版高考英语译林版一轮复习基础考点聚焦课后达标检测必修5 Unit 3 Science and nature Word版含.docx
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版高考英语译林版一轮复习基础考点聚焦课后达标检测必修5Unit3ScienceandnatureWord版含
课时练1 2篇阅读+1篇完形
阅读理解
A
(2020·宣城诊断)
InthestoryofTheCrowandthePitcherfromAesop’sFables,athirstycrow(乌鸦)dropsstonesintoanarrowjartoraisethelowlevelofwaterinsidesohecantakeadrink.
Nowscientistshaveevidencetobackupthatstory.Crowsactuallydounderstandhowtomakewaterdisplacement(排水量)worktotheiradvantage,experimentsshow.Theresultssuggestthatthebirdsare,atleastinsomeaspects,assmartasfirstgraders.
Researchers,ledbySarahJelbertattheUniversityofCambridge,presentedsixcrowswithtubescontainingwater.Insidethetubes,awormorapieceofmeatonapieceofwoodwasfloating,justoutofreachofthecrows.Infrontofthetubes,theresearchersarrangedseveralrubbererasersthatwouldsink,andsomeplasticobjectsthatwouldfloat.Thecrowsfoundoutthattheycoulddroptheerasersintothetubesinordertoraisethewaterlevelandgettheirsnack.
However,the_birds_handled_awkwardlyinexperimentsinwhichtheycouldchoosetodropobjectsineitherawidetubeoranarrowonetogetasnack,theresearcherssaid.Droppingobjectsintoanarrowtubewouldliftthewaterlevelbyagreateramountandputthetreatwithinreachafterjusttwodrops;whileittookaroundsevendropstoraisethesnacktothesamelevelinthewidetube.Thecrowsobviouslydidn’trealizethis,andmostofthemwentforthewidetubefirst.
Previousstudiesshowedthatchimpsandhumanchildrencansolvesimilartasks.Ina2011study,chimpsandkidsfoundoutthattheycouldputwaterintoatubetoreachapeanutthatwasfloatinginasmallamountofwateratthebottom.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了科学家通过实验对乌鸦智商进行的研究。
1.HowdidthecrowsgetthesnackinSarah’sexperiment?
A.Bybreakingthetube.
B.Bydroppinginerasers.
C.Bystandingonthewood.
D.Byremovingthewood.
B 解析:
细节理解题。
根据第三段最后一句“Thecrowsfoundoutthattheycoulddroptheerasersintothetubesinordertoraisethewaterlevelandgettheirsnack.”可知,乌鸦能够把橡皮擦扔到管里,使水位升高,然后吃到零食。
所以选B项。
2.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“thebirdshandledawkwardly”inParagraph4?
A.Theywereunabletotelldifferentshapes.
B.Theydroppedobjectsonlyintonarrowtubes.
C.Theywerenotawareofthesnackatfirstsight.
D.Theymostlyavoidedtheeasierwaytogetthesnack.
D 解析:
推理判断题。
从第四段可知,实验中的乌鸦在面对粗细不同的管子时,虽然只需往细管里投两次物体就可以够到零食,而需往粗管里投大约七次物体才能够到零食,但是乌鸦往往先去粗管那边,而没有选择更容易获得零食的细管。
由此可推知,画线部分是说它们通常没有选择更容易的方式得到零食。
3.Whatdoesthetextmainlyfocuson?
A.StoriesofAesop’sFables.
B.Thedevelopmentofcrows.
C.Crows’intelligence.
D.Humananimalcommunication.
C 解析:
主旨大意题。
根据第二段最后一句“Theresultssuggestthatthebirdsare,atleastinsomeaspects,assmartasfirstgraders.”以及下文中的实验可知,整篇文章都是围绕乌鸦的智商问题来展开的。
4.Whatdoweknowaboutcrowsinthepassage?
A.Crowsarealmostascleverasfirstgradersinsomerespects.
B.Crowsunderstandwaterdisplacementcompletely.
C.Chimpsandchildrenaremuchsmarterthancrows.
D.ThestoryofTheCrowandthePitcherlacksevidence.
