届一轮复习译林版必修五Unit 3Science and nature单元学案15页word解析版.docx
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届一轮复习译林版必修五Unit 3Science and nature单元学案15页word解析版.docx
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届一轮复习译林版必修五Unit3Scienceandnature单元学案15页word解析版
2019届一轮复习译林版必修五Unit3Scienceandnature单元学案
单元基础回扣练
(一)单句语法填空
1.Thestudentsarelookingforwardtohavinganopportunityto_explore(explore)societyforreallifeexperience.
2.Themajority(major)ofworkersfinditquitehardtoliveontheamountofmoneytheyearn.
3.Myfriendisleaving.Iwilldoherafavouranddrivehertotheairport.
4.Someeconomistsshowedtheiranxiety(anxious)tothepresentunemployment.
5.Compared(compare)withherachievements,hershortcomingsare,afterall,onlysecondary.
(二)单句改错
1.Inoneword,everyoneinourgroupdoeswellintheactivity.Inaconsequence,weareelectedasthemodelgroupthisterm.去掉a或a前的In→As
2.Don'tsettheoldworkertheheavytask.Foronethinghe'sold;forotherthinghe'sinpoorhealth.other→another
3.Nooneputforwardanythingbetterthantheplannowundertheconsideration.去掉第二个the
4.Thenumberofstudentsinourclassismorethan70andthemajorityofthemisfromthecountryside.第二个is→are
5.It'sverykindofyoutodoafavourtomebylettingmegetoutoftrouble.第二个to→for
(三)完成句子
1.Hehasbeenadmittedto/intoBeijingUniversity.Inmyview,he_is_more_diligent_than_wise.
他被北京大学录取了。
我认为,与其说他聪明倒不如说他勤奋。
2.Thegovernmentintendstopush_ahead_withitsreformplan.
政府打算推进其改革计划。
3.Even_thoughwehavesometroublerightnow,Ithinkthefinalresultwillbe_in_our_favour.
即使现在还有些问题,我想最后结果还是会对我们有利的。
4.Taking_other_visitors_into_consideration,_youshouldswitchoffyourmobilephonesinthecastle.
考虑到其他游客,在城堡内要关闭手机。
5.Nothing_is_more_important_than_readingforstudentsatschool.
对于在校生而言,没有什么比读书更重要的。
(四)单项填空
1.Youarereallyverykind.I'llneverforgetthe________youhavedonetome.
A.favourB.deedC.helpD.good
答案 A [本题主要是对词义及搭配的考查。
favor的意思是“恩惠,善意的行为”。
dosbafavor或doafavorforsb的意思是“帮某人一个忙”,因此本题的正确答案选A。
]
2.Allschoolsinourprovince________newEnglishtextbookstoimprovestudents’listening,speaking,readingandwritingabilitiesthreeyearsago.
A.adopted B.admired
C.admittedD.afforded
答案 A [考查动词。
句意:
三年前我省的所有学校都采用新英语教材来提高学生的听说读写能力。
adopt采用,采取;admire钦佩,称赞;adm
it承认;afford提供,买得起。
由句意可知选A。
]
3.—WhatdidyouthinkoftheconcertgivenbythefamousHongKongsinger?
—Notsogood.Infact,it________tobeagreatdisappointment.
A.turnedupB.turnedin
C.turneddownD.turnedout
答案 D [turnup意为“出现,露面”;turnin意为“上交”;turndown意为“拒绝,把声音关小”;turnout意为“结果是,证明是”。
根据题意选D。
]
4.________bymanywellknownexpertsandfilmstars,theproductwasverypopularatonetime.
A.ToadvocateB.Havingadvocated
C.AdvocatingD.Advocated
答案 D [考查非谓语动词的用法。
该题句意为“被很多知名专家和电影明星推崇,这个产品一度非常流行”。
A项动词不定式常表目的,并且是主动形式,故排除;B、C两项均为现在分词表主动,故排除。
故答案为D。
]
5.—Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourselves?
—Yes,thereisonepoint________wemustinsiston.
A.whyB.whereC.howD.不填
答案 D [point在定语从句中作insiston的宾语,关系词可以省略,所以D项正确,不要错选A。
]
6.Iwouldlikeajobwhichpaysmore,but________IenjoytheworkI'mdoingatthe
moment.
A.inotherwordsB.ontheotherhand
C.foronethingD.asamatteroffact
答案 B [A项意思是“换句话说”;B项意思是“另一方面”;C项的意思是“一方面”;D项的意思是“事实上”。
根据题意,B项正确。
]
7.Overyears,scientistshavemadeagreat________inthetreatmentofcancer.
