四级保命班 阅读讲义 尹延.docx
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四级保命班 阅读讲义 尹延.docx
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四级保命班阅读讲义尹延
优化阅读的做题流程
一.扫读题干1’
二.处理文章4’
三.对比做答4-7’
经典例文分析PassageOne
Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
IncommunitiesnorthofDenver,residentsarepitchingintohelpteachersandadministratorsastheVrainschoolDistricttriestosolvea$13.8millionbudgetshortageblamedonmismanagement.“We’reworriedaboutourteachersandprincipals,andwereallydon’twanttolosethembecauseofthis,”oneparentsail.“Ifwecanhelpeasetheirfinancialburden,wewill.“Teachersaregrateful,butknowitmaybeyearsbeforethedistrictissolvent(有偿付能力的).Theyfeelreallygoodabouttheparentsupport,buttheyrealizeit’simpossibleforthemtosolvethisproblem.
The22,000-studentdistrictdiscoveredtheshortagelastmonth.“It’sextraordinary.Nobodywouldhaveimaginedsomethinghappeninglikethisatthislevel,”saidStateTreasurerMikeCoffman.
Coffmananddistrictofficialslastweekagreedonastateemergencyplanfreeingupa$9.8millionloanthatenabledthepayroll(工资单)tobemetfor2,700teachersandstaffintimefortheholidays.
Districtofficialsalsotook$1.7millionfromstudent-activityaccountsits38schools.
AtCoffman’srequest,theDistrictAttorneyhasbeguninvestigatingthedistrict’sfinances.CoffmansayshewantstoknowwhetherdistrictofficialshidthebudgetshortageuntilaftertheNovemberelection,whenvotersapproveda$212millionbondissueforschools.
InFrederick,students’parentsarebuyingclassroomsuppliesandofferingtopayforgroceriesandutilitiestokeepfirst-yearteachersandprincipalsintheirjobs.
Some$36,000hasbeenraisedindonationsfromSafeway.AChevroletdealershipdonated$10,000andforgavethedistrict’s$10,750billforrentingthedrivereducatingcars.IBMcontributed4,500packsofpaper.
“Weemploythousandsofpeopleinthiscommunity,”saidMitchCarson,ahospitalchiefexecutive,whohelpedraisefunds.“Wehavechildrenintheschool,andweseehowtheycouldbeaffected.”
AtCreekHighSchool,threestudentsstartedawebsitethatdisplaysnewspaperarticles,districtinformationandanemailforum(论坛)。
“Rumorsaboutwhat’shappeningtothedistrictaremovingatlightningspeed,”saidastudent.“Wewantedtoknowthetruth,andspreadthataroundinstead.”
26.WhathashappenedtotheVrainSchoolDistrict?
A)Ahugefinancialproblemhasarisen.B)Manyschoolstherearemismanaged.
C)Lotsofteachersinthedistrictareplanningtoquit.
D)Manyadministrativepersonnelhavebeenlaidoff.
27.HowdidtheresidentsintheVrainSchoolDistrictrespondtothebudgetshortage?
A)Theyfeltsomewhathelplessaboutit.B)Theyaccusedthoseresponsibleforit.
C)Theypooledtheireffortstohelpsolveit.D)Theydemandedathoroughinvestigation.(C)
28.IntheviewofStateTreasurerMikeCoffman,theeducationalbudgetshortageis________.
A)unavoidableB)unthinkableC)insolvableD)irreversible(B)
29.WhydidCoffmanrequestaninvestigation?
A)Toseeiftherewasadeliberatecover-upoftheproblem.
B)Tofindouttheextentoftheconsequencesofthecase.
C)Tomakesurethattheschoolprincipalswereinnocent.
D)Tostopthevotersapprovingthe$212millionbondissue.(A)
30.Threehighschoolstudentsstartedawebsiteinorderto________.
A)attractgreaterpublicattentiontotheirneeds
B)appealtothepublicforcontributionsanddonations
C)exposeofficialswhoneglectedtheirdutiesD)keeppeopleproperlyinformedofthecrisis(D)
PassageTwo
Question57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Globalwarmingmayormaynotbethegreatenvironmentalcrisisofthe21stcentury,but-regardlessofwhetheritisorisn't-wewon'tdomuchaboutit.Wewillargueoveritandmayeven,asanation,makesomefairlysolemn-soundingcommitmentstoavoidit.Butthemoredramaticandmeaningfulthesecommitmentsseem,thelesslikelytheyaretobeobserved.
AlGorecallsglobalwarmingan"inconvenienttruth,"asifmerelyrecognizingitcouldputusonapathtoasolution.Buttherealtruthisthatwedon'tknowenoughtorelieveglobalwarming,and-withoutmajortechnologicalbreakthroughs-wecan'tdomuchaboutit.
From2003to2050,theworld’spopulationisprojectedtogrowfrom 6.4billionto9.1billion,a42%increase.Ifenergyuseperpersonand technologyremainthesame,totalenergyuseandgreenhousegas emissions(mainly,CO2)willbe42%higherin2050.Butthat'stoo low,becausesocietiesthatgrowricherusemoreenergy.Weneedeconomic growthunlesswecondemntheworld'spoortotheirpresentpovertyandfreezeeveryone'slivingstandards.Withmodest growth,energyuseandgreenhouseemissionsmorethandoubleby2050.
