完整word版浙江省杭州市高考英语阅读理解一轮基础练习4.docx
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完整word版浙江省杭州市高考英语阅读理解一轮基础练习4.docx
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完整word版浙江省杭州市高考英语阅读理解一轮基础练习4
杭州市2015高考英语阅读理解一轮基础练习(4)及答案
阅读理解
Medicaldrugssometimescausemoredamagethantheycure.Onesolutiontothisproblemistoputthedrugsinsideacapsule,protectingthemfromthebody—andthebodyfromthem—untiltheycanbereleasedatjusttherightspot.Therearelotsofwaystotrigger(引发)thisrelease,includingchangingtemperature,acidity,andsoon.Buttriggerscancomewiththeirownrisks—burns,forexample.Now,researchersinCaliforniahavedesignedwhatcouldbeaharmlesstriggertodate:
shiningnearinfraredlight(NIR,近红外线)onthedruginthecapsule.
Theideaofusinglighttoliberatethedruginthecapsuleisn'tnew.Researchersaroundtheglobehavedevelopedpolymers(聚合物)andothermaterialsthatbegintobreakdownwhentheyabsorbeitherultraviolet(UV,紫外线)orvisiblelight.ButtissuesalsoreadilyabsorbUVandvisiblelight,whichmeansthedrugreleasecanbetriggeredonlyneartheskin,wherethelightcanreachthecapsule.NIRlightlargelypassesthroughtissues,soresearchershavetriedtouseitasatrigger.Butfewcompounds(化合物)absorbNIRwellandgothroughchemicalchanges.
ThatchangedlastyearwhenAdahAlmutairi,achemistat
theUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,reportedthatsheandhercolleagueshaddesignedapolymerthatbreaksdownwhenitabsorbsNIRlight.TheirpolymerusedacommerciallyavailableNIRabsorbinggroupcalledonitrobenzyl(ONB).Whentheycatchthelight,ONBgroupsfalloffthepolymer,leadingtoitsbreakdown.ButONBisonlyasosoNIRabsorber,anditcouldbepoisonoustocellswhenitseparatesfromthepolymer.
SoAlmutairiand
hercolleaguesreportedcreatinganewmaterialforcapsulesthat'sevenbetter.Thisoneconsistsofalongchainofcompoundscalledcresolgroupslinkedin
apolymer.Cresolcontainsreactive(易反应的)componentsthatmakeithighlyunstableinitspolymericform,afeatureAlmutairiandhercolleaguesusetotheiradvantage.Afterpolymerizingthecresols,theycapeachreactivecomponentwithalightabsorbingcompoundcalledBhc.
WhentheBhcsabsorbNIRlight,thereactivegroupsareexposedandbreakthelongpolymerintotwoshortchains.Shiningadditionallightcontinuesthisbreakdown,potentiallyreleasinganydrugsinthecapsule.What'smore,Almutairisays,Bhcis10timesbetterata
bsorbingNIRthanisONBandisnotpoisonoustocells.
63.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcouldbethebest
trigger?
A.Temperaturechange.B.NIRlight.
C.Aciditychange.D.UVlight.
64.WhyisONBunsatisfactory?
A.ItbreaksdownwhenitabsorbsNIRlight
.
B.Itfallsoffthepolymerandtriggersdrugrelease.
C.Ithasnotcomeontothemarketuptillnow.
D.Itisnoteffectiveenoughandcouldbepoisonous.
65.Whichwordcanbeusedtocompletethefollowingprocessofchanges?
⇨
⇨
⇨
A.protectedB.formed
C.exposedD.combined
【要点综述】这是一篇科技文。
怎样使用胶囊?
如何让吃药更加安全、疗效更好?
文章对此做了介绍。
63.B 信息理解题。
根据第一段最后一句“Now,researchersinCaliforniahavedesignedwhatcouldbeaharmlesstriggerto
date:
shiningnearinfrare
dlight(NIR,近红外线)onthedruginthecapsule.”可知答案。
64.D 推理判断题。
根据第三段最后两句“…ONBgroupsfalloffthepolymer,leadingtoitsbreakdown.”和“…anditcouldbepoisonoustocells…”可知答案。
65.C 信息理解题。
根据最后一段第五句“WhentheBhcsabsorbNIRlight,thereactivegroupsareexposedandbreakthelongpolymerintotwoshortchains.”可知此处用exposed,即C项正确。
社会生活类
Twofriendshaveanargumentthatbreaksuptheirfriendshipforever,eventhoughneitheronecanrememberhowthewholethinggotstarted.Suchsadeventshappenoverandoverinhighschoolsacrossthecountry.Infact,accordingtoanofficialreportonyouthviolence,“Inourcountrytoday,thegreatestthreattothelivesofchildrenandadolescentsisnotdiseaseorstarvationorabandonment,buttheterriblerealityofviolence”.Giventhatthisisthecase,whyaren’tstudentsta
ughttomanageconflictthewaytheyaretaughttosolvemathproblems,drivecars,orstayphysicallyfit?
Firstofall,studentsneedtorealizethatconflictisunavoidable.Areportonviolenceamongmiddleschoolandhighschoolstudentsindicatesthatmostviolentincidentsbetweenstudentsbeginwitharelativelyminorinsult(侮辱).Forexample,afightcouldstartoverthefactthatonestudenteatsapeanutbuttersandwicheachlunchtime.Laughteroverthesandwichcanleadtoinsults,whichinturncanleadtoviolence.Theproblemisn’tinthesandwich,butinthewaystudentsdealwiththeconflict.