A 解析:
推理判断题。
根据第二段最后一句“Theresultssuggestthatthebirdsare,atleastinsomeaspects,assmartasfirstgraders.”可知,乌鸦在一些方面几乎跟一年级学生一样聪明。
B
(2020·潍坊统一考试)
Plantscannotrunorhide,sotheyneedotherstrategiestoavoidbeingeaten.Somecurluptheirleaves,othersproducechemicalstomakethemselvestastebadiftheysenseanimalsdroolingonthem,chewingthemuporlayingeggsonthem—allsignalsofanattack.Newresearchnowshowsthatsomefloracanfeelaplanteatinganimalwellbeforeitlaunchesanattack,lettingaplantprepareapreemptive(先发制人的)defensethatevenworksagainstotherpestspecies.
WhenecologistJohnOrrockoftheUniversityofWisconsinMadisonsprayedsnailslime—aliquidtheanimalsreleaseastheyslidealong—ontosoil,nearbytomatoplantsappearedtonotice.Theyincreasedtheirlevelsofanenzyme(酶),whichisknowntopreventplanteatinganimals.“Noneoftheplantswereeveractuallyattacked,”Orrocksays.“Wejustgavethemcuesthatsuggestedanattackwascoming,andthatwasenoughtocausebigchangesintheirchemistry.”
InitiallyOrrockfoundthisdefenseworkedagainstsnails;inthelateststudy,histeammeasuredtheslimywarning’simpactonanotherpotentialthreat.Theinvestigatorsfoundthathungrycaterpillars(毛虫),whichusuallyeattomatoleavesgreedily,hadnoappetiteforthemaftertheplantswereexposedtosnailslimeandactivatedtheirchemicalresistance.Thisnonspecificdefensemaybeastrategythatbenefitstheplantsbyfurtherimprovingtheiroverallpossibilitiesofsurvival,saysOrrock,whoreportedtheresultswithhiscolleaguesinMarchinOecologia.
Thefindingthatasnail’sapproachcancauseaplantresponsethataffectsadifferentanimalmadeRichardKarbancurious,aplantcommunicationsexpert,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.“Itissignificantthattheplantsarerespondingbeforebeingdamagedandthatthesecuesarehavingsuchfarrangingeffects,”Karbansays.“Theresearchwascomprehensive,”headds,“buthewondershowthetomatoplantsfeltchemicalsinsnailslimethatneveractuallytouchedthem.”
“That’sthemilliondollarquestion,”Orrocksays.Hehopesfutureresearchwillmakeoutthemechanismsthatenableplantstosensetheserelativelydistantcues.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了一项新的科学研究。
研究表明植物会对外在威胁相当警觉,会自动作出反应进行自我保护。
5.JohnOrrocksprayedaliquidontosoilneartomatoplantsto________.
A.makethemgrowbetter
B.givethemawarning
C.keepplanteatinganimalsaway
D.informplanteatinganimalsofdanger
B 解析:
推理判断题。
根据第二段最后一句“Wejustgavethemcuesthatsuggestedanattackwascoming,andthatwasenoughtocausebigchangesintheirchemistry.”可推知,JohnOrrock在西红柿植株附近的泥土上喷洒液体的目的是给予植物一种警告,让它们能够产生自我保护性反应,且其与第三段第一句中的“histeammeasuredtheslimywarning’simpactonanotherpotentialthreat”呼应,故选B。
6.WhyistheexampleofcaterpillarsmentionedinParagraph3?
A.Tointroduceanotheranimal.
B.Toconfirmtheresultofthestudy.
C.Toappealtopeopletoprotectanimals.
D.Toanalyzedifferentresistancechemicals.
B 解析:
推理判断题。
根据第三段第一句“InitiallyOrrockfoundthisdefenseworkedagainstsnails;inthelateststudy,histeammeasuredtheslimywarning’simpactonanotherpotentialthreat.”可推知,文章中提到毛虫的例子是为了验证研究的结果,故选B。
7.WhatdoesRichardKarbanreallywanttoknow?
A.Howtomatoplantsbecomeawareofdanger.
B.Whatthechemicalsinthesnailslimeare.
C.Whethertheresearchisofpracticalvalue.
D.Whatthefindingoftheresearchis.
A 解析:
推理判断题。
根据第四段最后一句“‘Theresearchwascomprehensive,’headds,‘buthewondershowthetomatoplantsfeltchemicalsinsnailslimethatneveractuallytouchedthem.’”,并结合对最后一段的整体理解可推知,RichardKarban实际上想了解的是西红柿植株是如何意识到危险的,故选A。
8.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A.WatchfulPlantsB.GreedyAnimals
C.ASnail’sApproachD.ADefenseAttack
A 解析:
标题归纳题。
根据文章中的关键词plant,并结合对全文的整体理解可推知,本文主要讲述的是有关植物的科学研究,研究发现植物有对外在威胁或攻击的自我保护性反应,故选A。
完形填空
(2020·昆明教学质量检测)Myleastfavoritepartwasparticipatinginsportmeets,forIlovedrunningbymyself.Whenfacedwithrunningagainstfellowathletes,Iwas__1__.Ihadbutterfliesinmystomachandthesuddenurgetogotothenearest__2__.Thisyear,__3__,Iwasencouragedtojoininarunningcompetitionbymycoach.