A.breakinB.breakthrough
C.breakupD.breakdown
答案 B [考查单词意思辨析。
A项“非法进入,闯入”;B项“突破”;C项“破裂”;D项“失败,损坏”。
根据句意“在过去的几年里,科学家在癌症的治疗上已经取得了重大突破”。
故答案为B。
]
8.Mysisterwasagainstmysuggestionwhilemybrotherwas________it.
A.infavourofB.inmemoryof
C.inhonourofD.insearchof
答案 A [infavourof意为“赞成,同意”;inmemoryof意为“纪念”;inhonourof意为“向……表示敬意”;insearchof意为“寻找”。
从wasagainst(反对)判断空格处要填infavourof表示对比。
]
9.Allthemoneyhehadwas________,sohehadtomakealivingbybegging.
A.usedupB.takenup
C.stayedupD.broughtup
答案 A [A项意思是“用完,用光”;B项意思是“占据,从事”;C项意思是“熬夜,挺立”;D项的意思是“抚养,培养”。
根据题意选A。
句意“他所有的钱都用光了,所以他只好靠乞讨为生”。
]
10.—DidyoutakepartinMary'sbirthdaypartylastFriday?
—Ihad________to,butoneofmyclassmatescalledonme.
A.admittedB.intended
C.agreedD.promised
答案 B [intend打算,用于过去完成时,意为“本来计划/打算(做某事)”,符合句意。
admit接受,录取,承认;agree同意,赞成;promise许诺,保证。
答句句意“我本来打算去参加玛丽的生日聚会,但是我的一个同学来看我了”。
]
11.OnApril25th,2007,thousandsofRussianswenttosayfarewelltoBoris
Yeltsin—thecountry'sfirstpopularly________leader.
A.electingB.electedC.toelectD.elect
答案 B [elect与被修饰的名词leader之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词作定语。
]
12.—Shallwehaveatalkwithherandtrytopersuadehernottoseeamovietonight?
—Thereisno________talkingtoher.Sheneverlistens.
A.goodB.valueC.pointD.worth
答案 C [本题考查固定句型Thereisno________(in)doingsth的用法。
good只适用于It'snogood(in)doingsth句型。
]
13.Thecarburnedmorefuel,buttakingallthingsinto______,itisstillagoodcar.
A.expectationB.consideration
C.solutionD.inspection
答案 B [句意:
这辆小汽车很耗油,但综合考虑的话,仍然是一辆不错的车。
take...intoconsideration仔细考虑,把……考虑在内,故选B。
expectation期望;solution解决(方法);inspection检查。
]
14.Jackislateagain.Itis________ofhimtokeepotherswaiting.
A.normalB.ordinaryC.commonD.typical
答案 D [句意“杰克又迟到了,他这人就是爱让人等”。
typical(品质、性格等方面)特有的,独特的;normal正常的;ordinary普通的,平凡的;common共同的。
]
15.Thetrees________inthestormhavebeenmovedofftheroad.
A.beingblowndownB.blowndown
C.blowingdownD.toblowdown
答案 B [句意“在暴风雨中被刮倒的树被拖离道路”。
因trees和blowdown为动宾关系,所以排除C、D两项,且“已被拖离”表示此动作已完成,故可排除A项,B项为过去分词短语表示被动、完成。
]
单元知识综合运用
阅读理解
A
Oneofthemostdebatedissuesaboutalcoholconsumptionhasbeentheconsistentfindingthatthosewhodon'tdrinktendtodiesoonerthanthosewhodo.ThestandardAlcoholicsAnonymousexplanationforthisfindingisthis:
manyofthosewhogiveupalcoholareactuallyformerhardcoredrunkswhohadalreadybroughthealthproblemsassociatedwithdrinking.
Butanewpapersuggeststhatabstaining(戒除)fromalcoholdoestendtoincreaseone'sriskofdying,evenwhenyouleaveformerproblemdrinkersout.Themostshockingpart—abstainers'(禁酒者)mortalityrates(死亡率)arehigherthanthoseofheavydrinkers.
Moderate(适度的)drinking,whichisdefinedasonetothreedrinksperday,isassociatedwiththelowestmortalityrates.Moderatealcoholuseisthoughttoimprovehearthealth,circulationandsociability,whichcanbeimportantbecausepeoplewhoarecutoffdon'thaveasmanyfamilymembersandfriendswhocannoticeandhelptreathealthproblems.
