职称英语考试卫生类A级新增文章阅读理解和完型填空题.docx

职称英语考试卫生类A级新增文章阅读理解和完型填空题.docx

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职称英语考试卫生类A级新增文章阅读理解和完型填空题

阅读理解

WhoWanttoLiveForever?

Ifyourdoctorcouldgiveyouadrugthatwouldletyouliveahealthylifefortwiceaslong，wouldyoutakeit?

Thegoodnewsisthatwemaybedrawingneartothatdate，Scientistshavealreadyextendedthelivesofflies，wormsandmiceinlaboratories.Manynowthinkthatusinggenetictreatmentswewillsoonbeabletoextendhumanlifetoatleast140years.Thisseemsagreatidea.Thinkofhowmuchmoretimewecouldspendchasingourdreams，spendingtimewithourlovedones，watchingourfamiliesgrowandhavefamiliesoftheirown.

"Longerlifewouldgiveusachancetorecoverfromourmistakesandpromotelongtermthinking,"saysDrGregoryStockoftheUniversityOfCaliforniaSchoolOfPublicHealth."Itwouldalsoraiseproductivitybyaddingtotheyearwecanwork."

Longerlivesdon'tjustaffectthepeoplewholivethem.Theyalsoaffectsocietyasawhole."Wehavewar，poverty，allsortsofissuesaround，andIdon'tthinkanyofthemwouldbeatallhelpedbyhavingpeoplelivelonger,"saysUSbioethicistDanielCallahan."Thequestionis'Whatwillwegetasasociety?

'Isuspectitwon'tbeabettersociety."

Itwouldcertainlybeaverydifferentsociety.Peoplearealreadyfindingitmoredifficulttostaymarried.Divorceratesarerising.Whatwouldhappentomarriageinasocietywherepeoplelivedfor140years?

Andwhatwouldhappentofamilylifeifnineor10generationsofthesamefamilywereallaliveatthesametime?

Researchintoageingmayenablewomentoremainfertileforlonger.Andthatraisestheprospectofhaving100-year-oldparents，orbrothersandsistersborn50yearsapart.Wethinkofaneldersiblingassomeonewhocanprotectusandofferhelpandadvice.Thatwouldbehardtodoifthatsiblingcamefromacompletelydifferentgeneration.

Workinglifewouldalsobeaffected，especiallyiftheretirementagewaslifted.Morepeoplewouldstayinworkforlonger.Thatwouldgiveusthebenefitsofage-skill，wisdomandgoodjudgment.

Ontheotherhand，morepeopleworkingforlongerwouldcreategreatercompetitionforjobs.Itwouldmakeitmoredifficultforyoungerpeopletofindajob.Toppostswouldbedominatedbythesamefewindividuals，makingcareerprogressmoredifficult.Andhoweasilywoulda25-year-oldemployeebeabletocommunicatewitha125-year-oldboss?

Youngpeoplewouldbeasmallerpartofasocietyinwhichpeoplelivedto140.Itmaybethatsuchasocietywouldplacelessimportanceonguidingandeducatingyoungpeople，andmoreonmakinglifecomfortablefortheold.

Andsocietywouldfeelverydifferentifmoreofitsmemberswereolder.Therewouldbemorewisdom，butlessenergy.Youngpeopleliketomoveabout.Oldpeopleliketositstill.Youngpeopletendtoactwithoutthinking.Oldpeopletendtothinkwithoutacting.Youngpeoplearecuriousandliketoexperiencedifferentthings.Oldpeoplearelessenthusiasticaboutchange.Infact，theyarelessenthusiasticabouteverything.

Theeffectofanti-ageingtechnologyisdeeperthanwemightthink.Butasthescienceadvances，weneedtothinkaboutthesechangesnow."Ifthiscouldeverhappen，thenwe'dbetteraskwhatkindofsocietywewanttoget，"saysDanielCallahan."Wehadbetternotgoanywherenearituntilwehavefigurethoseproblemsout."

词汇:

mice/mais/n.老鼠（复数）

sibling/'sibli?

