高三英语句子的基本成分和五种基本句型 综合练习.docx
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高三英语句子的基本成分和五种基本句型 综合练习.docx
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高三英语句子的基本成分和五种基本句型综合练习
精锐教育学科教师辅导讲义
讲义编号11gz2yy006784
学员编号:
gz2wql511年级:
高三课次数/课时进度:
3(27/36)
学员姓名:
李洋阳辅导科目:
英语学科教师:
陈桂冰
学科组长签名及日期
白梅2011/4/5
课题
句子的主要成分和五种基本句型
授课时间:
2011-4-7
备课时间:
2011-4-4
教学目标
1.增大词汇量
2.写出正确的句子
重点、难点
1.如何记忆单词
2.句子成分以及其位置
考点及考试要求
1.语言的综合运用能力
2.培养良好的学习习惯
教学内容
Part1HomeworkChecking&Revision
Part2SentenceStructures
一:
句子成分摸底测试
一.指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分:
1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.
2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.
3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.
4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!
5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.
二.判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句:
1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.
2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.
3.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn’tthere?
4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.
5.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.
二:
基本语法
概述句子成分
句子的基本成分包括:
主语、谓语、宾语、表语、补语
句子的附加成分主要有:
定语、状语
Forexample:
MybrotherteachesEnglishataschool.
主语谓语宾语状语
1.主语:
一句话的主体,英语句子中不可或缺的成分,是全句述说的对象。
常由名词或相当于名词的词担任位于句首。
找出下面句子的主语部分
Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.
Heisinterestedinmusic.
Whomdidyougivemybookto?
WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.
Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.
Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.
Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.
200yuanisnottoomuchmoney.
你知道哪些词可以用来充当主语吗?
2.谓语:
说出主语的动作或状态的由动词担任,位于主语之后。
找出下面句子的谓语:
Thereisanoldmancominghere.
Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.
Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.
Wehadbettersendforadoctor.
Heisinterestedinmusic.
Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.
Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.
Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.
你觉得谓语动词有哪几种?
3.宾语:
及物动词的动作对象和介词所联系的对象,常由名词或相当于名词的词担任,位于动词或介词之后。
请找出下面的宾语:
Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?
Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?
Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.
Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.
Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!
Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.
Whomdidyougivemybookto?
你觉得宾语有什么样的特点?
Exercise
用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语(—)、谓语(=)、宾语(~):
Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.
4.状语:
修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句,常由副词或相当于副词的词组担任;
可置于动词之前或之后,只能置于形容词或副词之前。
Therewasabigsmileonherface.
Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.
HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.
Themanonthemotorbikewastravelingtoofast.
Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.
Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.
Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.
Iusuallygotoschoolbybus.
你知道状语有哪几种吗?
Examples:
Brownisateacher.
Itisfinetoday
五、表语:
表述主语的身份或特征的常由名词或形容词担任,置于连系动词之后。
请指出下面的表语部分:
Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.
Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.
Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.
Iamafraidthatifyou'velostit,youmustpayforit.
Itseemstoraintomorrow.
Thebreadyouboughtyesterdayhasgonebad.
Theleavesturnyellowwhenautumncomes.
如何有效地寻找表语?
Examples:
TheparentsnamedtheirbabyTony.
WeelectedJoycetobethechiefmonitor.
Heoftenmakeshissistercry.
六、补语:
用来补充主语和宾语的意义,一般都着重说明主语或宾语的身份或特征。
我们常常把表语称之为主语补语,而用来说明宾语的身份和特征的部分称为宾语补足语。
你能找出下面的宾语补足语吗?
Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.
Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.
Shefounditdifficulttodothework.
DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?
IsawMrWanggetonthebus.
TheycallmeLilysometimes.
你觉得如何才能有效地找到宾语补足语?
Examples:
Janeisabeautifulgirl.
Johnhadagreatdesiretotravel.
Childrenwholivebytheseausuallybegintoswimatanearlyage.
七、定语:
限定或修饰名词或相当于名词的词,常由形容词或相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。
形容词位于名词之前,短语或从句置于名词之后。
请找出下面的定语部分:
Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.
Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?
Whatisyourgivenname?
Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.
PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.
Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!
定语的作用是什么?
一般位于什么位置?
Exercise
用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语(—)、状语(=)、补语(~):
MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!
Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina?
Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.
Part3Practice--SentenceStructures
1.选择题
()1.____willleaveforBeijing.
A.NowtherethemanB.Themanherenow
C.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow
()2.Theweather____.
A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldC.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold
()3.Theappletasted____.
A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicelyD.sweet
()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.
A.latelyB.lateC.latestD.latter
()5.Theactor______attheageof70.
A.deadB.diedC.dyedD.deaded
()6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.