The800-metereventwasapproaching,meaningthatIwould__4__soon.Ibreatheddeeplyandtriedto__5__myworries.Iwalkedovertosomeofthe__6__whowouldrunwithmeandstartedto__7__withthem.Wewerealllooseningupandgettingreadytorunas__8__aspossible.
Isteppeduptothelinefortheevent.Thestarterraisedhisstartinggunand__9__.Abouttwentyfiverunners__10__.Withtheserunnersaroundme,I__11__mycoach’swords,“Youmaybesmall,butyouhave__12__power.”So,Ikeptupwithathletestwicemy__13__.Ipickeduptherunnerinseventhplaceandbasedmystepsonhim,makingitalittlebitfaster.Onebyone,I__14__tomakeittothetopfour,burstingaroundthelap.
Itwasthelastlapbeforethefinalstraightaway.I__15__Ihadthepossibilitytowin.SoIwidenedmysteps,speedingupmy__16__.Icaughtupwiththerunnerinfirstplaceandweransidebysidedownthelast100meters—I__17__himbyahairatthefinishingline.
Mycoachgavemea__18__hugasIheadedbacktoseehim.Hewas__19__becauseIhadshortenedmyoriginal__20__bytwelvesecondsatleast.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。
“我”以前喜欢一个人跑步,最不爱参加运动会,但是今年“我”努力尝试,参加了跑步比赛。
1.A.shockedB.nervous
C.comfortableD.brave
B 解析:
根据上文中的“forIlovedrunningbymyself”以及空后的“Ihadbutterfliesinmystomach”可知,当“我”与运动员同伴赛跑时,“我”很紧张。
2.A.stadiumB.hospital
C.bathroomD.station
C 解析:
根据该句中的“Ihadbutterfliesinmystomach”并结合选项和常识可推知,“我”和其他人一起跑步很紧张,会突然急切地想去最近的洗手间。
3.A.howeverB.instead
C.otherwiseD.moreover
A 解析:
空处所在句表示今年教练鼓励“我”去参加跑步比赛,与上文内容形成转折,所以用however“然而”。
4.A.delayB.fail
C.escapeD.compete
D 解析:
根据空前的“The800metereventwasapproaching”可知,“我”很快将参加800米比赛。
5.A.ignoreB.increase
C.formD.imagine
A 解析:
根据语境可知,“我”深呼吸并试图忽略自己的担忧。
6.A.reportersB.judges
C.runnersD.coaches
C 解析:
根据语境和空后的“whowouldrunwithme”可知,“我”走向一些将和“我”一起跑步的跑步者,开始和他们一起热身(warmup)。
7.A.watchoutB.turnback
C.getawayD.warmup
D 解析:
参见上题解析。
8.A.smoothlyB.rapidly
C.calmlyD.patiently
B 解析:
根据空前的“Wewereall...torun”并结合常识可知,“我们”都准备好尽可能快地奔跑。
9.A.returnedB.withdrew
C.screamedD.fired
D 解析:
根据语境可知,发令员举起发令枪并开枪(示意起跑)。
10.A.tookoffB.setdown
C.lookedonD.wentabout
A 解析:
根据上文可知,发令员开枪示意起跑,大约25名赛跑者出发。
11.A.challengedB.recalled
C.forgotD.adapted
B 解析:
根据语境可知,被这些赛跑者包围,“我”想起了教练的话。
12.A.exactB.great
C.practicalD.suitable
B 解析:
根据空前的“Youmaybesmall”“but”并结合语境可知,此处表示你或许弱小,但你拥有巨大的力量。
13.A.pressureB.salary
C.sizeD.age
C 解析:
根据语境并结合选项可知,“我”与两倍于自己体格的运动员齐头并进。
14.A.offeredB.pretended
C.regrettedD.managed
D 解析:
根据空后的“makeittothetopfour”可知,“我”设法跑进了前四。
15.A.claimedB.hea
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