/n.兄弟姐妹

bioethicist//n.生物伦理学家

注释:

1.brothersandsistersborn50yearsapart出生年份相隔50年的兄弟姐妹

2.Wehadbetternotgoanywherenearit我们最好离它远点，这里的it指代前面讲的anti-ageingtechnology.

练习:

1.  WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasoneofthethingsthatlivinglongermightenableanindividualtodo?

A．Spending  moretimewithhisfamily.

B．Having  moreeducation.

C．Realizingmoredreams.

D．Workinglonger.

2.  Whichofthefollowingisimpliedinthesixthparagraph?

A．MarriagesintheUStodayarequiteunstable.

B．MoreandmorepeopleintheUStodaywanttogetmarried.

C．Livinglongerwouldmakeiteasierforpeopletomaintaintheirmaritalties.

D．Ifpeoplelivelonger，theywouldstayinmarriagelonger.

3.  AllofthefollowingarepossibleeffectslivinglongermighthaveonworkinglifeEXCEPT

A．Communicationbetweenemployersandemployeeswouldbemoredifficult.

B．Moremoneywouldbeusedbyemployeesinpaymentoftheiremployees.

C．Thejobmarketwouldbemorecompetitive.

D．Itwouldbemoredifficultforyoungpeopletobepromotedtotoppositions.

4.  Animportantfeatureofasocietyinwhichpeoplelivealonglifeisthat

A．itplacesmoreemphasisoneducatingtheyoung.

B．itisbothwiseandenergetic.

C．itlacksthecuriositytoexperimentwhatisnew.

D．itwelcomeschanges.

5.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesCallahan'sattitudetoanti-ageingtechnology?

A．Optimistic.

B．Pessimistic.

C．Reserved.

D．Negative.

答案与题解：

1.B  长寿使个人能做的事主要在第三、四段里讲到，作者没有提到长寿可以让人更多地接受教育。

2.  A    本题答案以下面的这两句话为依据:

People  arealreadyfinding  itmoredifficult  tostaymarried.  Divorceratesarerising.  暗示美国人目前的婚姻关系已经十分脆弱。

3.  B    文章的第九段讲了寿命延长、退休推迟可能带来的种种问题，但作者没有提到雇佣者需要更多的钱来支付员工的工资。

4.  C  答案可以在第十、十一这两段里找到。

5.  C  本题的答案依据可以在最后一段里找到。

Callahan认为在搞清楚长寿社会会给我们带来哪些问题之前，最好不要急着搞抗衰老的技术。

可见他对抗衰老技术的发展是有保留的。

SomePeopleDoNotTasteSaltLikeOthers

Low-saltfoodsmaybeharderforsomepeopletolikethanothers，accordingtoastudybyaPennStateCollegeofAgriculturalSciencesfoodscientist.Theresearchindicatesthatgeneticfactorsinf1uencesomeofthedifferenceinthelevelsofsaltweliketoeat.

Thoseconclusionsareimportantbecauserecent，well-publicizedeffortstoreducethesaltcontentinfoodhaveleftmanypeoplestrugglingtoacceptfarethatsimplydoesnottasteasgoodtothemasitdoestoothers，pointedoutJohnHayes，assistantprofessoroffoodscience，whowasleadinvestigatoronthestudy.

Dietshighinsaltcanincreasetheriskofhighbloodpressureandstroke.Thatiswhypublichealthexpertsandfoodcompaniesareworkingtogetheronwaystohelpconsumerslowersaltintakethroughfoodsthatareenjoyabletoeat.Thisstudyincreasesunderstandingofsaltpreferenceandconsumption.

Theresearchinvolved87carefullyscreenedparticipantswhosampledsaltyfoodssuchassoupandchips，onmultipleoccasions，spreadoutoverweeks.Testsubjectswere45menand42women，reportedlyhealthy，ranginginagefrom20to40years.Thesamplewascomposedofindividualswhowerenotactivelymodifyingtheirdietaryintakeanddidnotsmokecigarettes.Theyratedtheintensityoftasteonacommonlyusedscientificscale，rangingfrombarelydetectabletostrongestsensationofanykind.