Butwhywouldabstainingfromalcoholleadtoashorterlife?
It'struethatthosewhoabstainfromalcoholtendtobefromlowersocioeconomicclasses,sincedrinkingcanbeexpensive.Andpeopleoflowersocioeconomicstatushavemorelifestressors(压力因素).
Thoughheavydrinkingisassociatedwithhigherriskformanydiseases,heavy_drinkers_are_less_likely_to_die_than_don't_drink.Oneimportantreasonisthatalcoholstrengthenssocialinteractions,andsocialinteractionsarevitalformaintainingmentalandphysicalhealth.Nondrinkersshowgreatersignsofdepression.
Theauthorsofthenewpaperarecarefultonotethatevenifdrinkingisassociatedwithalongerlife,itcanbedangerous:
itcanaffectyourmemoryseverelyanditcanleadtofallsandothertroublesthatcanaffectyourlife.There'salsothedependencyissue:
ifyoubecomeaddictedtoalcohol,youmayspendalongtimetryingtogetoffthebottle.
16.WhatcanweknowfromtheAlcoholicsAnonymousexplanationandthenewpaper?
A.Theformerfindsthatabstainerscanlivelongerthanheavydrinkers.
B.Theformerfindsthatnondrinkerscanlivelongerthanheavydrinkers.
C.Thelatterfindsthathealthyabstainerscanliveshorterthanheavydrinkers.
D.Thelatterfindsthatnondrinkerscanliveshorterthanheavydrinkers.
答案 C [细节推理题。
由文章第二段的第一句话“即使不算那些之前喝酒后来戒酒的人,不喝酒也确实会导致死亡率升高”可知,C项正确。
]
17.Whichofthefollowingisthebenefitofmoderatedrinking?
A.Ithelpsbloodcirculation.
B.Ithelpsremovepeople'slifestressors.
C.Itreducespeople'sassociationwithfriends.
D.Itcansavealotofmoney.
答案 A [细节理解题。
根据文章第三段第二句中的“improvehearthealth,circulationandsociability”可知,A项正确。
]
18.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentence(inPara.5)mean?
A.Heavydrinkerscanlivelongeriftheygiveupdrinking.
B.Heavydrinkerscanlivelongereveniftheydon'tgiveupdrinking.
C.Themortalityrateofheavydrinkersisloweriftheydon'tgiveupdrinking.
D.Themortalityrateofheavydrinkerswillbeloweriftheygiveupdrinking.
答案 C [句意理解题。
该句前面说“尽管重度酗酒者犯很多病的几率很大”,该句接下来的两句是对画线句子的解释,“最重要的原因是饮酒可以加强社交联系,这有助于人们的身心健康。
因此不喝酒的人更易抑郁。
”由此可推断本句的意思是“重度饮酒者不戒酒时死亡率低。
”故选C。
]
19.Itcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraphthat________.
A.theauthorsofthenewpapersupportdrinking
B.peopleshouldstartdrinkingifwantingtolivelonger
C.manypeopledoubtwhetherdrinkingisgoodforhealthornot
D.drinkingcandoharmtopeople'slife
答案 D [推理判断题。
文章最后一段提到尽管喝酒能够让人长寿,但是喝酒也会给人带来一些危害,“itcanbedangerous”是中心词,因此D项正确。
]
B
In2006,PaulLetourneauofWorcester,Mass,losthisparents,hishomeandhispetdog.AndthatAugust,hislifelongmilddepressiontookaturnfortheworseashebecamesuicidal(有自杀倾向的).
“IsaidIdidn'twanttobealiveanymore,”Letourneau,67,recalledtellinghisbestfriend.
HeandhisfriendhadgoneforawalkwhenLetourneaustoppedandaskedhisfriendaboutwaystodiepainlessly.Hisfriendadvisedhimtoadmithimselftoahospital.
“WhenIwentbackhome,physically,Iwasshakingsomuch-andemotionally,Icouldn'tstop,”Letourneausaid,“IknewIhadtogethelp.”
Formanymen,ittakesalotmorethanfeelingdowntorecognizethattheyaredepressedandthenstepthroughthedoorsofahospital,orafriend'sorrelative'shometoaskforhelp.Menwhoaredepressedusuallyrefusetogetappropriatetreatment,depressionexpertsandpatientssay.
“Whenmengetdepressed,thedepressioncanbequitesevere,”saidDr.lanCook,professorofpsychiatryattheGeffenSchoolofMedicineatUCLA.“T
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