Basic Sentence Patterns.docx

Basic Sentence Patterns.docx

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BasicSentencePatterns

BasicSentencePatterns

Therearefivebasicsentencepatterns.Theyare:

1.Subject+Copula+Complement

2.Subject+Verb+（Adverbial）

3.Subject+Verb+Object

4.Subject+Verb+IndirectObject+DirectObject

5.Subject+Verb+Object+ObjectComplement

I.Subject+Copula+Complement

1.Subject+Copula+Noun

Afriendtoeverybodyisafriendtonobody.

Tomwasonceanewspaperreporter.

2.Subject+Copula+Pronoun

Thecatclimbingupthestairsisnotyours;it'smine.

Itissomethingquiteunusual.

3.Subject+Copula+Adjective（+PrepositionalPhrase）　

A）Subject+Copula+Adjective（+PrepositionalPhrase）

MytriptoFrancewasmostpleasant.

Areyouangryatmywords?

B）Subject+Copula+Adjectivebeginningwith‘a’（+PrepositionalPhrase）

MissCathyandhersisterarequitealikeinappearance.

Hewasnotquiteawareoftheconsequenceofhisdecision.

Note:

Theusualadjectivesare：

ablaze,abroad,adrift,aflame,afloat,afraid,alight,alive,alone,ashamed,asleep,awake,etc.

C）Subject+Copula+Adjective+of-Phrase）

（1）

Everytimetheymeetus,theyarefullofcomplaintsaboutsomething.

Heiscarefuloftherightsofothers.

Note:

Theusualadjectivesare：

bare,capable,desirous,doubtful,fond,forgetful,free,guilty,ignorant,innocent,liberal,proud,quick,short,etc.

D）Subject+Copula+Adjective+of-Phrase）

（2）

That'sverythoughtfulofyourgrandmother.

Itisveryimpoliteofhimtospeaksoloudlyonsuchanoccasion.

Note:

Theusualadjectivesare：

careless,clever,considerate,cruel,foolish,good,kind,nice,right,rude,silly,stupid,unwise,wise,wrong,etc.

Suchadjectivesasthesearefrequentlyusedtodescribethecharacterorqualityofpeople.

4.Subject+Copula+-ingParticiple

Thesituationisquiteencouraging.

Whatthespeakersaidwasconvincingtothelisteners.

Note:

Themostcommonlyused–ingparticiplesare：

amusing,charming,encouraging,confusing,disappointing,discouraging,exciting,interesting,inviting,missing,misleading,obliging,pressing,promising,puzzling,refreshing,shocking,striking,surprising,etc..

5.Subject+Copula+-edParticiple

Theairportiswelldesigned.

Isyourfriendqualifiedforthepost?

Note:

Themostcommonlyused–edparticiplesare:

upset,decided,delighted,devoted,disappointed,discouraged,distinguished,drunk,amused,astonished,offended,hurt,faded,frightened,amazed,married,excited,exhausted,experienced,inexperienced,interested,complicated,confused,contented,crowded,qualified,pleased,puzzled,reserved,satisfied,surprised,tired,worried,unexpected,unmarried,unprepared,unqualified,etc..

6.Subject+Copula+Adjective+inf.（phrase）

Sheisveryreluctanttogowithus.

Agoodstudentisalwayscurioustolearn.

7.Subject+Copula+AdjectivePhrase+inf.（phrase）

Thisradioistoolargetogointomypocket.

Theboywascleverenoughnottocommitsuchastupidmistake.

8.Subject+Copula+Adjective+Wh-word+inf.（phrase）

Thelittlechildisnotcertainwhichtotake.

Youmustbecarefulhowtohandlethemachine.

9.Subject+Copula+Adjective+Clause

Thelocalpeoplearedeterminedthattheprojectbecompletedintime.

Theirdaughterwasveryhappythatshehadgottheopportunitytogotouniversity.

10.Subject+Copula+Adverb

Thelightwasstillonwhenhereturned.

Theirneighborwilltakecareoftheirhousewhiletheyareaway.

　　Theusualadverbsare：

down,in,off,out,over,up,etc.

11.Subject+Copula+PrepositionalPhrase

Matterisinconstantmotionandinconstantchange.

Theresponsibilityisonourpresident'sshoulder.

12.Subject+Copula+of-phrase

Jobseekingisofgreatinteresttoallthegraduates.

Whattheschoolmastersaidatthemeetingwasofmuchimportance.

　　Inthefirsttwosentencesabstractnounsareoftenusedafterof.Moreusagesare:

ofnouse,ofgreatvalue,ofsomesignificance,oflittleassistance,ofmuchhelp,ofnointerest,etc.Andtheprepositionalphrasecanbereplacedbyadjectiveequivalent：

ofgreathelp=mosthelpful.

Inthesecondtwosentences‘thesame’isusedbefore‘of’,whichisoftenomittedandthenounsareoftenusedtoexpressage,measurement,color,etc：

thesameage,thesameweight,thesamelength,thesamesize,thesameprice,thesamewidth,etc.

13.Subject+Copula+inf.（phrase）

Ourapproachtonatureistoseekanswersinexperiment.

Thedutyofapostmanistodeliverlettersandparcels.

14.Subject+Copula+Wh-word+inf.（phrase）

Thetroubleishowtofindanewsourceofsupply.

Thegeneral'sorderwaswhenandwheretoattacktheenemy.

15.Subject+Copula+Clause

Herimpressionisthatheisinfavourofthearrangement.

What'stroublingmeisthatIdon'thavemuchexperienceinthiskindofwork.

16.Subject+Semi-copula+Complement

Theirefforthasprovedtobeafailure.