"Mostofuslikethetasteofsalt.However，someindividualseatmoresalt，bothbecausetheylikethetasteofsaltinessmore，andalsobecauseitisneededtoblockotherunpleasanttastesinfood."saidHayes."Supertasters，peoplewhoexperiencetastesmoreintensely，consumemoresaltthandonontasters.Snackfoodshavesaltinessastheirprimaryflavor，andatleastforthesefoods，moreisbetter，sothesupertastersseemtolikethemmore."

However，supertastersalsoneedhigherlevelsofsalttoblockunpleasantbittertastesinfoodssuchascheese，Hayesnoted."Forexample，cheeseisawonderfulblendofdairyflavorsfromfermentedmilk，butalsobittertastesfromripeningthatareblockedbysalt,"hesaid."Asupertasterfindslow-saltcheeseunpleasantbecausethebitternessistoopronounced."

Hayescitedresearchdonemorethan75yearsagobyachemistnamedFoxandageneticistnamedBlakeslee，showingthatindividualsdifferintheirabilitytotastecertainchemicals.Asaresult，Hayesexplained，weknowthatawiderangeintasteacuityexists，andthisvariationisasnormalasvariationsineyeandhaircolor.

"Somepeople，calledsupertasters，describebittercompoundsasbeingextremelybitter，whileothers，callednontasters，findthesesamebittercompoundstobetastelessoronlyweaklybitter."hesaid."Responsetobittercompoundsisoneofmanywaystoidentifybiologicaldifferencesinfoodpreferencebecausesupertastingisnotlimitedtobitterness."

词汇:

publicize/'p?

blisaiz/v.引起公众对…的注意;（用广告）宣传

dietary/'dai?

teri/adj.饮食的;规定食物的

ferment/'f?

:

ment/v.（使）发酵

geneticist/d?

i'netisist/n.遗传学家

acuity/?

'kju:

iti/n.敏锐;尖锐

注释:

1.PennStateCollegeofAgriculturalSciences:

即PennStateUniversity-CollegeofAgriculturalSciences宾州州立大学农学院。

Penn是Pennsylvania的缩写，是美国宾夕法尼亚州州名。

宾州州立大学建于1855年，在全国共有24个分校。

在句中，PennStateCollegeofAgriculturalSciences用作定语，修饰foodscientist。

2.well-publicizedeffortstoreducethesaltcontentinfood:

有关减少食物含盐量的大力宣传的做法.

3.leftmanypeoplestrugglingtoacceptfarethatsimplydoesnottasteasgoodtothemasitdoestoothers:

使得许多人努力去接受适合其他人而不适合他们口味的食物。

fare相当于food。

4.leadinvestigator:

研发项目负责人

5.…carefullyscreenedparticipantswhosampledsaltyfoodsassoupandchips，onmultipleoccasion，spreadoutoverweeks:

……经过仔细筛选的实验参与者，他们在几周内的不同时间里品尝加了盐的食物，如汤和薯条。

6.toopronounced:

此处pronounced为形容词，意为verynoticeable，conspicuous（明显的，显著的）。

7.supertasting：

超重味感

练习:

1.Inparagraph2，JohnHayespointsoutthat

A  itisgoodtohealthtoeatfoodwithoutsalt.

B  manypeoplerejectlow-saltfoodcompletely.

C  manypeopleacceptlow-salttastelessfoodreluctantly

D  foodwithreducedsalttastesbetter.

2.  Thefourthparagraphdescribesbriefly

A. howtoselectsubjectsandwhattodointheresearch.

B.  howtoidentifysupertastersandnontasters.

C. whytolimitthenumberofsubjectsto87persons.

D. whytoselectmoremalesubjectsthanfemaleones.

3.  Thearticlearguesthatsupertasters

A  likethetasteofsaltinesstoblocksweettastesinfood.

B  likesnackfoodsassaltinessistheirprimaryflav