雅思强化写作讲义.docx
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雅思强化写作讲义.docx
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雅思强化写作讲义
写作强化阶段讲义
吴浩George
wuhaoielts@
wuhaoielts2012
8243559
学习目标:
1.全面地了解IELTS写作
2.明确IELTS写作的要求
3.了解议论文的分类和主要类型的文章结构
4.掌握一种有效的句子构成法:
四步句子速成法
5.了解各种图表作文的特征和各类图表的典型写作句型
6.熟悉各个话题的实用词汇和短语
第一讲:
第一部分:
IELTS写作概述
AnoverviewoftheIELTSwritingtest解决三个问题:
1.What:
WhatistheformatoftheIELTSwritingtest?
Componentsofthewritingtest:
taskwriting
Task1:
towriteasummaryofsomegraphicorpictorialinformation.
●Data:
linechart,piechart,barchart,table,mixture
●Facts:
flowchart,maps
Task2:
toproduceawrittenargumentonagiventopic.
●Opinion:
A/B(optionA/optionB),A/D(advantages/disadvantages)
●Solution:
Causes,Effects,Solutions
2.Why:
Whyisthetestdesignedinthisway?
Thenatureandgoalofeachtask
Taskone
Form
Nature
Goal
Report
Objective
Tohelpthereaderstounderstandthetable
Tasktwo
Form
Nature
Goal
Essay
Subjective
Toconvincethereaders
3.How:
Howtoachievethewritinggoalofeachtask?
Thecriteriaofthewritingtest
Content:
essentialcomponentsofyourresponsecomplete&relevant
Task1
1.anoverviewofthegeneraltrends
2.asummaryordescriptionofthekeyfeaturesinthegraphordiagram
3.supportingdata
4.atleast150words(180words)
Task2
1.responsestoallpartsofthequestion
2.positiononthetopic
3.ideasrelevantandappropriatetothetopic
4.developmentoftheideasor/andsupporttotheideas
5.relevantconclusiontothetopic
6.atleast250words(300words)
Organization:
Readerswillnoticeitwhenyoufailtodoitwell.
Coherence
布局
Thelogicalorganizationofyourideasandsentencesinbothyourparagraphandessayasawhole
Cohesion
连接
Theorganizationofyourlanguage,showingtherelationshipbetweenyourideas
Grammar
Grammatical
range
1.sentencetypes:
simple,compound,complex,andcompound-complex
2.othergrammaticalstructures:
concession,modals,cause/effects,active/passive,conditionalsandtenses
Grammatical
accuracy
1.correctpunctuation
2.correcttense
3.agreementofsubjectwiththeverb
Vocabulary(LexicalResource)
1.touseappropriateandaccuratewordsandexpressions
2.touseagoodrangeofvocabularytocoverthetopic
3.tousecorrectwordforms
4.tousesomeidiomaticlanguage
5.touseaccuratespelling
总结:
IELTS写作就是用西方的思维方式和地道的英语表达来阐述合理的想法。
第二部分:
议论文概述:
1.议论文的分类
1)问题现象类:
问题出现的原因
问题带来的影响
解决问题的方法
原因和方法最好是一一对应
2)表达观点类
对两个相对立的观点进行分析,最后得出自己的观点
观点对立的形式一般有两种:
A/B,A/D
2.议论文的结构
1)问题现象类
开篇
问题现象介绍
主体
根据要求分段
总结
问题要点复述
2)表达观点类
A.观点偏向型:
一般采用5段式
开篇(第一段)
介绍主题+陈述观点
主体1(第二段)
论证第一个分论点
主体2(第三段)
论证第二个分论点
主体3(第四段)
让步段:
陈述对方观点后回归自身观点
总结(第五段)
复述自身观点
B.观点中立型:
一般采用4段式
开篇(第一段)
介绍主题+文章布局
主体1(第二段)
论证第一个观点
主体2(第三段)
论证第二个观点
总结(第四段)
阐述自己的中立观点
观点中立型范文:
Question:
Theagingpopulationsofmoredevelopedcountriesaregoingtocausesocialandeconomicproblemsforsocietyinthefuture,especiallyfortheyoungergeneration.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththisstatement?