Thesearchfornewmaterialsremainsamatterofconsiderableimportance.

Themostcommonlyusedsemi-copulasare：

become,come,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,lie,look,seem,smell,taste,turn,etc.

II.Subject+Verb+（Adverbial）

1.Subject+IntransitiveVerb+（Adverbial）

Mywatchhasstopped.

Heat,light,soundandelectricitytravelinwaves.

2.Subject+IntransitiveVerb+（for）+Complement

Hewalkedfortenmiles.

Theheadmasterspokeforanhour.

Thereareagreatdealofverbswiththispattern,someofthemostusualare:

climb,come,drive,drop,fall,follow,grow,jump,march,move,ride,rise,run,sink,swim,walk,weigh,work.

3.Subject+IntransitiveVerb+inf.（phrase）

IcametoburyCaesar,nottopraisehim.

Theoldwomansatinacornersoasnottobenoticedbyanybody.

4.Subject+go-phrase

SometeachersatourcollegegotochurcheverySundaymorning.

Helenwenttoofficeathalfpasteightyesterday.

Moreexamplesoftheusage:

gotobed/college/hell/hospital/law/market/press/sea/school/town/war,etc.

5.Subject+IntransitiveVerb+NominalAdverbial

Theforestsstretched（for）milesandmiles.

Thatpairoftrouserswilllastmeatleastanotheryear.

Usualverbsare：

cost,fall,live,march,measure,rise,run,travel,wait,walk,weight,work,etc.

6.Subject&Verb+so/not

Ithinkso.

Ihopenot.

Note:

Frequentlythepatterisinverted;SoIbelieve.SoI’veheard.

Theverbsinthispatternare:

beafraid,believe,expect,hope,say,suppose,think,etc.Buttheverbshear,notice,seecanbeusedonlywiththeinvertedpattern（SoIhear,etc.）

7.Subject+PhrasalVerb+（Adverbial）

Someoftherulesaredyingoutgradually.

TheplaneforShanghaitakesoffattentosix.

8.there+be+Subject+（Adverbial）

Thereismuchtruthinwhatyousay.

Therehavebeenmanysuchincidentsbeforeinthisarea.

9.there＋be＋no＋-ingparticiple（phrase）

Therewasnoknowingwhenhewouldbeback.

Thereisnodenyingthatheisagoodleader.

10.there＋PhrasalVerb＋Subject＋（Adverbial）

Therehappenedtobealetterboxatthecornerofthestreet.

Thereusedtobemanytrafficaccidentsbeforethefly-waywasbuilt.

11.there+IntransitiveVerb＋Subject+（Adverbial）

Thereliesabigoilfieldbeyondthehill.

Thererunsasmallriverthroughthetown.

Suchintransitiveverbsare：

appear,arise,begin,come,emerge,exist,fall,follow,hang,land,live,occur,rise,sit,stand,etc.

III.Subject+Verb+Object

1.Subject+TransitiveVerb+Noun/Pronoun

Thetheorybearsexamination.

Theyhaveknowneachotherverywell.

2.Subject+TransitiveVerb+CognateNoun

Idreamtacurious,terribledreamlastnight.

Thegirlsmiledaverysweetsmiletoherboyfriend.

Suchcognatenounsare：

sleepasoundsleep,laughaheartylaugh,dieaheroicdeath,singamerrysong,fightabloodyfight,runarace,etc.

3.Subject+TransitiveVerb+Noun（derivedfromverb）

Ioftentakeahotbathintheevening.

Theearthquakehascausedgreatdamageandlossoflife.

Theclimbershadseveralrestsontheirwayupthehill.

Theverbswiththispattern：

do,have,give,make,take,etc.

Themostcommonlyusednounsderivedfromverbare:

bath,breath,cry,damage,drive,effort,glance,look,nap,progress,rest,ride,share,smoke,stroll,talk,telephonecall,try,walk,work,etc.

4.Subject＋have（got）+Noun+inf.（phrase）

Ourdeanwillhaveanimportantmeetingtoattendnextweek.

Thenursehasgotfivechildrentolookafter.

5.Subject+IntransitiveVerb+Preposition+Noun/Pronoun

Thetownreliedontheseasonaltouristindustryforjobs.

Wemuststicktotheprinciplethroughthickandthin.

6.Subject+IntransitiveVerb+of+Noun/Pronoun

Herparentsdidnotapproveoftheirmarriage.

Latelyhehasbeencomplainingofinsomniaandheadache.

Wehavesomeothersuchusages：

admitof,dreamof,judgeof,knowof,readof,repentof,speakof,talkof,tellof,thinkof,writeof,etc.

7.Subject+TransitiveVerb+Noun+Preposition+Noun/Pronoun

Moststudentstakeanactivepartinsports.

I'llpayavisittoanoldfriendofminebeforeIleave.

8.Subject+TransitiveVerb+Adverb+Noun

Theoperatordidn'tputthroughthepassenger.

WhenMrGreenretiredhissontookoverthebusinessfromhim.

9.Subject+TransitiveVerb+Noun/pronoun+Adverb

Let'stakeourraincoatsoffsinceithasstoppedraining.

IfIgetanyfurtherinformation,Iwillringyouup.

　　Thispatternisderivedfromtheformer.Moreverbsare：

giveup,laydown,makeup,takein,takeup,setup,etc.

Note:

Whentheobjectisapronoun,theadverbisgenerallyplacedaftertheobject：

Pleasetakethemdown.

10.Subject+IntransitiveVerb+Adverb+Preposition+Noun/Pronoun

Theyhavebeenlookingforwardtoincreasingtradebetweenthetwocountries.

I