Oncestudentsrecognizethatconflictisunavoidable,theycanpracticethegoldenruleofconflictresolution(解决):
staycalm.Oncethestudentfeelscalmer,heorsheshouldchoosewordsthatwillcalmtheotherpersondownaswell.Rudewords,name-calling,andaccusationsonlyaddfueltotheemotionalfire.Ontheotherhand,softwordsspokenatanormalsoundle
velcanputoutthefirebeforeitexplodesoutofcontrol.
Afterbothsideshavecalmeddown,theycanuseanotherkeystrategy(策略)forconflictresolution:
listening.Listeningallowsthetwosidestounderstandeachother.Onepersonshoulddescribehisorherside,andtheotherpersonshouldlistenwithoutinterrupting.Afterward,thelistenercanasknon-threateningquestionstoclarifythespeaker’sposition.Thenthetwopeopleshouldchangeroles.
Finally,studentsneedtoconsiderwhattheyarehearing.Thisdoesn’tmeantryingtofigureoutwhat’swrongwiththeotherperson.Itmeansunderstandingwhattherealissueisandwhatbothsidesaretryingtoaccomplish.Forexample,ashoutingmatchoverapeanutbuttersandwichmighthappenbecauseonepersonthinkstheotherpersonisunwillingtotrynewthings.Studentsneedtoaskthemselvesquestionssuchasthese:
Howdidthisstart?
WhatdoIreallywant?
WhatamIafraidof?
Astheissuebecomesclearer,theconflictoftensimplybecomessmaller.Evenifitdoesn’t,carefulthoughthelpsbothsidesfigureoutamutualsolution.
Therewillalwaysbeconflictinschools,butthatdoesn’tmeanthereneedstobeviolence.AfterstudentsinAtlantastartedaconflictresolutionprogram,accordingtoEducatorsforSocialResponsibility,“64percentoftheteachersreportedlessphysicalviolenceintheclassroom;75percentoftheteachersreportedanincreaseinstudentcooperation;and92percentofthestudentsfeltbetteraboutthemselves”.
Learningtore
solveconflictscanhelpstudentsdealwithfriends,teachers,parents,bosses,andcoworkers.Inthatway,conflictresolut
ionisabasiclifeskillthatshouldbetaughtinschoolsacrossthecountry.
1.Thisarticleismainlyabout .
A.thelivesofschoolchildren B.thecauseofargumentsinschools
C.howtoanalyzeyouthviolence D.howtodealwithschoolconflicts
2.FromParagraph2
wecanlearnthat .
A.violenceismorelikelytooccuratlunchtime
B.asmallconflictcanleadtoviolence
C.studentstendtolosetheirtempereasily
D.theeatinghabitofastudentisoftenthecauseofafight
3.WhydostudentsneedtoaskthemselvesthequestionsstatedinParagraph5?
A.Tofindoutwhoistoblame.
B.T
ogetreadytotrynewthings.
C.Tomakeclearwhattherealissueis.
D.Tofigureouthowtostoptheshou
tingmatch.
4.AftertheconflictresolutionprogramwasstartedinAtlanta,itwasfoundthat .
A.therewasdecreaseinclassroomviolence
B.therewaslessstudentcooperationintheclassroom
C.moreteachersfeltbetteraboutthemselvesinschools
D.theteacher-studentrelationshipgreatlyimproved
5.Thewriter’spurposeforwritingthisarticleisto .
A.complainaboutproblemsinschooleducation
B.teachstudentsdifferentstrategiesforschoollife
C.advocateteachingconflictmanagementinschools
D.informteachersofthelateststudiesonschoolviolence
【参考答案】41.DBCAC
【山东省潍坊市2014高考英语一模试题】D
Today,wearetold,childrendon’tspendenoughtimeinthefreshair.ManyofthemareaddictedtoascreeneitheronacomputeroraTV—theyseemtobelivinginavirtualworld.Theyhavelosttouqhwithnature.
Butnow400organizationsintheUK,fromplaygroupstotheNationalHealthService,areencouragingchildrentohavesome“wildtime”.Theywan
tkidstoswapatleast30minutesofwatchingTVorplayingcomputergamesfortimeplayingoutside.Activitiessuchasbuildingdens,climbingtrees,rummagingforconkersandplayinghideandseekarejustsomeofthethingskidscando.Eveniftheyliveinacity,theycangoonadventuresinthegardenorthepark.
Childrenoftenneedahelpinghandfrommumanddad.Theyneedtobeshownwhattodoandwheretogo.AndySimpsonfromNationalHealthServicesays,“Wewantparentstoseewhatthismagicalwonderproductdoesfortheirkids’development,independenceandcreativ
ity,bygivingwildtimeago”.
Sodespitethecomplicatedworldthatyoungpeoplegrowupinnow,itseemsthatgoingbacktobasicsandexperiencing“nature’splayground”iswhatmodernchildrenneed.DavidBondfromProjectWildThingsays,“Weneedtomakemorespaceforwildtimeinchildren’sdailyroutine,freeingthisgenerationofkidstohavethesortofexperiencesthatmanyofustookforgranted”.
Thismightsoundabitoldfashionedtoyouormaybe,likeme,it’smadeyouthinkaboutstickingonyourboots,gettingoutdoorsandrelivingyourchildhood.There’snoagelimitonenjoyingyourself!
56.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?
A.WildtimeforchildrenB.Benefitsofwildtime
C.MorespaceforchildrenD.Adventuresofchildren
57.Childrenareencouragedtodothefollowingactivitiesexcept
A.buildingdensB.climbingtrees
C.playinghideandseekD.watchingTV
58.AccordingtoAndySimpson,weknowthat
A.wildtimeish
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