A.We,usB.Us,weC.We,ourD.We,we
()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.
A.crowdB.crowdingC.crowdedD.crowdedly
()8.Ithink_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.
A.itsB.itC.thatD.thatis
()9.Thedog____mad.
A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglookedD.waslooked
2.阅读理解
Oneofthebest-knownAmericanwritersofchildren’sbooksisAlfredStrong,orDoctorStrong,asheisbetterknowntoreaderseverywhere.Now,anartshowcalled“DoctorStrongFromThentoNow”istravellingaroundtheUnitedStates.ThepicturesanddrawingsshowthehistoryofDoctorStrong.
DoctorStrongfirstbecamefamousalmostfiftyyearsagowhenhisfirstchildren’sbookwaspublished.Sincethen,hehaswrittenforty-fivebooksthathavesoldmorethanonehundredmillioncopiesaroundtheworld.
DoctorStrong’sbooksareknownfortheireasyuseofwordsandcolorful,hand-drawnpictures.Thesedrawingsbringlifetohisimaginarycreatures.TheCatintheHat,HortontheElephant,TheGrinchWhoStoleChristmas,andhundredsofothers.
TheSanDiegoMuseum,inCalifornia,organizedtheartshow.ItincludedaboutthreehundredDoctorStrong’soriginal(最早的)drawingsandsomeofhiswritings.
MostofDoctorStrong’sbooks,althoughwritteninafunnyway,haveseriousmessages.Forexample,inMcElligot’sPool,hedescribesthedangerofpollution.HediscussesthearmsraceinTheButterBattleBook,writteninnineteeneighty-four.
DoctorStrongisalmosteighty-fouryearsoldnow.Hesaysheneverplannedtowritestoriesjustforchildren.Hesayshewritesstoriesthatinterestpeopleofallages.Hesaysheuseseasywordssothateveryone,evenachild,canunderstand.
1.AlfredStrongisafamous_______intheUnitedStates.
A.doctor B.artist C.writer D.reader
2.DoctorStrongfirstbecamefamousin_______.
A.hiseightieswhenanartshowwastravellingaroundtheUnitedStates
B.hisfiftieswhenhisdrawingsandwritingswerepublished
C.nineteeneighty-fourwhenhisbookMeEligot’sPoolwaspublished
D.histhirtieswhenhisfirstbookwaspublished
3.DoctorStrong’sbooksareverypopularinAmericabecause_______.
A.theyarestoriesaboutanimalssuchascats,elephantsandsoon
B.theyarewrittenineasywordswithcolourfulpictures
C.heorganizedtheartshowinCalifornia
D.theyarewritteninafunnyway
4.Hispurposeinwritingmanysuchbooksis_______.
A.toshowhisoriginalpicturesanddrawings
B.toorganizeaspecialartshowofhisown
C.tomakehisreaderslaughorsmilewhentheyreadhisbooks
D.notonlytointerestpeoplebuttoexpose(uncover)someserioussocialproblems
Part4.五种基本句型
句子是由主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等组成的,依其组合方式可分为五种基本句型,如下表所示:
种类
句型
主语S
谓语动词
谓语动词V
表语P
宾语O
宾语补足语OC
第一种
S+V
We
work,
第二种
S+V+O
He
plays
thepiano
第三种
S+V+P
We
are
students
第四种
S+V+间接宾语+直接宾语
She
gave
meapen
第五种
S+V+O+OC
He
made
theboy
laugh
一、第一种句型:
主语+不及物动词:
S+V
Birdsfly.
主语谓语(不及物动词)
Herunsinthepark.
主语谓语地点状语
Classbegins.(begin在句中是不及物动词)
(一)主谓结构(主语+不及物动词)
1.你应当努力学习。
2.她昨天回家很晚。
3.那天早上我们谈了很多。
4.会议将持续两个小时。
5.在过去的十年里,我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。
二、第二种句型:
主语+及物动词+宾语:
S+V+O
Myfatherreadthebook.
主语谓语(及物动词)宾语
有宾语的动词是及物动词,可当宾语者有名词和名词的相当语(代词、不定式、动名词。
)
ShelikesEnglish.(名词作宾语)
Iknowhimverywell.(代词作宾语)
同第一种句型一样,本句型可以有状语、定语修饰
Theywanttogo.(不定式作宾语)
Hestoppedwriting.(动名词作宾语)
(二)主谓宾结构(主语+及物动词+宾语)
1.昨晚我写了一封信。
2.今天下午我想同你谈谈。
3.这本书他读过多次了。
4.他们成功地完成了计划。
5.你们必须在两周内看完这些书。
三、第三种句型:
主语+系动词+表语:
S+V+P
Hebecameascientist
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