Inthemodernworldtoday,peopleareexpectedtolivelongerbecauseofbetterhealthcareresources,theavailabilityofbetterqualityfoodsandthehigherstandardsofliving.(介绍背景)Whilethechangingagestructureofsocietymightbeproblematic,itshouldnotalwaysbeviewedassomethingthreatening.(文章布局)
Thereisnodenyingthatconstraintsoftime,moneyandspaceareplacedonmodernindustrialsocietieswithgrowingagedpopulationanddecliningbirthrates.(第一个观点)Themostobviouswouldbethecostsassociatedwithcaringfortheelderly,fundingtheirretirementpensionsandprovidingresidentialcareaccommodation.(第一个论点)Governmentscannotbeexpectedtocarrythisburdenalone.Theywouldneedtoimposeadditionaltaxesontheyoungerpopulationandshiftsomeofthecaringresponsibilitiesontotheextendedfamilies.(支撑论据)
However,thevaluablecontributionsthatactiveandhealthyagedindividualscanmakeshouldnotbeoverlooked.(第二个观点)Firstly,theseretiredindividualscouldtaketheroleofcarersfortheirgrandchildren,(第一个论点)allowingbothparentstoworklongerhoursandsaveondaycareexpenses.Theextraearningsandsavingscouldbeusedtoimprovethefamily’slivingstandards.(支撑论据)Secondly,theretireescouldvolunteertheirservicesasdriversfortheveryoldandsick.(第二个论点)Forexample,theycoulddelivermealsdirectlytotheirhomesandassistwithtransportationtoandfromspecialistappointmentsorhospital.(支撑论据)
Inconclusion,therearebothpositiveandnegativeissuesassociatedwithagingpopulations.Itisbesttotakeabalancedapproach.Peopleneedtoworktogetherandrecognizethatallmembersofsocietycontributeinmanydiversewaystothewell-beingofthewholecommunity.(本人的中立观点)
Task2题目范围
Topic
Subtopic
Media
Privacyissues;censorship;influenceofadvertising
Education
Testingandassessment;publicandprivateeducation;home-schooling
Environment
Eco-tourism;globalwarming;pollution
Health&Nutrition
Obesity;alternativemedicine;diet;exercise;
healthcare
Communication
Theinternet;mobilephones;textmessaging
Society&Culture
Communities;traditions,habitsandcustoms;artsandmusic;traditionalcultureversuspopularculture
Family
Parentsandchildren;responsibilitiesinafamily;generationgap;relationships---marriageanddivorce
Employment
Unemployment;workplaceconditions;jobtraining;apprenticeships
Transport
Infrastructure;vehiclesafety;roadtolls;
choiceoftransport
Technology
Dependenceontechnology;
computersandmobilephones;trendsandchanges
Sciences
Marinebiology;archaeology;architecture;geography
第三部分:
136写作基础词汇第一部分
Education:
1
parenting
名词
家长给小孩的教育
Theriseinmaternalemploymentinallfamilytypes,combinedwiththeriseinsingleparenting,callsforsignificantattentiontobuildingstrongsupportstructuresforchildrenandteenagers.
2
schooling
名词
教育
Hedidnotgetmuchschooling.
3
cultivate
及物动词
培养
Mindisatempletocultivateoneself.
4
awareness=sense
=recognition
名词
意识
ØYouthglidedpastwithoutourawareness.
ØItisshownthatthereexistsenseofinferiority,senseofloss,anxiety,senseofdepressioninthecourseofthedevelopmentandgettingusefulofthecivilian-runcollegestudents.
ØThere'sagrowingrecognitionthatparentsshouldpaymoreattentiontotheirchildren.
5
creative/original
形容词
有创造力的
ØHecombinescreativeimaginationandtruescholarship.
ØHisdesignsarehighlyoriginal.
6
physical
形容词
身体的
Stayinguplatemakeshimathisworstintermsofphysicalsituation.
7
psychological
形容词
心理的
Therecouldbesomepsychologicalexplanationforhisbad
health.