Nogovernmentwilladoptrigidrestrictionsoneconomicgrowthand personalfreedom(limitsonelectricityusage,drivingandtravel)that mightcutbackglobalwarming.Still,politicianswanttoshowthey're "doingsomething“ConsidertheKyotoProtocol(京都议定书).Itallowed countriesthatjoinedtopunishthosethatdidn't.Butithasn't reducedCO2emissions(upabout25%since1990),andmanysignatories(签字国)didn'tadopttoughenoughpoliciestohittheir2008-2012 targets.
Thepracticalconclusionisthatifglobalwarmingisapotential disaster,theonlysolutionisnewtechnology.Onlyanaggressiveresearchanddevelopmentprogrammightfindwaysofbreakingour dependenceonfossilfuelsordealingwithit.
Thetroublewiththeglobalwarmingdebateisthatithasbecomea moralproblemwhenit'sreallyanengineeringone.Theinconvenient truthisthatifwedon'tsolvetheengineeringproblem,we'rehelpless.
57.Whatissaidaboutglobalwarminginthefirstparagraph?
A)Itmaynotproveanenvironmentalcrisisatall.
B)Itisanissuerequiringworldwidecommitments.
C)Seriousstepshavebeentakentoavoidorstopit.
D)Verylittlewillbedonetobringitundercontrol.
58.Accordingtotheauthor'sunderstanding,whatisAlGore'sviewonglobalwarming?
A)Itisarealitybothpeopleandpoliticiansareunawareof.
B)Itisaphenomenonthatcausesusmanyinconveniences.
C)Itisaproblemthatcanbesolvedonceitisrecognized.
D)Itisanareaweactuallyhavelittleknowledgeabout.
59.Greenhouseemissionswillmorethandoubleby2050becauseof___.
A)economicgrowthB)wastefuluseofenergy
C)thewideninggapbetweentherichandpoor
D)therapidadvancesofscienceandtechnology
60.Theauthorbelievesthat,sincethesigningoftheKyotoProtocol,____.
A)politicianshavestartedtodosomethingtobetterthesituation
B)fewnationshaveadoptedrealtoughmeasurestolimitenergyuse
C)reductionsinenergyconsumptionhavegreatlycutbackglobalwarming
D)internationalcooperationhascontributedtosolvingenvironmentalproblems
61.Whatisthemessagetheauthorintendstoconvey?
A)Globalwarmingismoreofamoralissuethanapracticalone.
B)Theultimatesolutiontoglobalwarmingliesinnewtechnology.
C)Thedebateoverglobalwarmingwillleadtotechnologicalbreakthroughs.
D)Peoplehavetogiveupcertainmaterialcomfortstostopglobalwarming.
PassageThree
Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Youneverseehim,butthey'rewithyoueverytimeyoufly.Theyrecordwhereyouaregoing,howfastyou'retravelingandwhethereverythingonyourairplaneisfunctioningnormally.Theirabilitytowithstandalmostanydisastermakesthemseemlikesomethingoutofacomicbook.They'reknownastheblackbox.
Whenplanesfallfromthesky,asaYemeniairlinerdidonitswaytoComorosIslandsintheIndiaOceanJune30,2009,theblackboxisthebestbetforidentifyingwhatwentwrong.SowhenaFrenchsubmarine(潜水艇)detectedthedevice'shomingsignalfivedayslater,thediscoverymarkedahugesteptowarddeterminingthecauseofatragedyinwhich152passengerswerekilled.
In1958,AustralianscientistDavidWarrendevelopedaflight-memoryrecorderthatwouldtrackbasicinformationlikealtitudeanddirection.Thatwasthefirstmodeforablackbox,whichbecamearequirementonallU.S.commercialflightsby1960.Earlymodelsoftenfailedtowithstandcrashes,however,soin1965thedevicewascompletelyredesignedandmovedtotherearoftheplane–thearealeastsubjecttoimpact–fromitsoriginalpositioninthelandingwells(起落架舱).Thesameyear,theFederalAviationAuthorityrequiredthattheboxes,whichwereneveractuallyblack,bepaintedorangeoryellowtoaidvisibility.
Modernairplaneshavetwoblackboxes:
avoicerecorder,whichtrackspilots'conversations,andaflight-datarecorder,whichmonitorsfuellevels,enginenoisesandotheroperatingfunctionsthathelpinvestigatorsreconstructtheaircraft'sfinalmoments.Placedinaninsulated(隔绝的)caseandsurroundedbyaquarter-inch-thickpanelsofstainlesssteel,theboxescanwithstandmassiveforceandtemperaturesupto2,000℉.Whensubmerged,they'realsoabletoemitsignalsfromdepthsof20,000ft.ExpertsbelievetheboxesfromAirFranceFlight447,whichcrashednearBrazilonJune1,2009,areinwaternearlythatdeep,butstatisticssaythey'restilllikelytoturnup.Intheapproximately20deep-seacrashesoverthepast30years,onlyoneplane'sblackboxeswereneverrecovered.
57.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheblackbox?
A)Itensuresthenormalfunctioningofanairplane.
B)Theideaforitsdesigncomesfromacomicbook.
C)Itsabilitytowardoffdisastersisincredible.
D)Itisanindispensabledeviceonanairplane.
58.WhatinformationcouldbefoundfromtheblackboxontheYemeniairliner?
A)Dataforanalyzingthecauseofthecrash.
B)Thetotalnumberofpassengersonboard.
C)Thesceneofthecrashandextentoft
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