Soitseemsantitheticaltotalkabouthabitsinthesamecontextascreativityandinnovation.Butbrainresearchershavediscoveredthatwhenweconsciouslydevelopnewhabits,wecreateparallelsynapticpaths,andevenentirelynewbraincells,thatcanjumpourtrainsofthoughtontonew,innovativetracks.
Butdon’tbothertryingtokilloffoldhabits;oncethoserutsofprocedurearewornintothehippocampus,they’retheretostay.Instead,thenewhabitswedeliberatelyingrainintoourselvescreateparallelpathwaysthatcanbypassthoseoldroads.
“Thefirstthingneededforinnovationisafascinationwithwonder,”saysDawnaMarkova,authorof“TheOpenMind”andanexecutivechangeconsultantforProfessionalThinkingPartners.“Butwearetaughtinsteadto‘decide,’justasourpresidentcallshimself‘theDecider.’”Sheadds,however,that“todecideistokilloffallpossibilitiesbutone.Agoodinnovationalthinkerisalwaysexploringthemanyotherpossibilities.”
Allofusworkthroughproblemsinwaysofwhichwe’reunaware,shesays.Researchersinthelate1960coveredthathumansarebornwiththecapacitytoapproachchallengesinfourprimaryways:
analytically,procedurally,relationally(orcollaboratively)andinnovatively.Atpuberty,however,thebrainshutsdownhalfofthatcapacity,preservingonlythosemodesofthoughtthathaveseemedmostvaluableduringthefirstdecadeorsooflife.
Thecurrentemphasisonstandardizedtestinghighlightsanalysisandprocedure,meaningthatfewofusinherentlyuseourinnovativeandcollaborativemodesofthought.“Thisbreakst
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