8
peer
名词
同龄人
Theopinionsofhispeersaremoreimportanttohimthanhisparents'ideas.
9
motivation
名词
动力
ØTherelativepriceeffectstatesthattheonlyefficientmotivationforemployeesisforemployerstooffermonetaryrewards---themoremoneythatisoffered,thehigherthemotivation.
ØAsiswellknown,thefailureorsuccessofEnglishlearningislargelydecidedbystudents'motivation,therefore,asateacher,therealizationandarousalofstudents'learningmotivationplayanextremelyimportantroleinteachingalanguage.
10
adaptto
动词短语
适应
Youmustadapttothenormsofthesocietyyoulivein.
11
discipline
名词
纪律
Thechildrenarehappyattheschool,buttheylackdiscipline.
12
memorise
及物动词
记忆
Trytomemorisethenamesofallthepeopleyouseetheretonight.
13
acquire
及物动词
获得
ShehasmasteredEnglishgrammarandacquiredalargevocabularywithoutthehelpofateacher.
14
stimulating
形容词
有趣的
Ecologyasasubjecthasmanystimulatingcharacteristics.
Media
15
prevalent
形容词
无处不在的
Theprevalentopinionisinfavorofreform.
16
objective
形容词
客观的
Hefindsitdifficulttoremainobjectivewherehissonisconcerned.
17
biased
形容词
有偏见的
Hercolleaguesaregenerallybiasedagainsther.
18
celebrity
名词
名人
AnunhealthyobsessionwithcelebritycultureisdamagingtheacademicsuccessofBritishstudents,asurveyofteachersfoundonFriday,withcelebritycoupletheBeckhamsthefavoriteinspiration.
19
journalist
名词
记者
He'sajournalistontheDailyTelegraph.
20
thepress
名词短语
新闻界
ThemajorityofthepresssupporttheGovernment'sforeignpolicy.
21
coverage
名词
报道
There'slittlecoverageofforeignnewsinthenewspaper.
22
misleading
形容词
有误导性的
Thebrochurewasextremelymisleadingaboutthecostoftheholiday.
23
dependable
形容词
可靠的
IneedsomeonedependabletolookafterthechildrenwhileI'matwork.
24
up-to-the-minute
形容词
非常及时的
Nowwe'regoinglivetoourreporterinWashingtonforup-to-the-minutenewsonthecrisis.
25
sway
及物动词
影响大众
Herspeechfailedtoswayhercolleaguesintosupportingtheplan.
26
informative
形容词
信息量大的
ThebookisextremelyinformativeaboutlifeinRomantimes.
27
entertaining
形容词
娱乐性强的
Hisbooksaren'tparticularlywell-written,butthey'realwaysentertaining.
第二讲:
第一部分:
四步句子速成法
语言从构成上可以分为5个层次:
词汇,短语,句子,段落和文章,其中句子是最重要的一层,因为它是构成完整意思的最小单元,也是我们文章的基石。
四步句子速成法讲解了如何一步一步写出好的英文句子,是一种对英语语法的全新运用方法。
写作步骤
语法内容
第一步写出完整的句子
三大基本概念
第二步写出正确的句子
英语特殊形式
第三步写出漂亮的句子
句式多变方法
第四步写出精彩的句子
特殊句式结构
第一步:
运用三大基本概念写出完整的句子
三大基本概念:
单词词性,句子成分以及句子结构。
第二步:
熟悉英语特殊形式写出正确的句子
动词变化:
时态,语态,第三人称单数
名词变化:
单复数
第三步:
掌握句式多变方法写出漂亮的句子
句式多变方法:
非谓语动词,三大类从句,情态动词
1.非谓语动词
1)不定式
2)动名词
3)现在分词
4)过去分词
2.三大从句:
1)名词性从句(主,宾,表,同)
2)形容词性从句(定语从句)
3)副词性从句(状语从句)
3.情态动词
情态动词是给出有关能力,可能性或必要性的助动词,后面跟不带to的不定式,其形式不改变。
第四步:
了解特殊句式结构写出精彩的句子
特殊句式结构:
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- 关 键 词:
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