高考复习语法系列状语从句及练习.docx
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高考复习语法系列状语从句及练习.docx
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高考复习语法系列状语从句及练习
语法专题之状语从句
分为:
时间、条件、让步、原因、目的、结果、比较、地点、方式9种。
一、时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的连词有:
when,as,while,until,not…until,before,after,since,theminute,themoment,each(every,next,thefirst)time等。
时间状语从句中一般用一般现在时或一般过去时。
1.when,while,as都可解释为“当```的时候”但侧重点有所不同。
1)WhenEg:
WhenIarrivedhome,Ihadalittlerest.
注意:
when从句的主语与主句主语相同,谓语动词是be动词时,从句主语和be可以省略。
Eg:
When(shewas)walkingalongthestreet,shemetherclassteacher.
2)As
As除了表示“当```的时候”,还可表示为“一面```一面”,“随着”
Eg:
Hesangashedanced.(一面```一面)
Youwillgrowwiserasyougrowolder.(随着)
3)While表示“当```的时候”强调主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生,从句一般用进行时,从句动词必须是延续性动词。
Eg:
Whilewewereworking,theywerehavingarest.
While(theywere)havingadiscussion,theygotveryconfused.
注意:
while还有“然而”的意思。
Ipreferblacktea,whilehelikescoffee.
2.until,not…until“直到```才”,在肯定句中主句常用延续性动词;在否定句中主句常用短暂性动词。
肯定句:
Iwaiteduntilmidnight.否定句:
Ididnotleaveuntilmidnight.
注意:
1)notuntil…在句首,主句用倒装
eg:
NotuntilyouhadexplainedhowdidImanagetodoit.
2)Itisnotuntil…that…引导的强调句
Itwasnotuntilitwasdarkthathecameback.
3.theminute,themoment,eachtime表示“一```就```”
eg:
Theworkerrecognizedthetypeofthemachinethemomenthesawit.
4.hardly/scarcely…when,nosooner…than,assoonas表示为“一```就```”
eg:
Ihadhardly/scarcelygothomewhenitbegantorain.
Ihadnosoonergothomethanitbegantorain.
ItbegantorainassoonasIgothome.
注意:
hardly/scarcely…when,nosooner…than位于句首,主句用倒装
eg:
HadIhardly/scarcelygothomewhenitbegantorain.
NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.
5.Bythetime+状从(过去时),主句(过去完成时)
Bythetime+状从(现在时),主句(将来完成时)
Bythetimeshecameback,alltheguesthadleft.
Bythetimetheclassisover,wewillhavefinishedlearningthewholepassage.
练习题
1.Itwasquiet________thosebigtrucksstartedcomingthroughthetown.
A.beforeB.afterC.untilD.unless
2.Itseemedonlyseconds________theboyfinishedwashinghisface.
A.whenB.beforeC.afterD.evenif
3.Hardlyhadhereachedtheschoolgate________thebellrang.
A.whileB.whenC.asD.assoonas
4.Weweretoldthatweshouldfollowthemainroad_____wereachedthecentralrailwaystation.
A.whenever B.until C.while D.wherever
5.Irecognizedyou________Isawyouattheairport.
A.themomentB.whileC.afterD.once
6.Hewasabouttogotobed________thedoorbellrang.
A.whileB.asC.beforeD.when
7.________Ilistentoyouradvice,Igetintotrouble.
A.EverytimeB.WhenC.WhileD.Until
8._____JohnwaswatchingTV,hiswifewascooking.
A.AsB.AssoonasC.WhileD.Till
9.Thechildrenranawayfromtheorchard(果园)______theysawtheguard.
A.themomentB.afterC.beforeD.as
10.NosoonerhadIarrivedhome_____itbegantorain.
A.whenB.whileC.asD.than
二.条件状语从句
1.概念:
条件状语从句,即在某种条件下,一件事情可能发生。
2.条件状语从句的引导词
1).IfIfyouaskhim,hewillhelpyou.
2).unless(if...not...)Unlessitrains,thegamewillbeplayed.
3).so/aslongasYoumayborrowmybookaslongasyoukeepitclean.
3.关于条件句的时态,常见的有以下三种情况:
1、主将从现:
WhenIgrowup,I’llbeanurseandlookafterpatients.
2、如果主句是祈使句,那么从句通常要用一般现在时。
(主祈从现)
Ifyouwanttohaveachat,callmeup.
3、如果主句是含有情态动词时,根据需要从句多用一般现在时。
(主情从现)
Youshouldbequietwhenyouareinthereadingroom.
练习题
1.Ifyou_____totheparty,you’llhaveagreattime.
A.willgo B.went C.go D.going
2.Itwillbealongtime____Peter_____hiswork.
A.since,hasfinished B.after,finishes C.when,willfinish D.before,finishes.
3.Whatwillfatherbringus,______hecomesfromChina.
A.if B.when C.aslongas D.untill
4.IfWangFang____________me,_________meatonce.
A.need,tellB.needs,tellingC.need,tellingD.needs,tell
5.I____hertheanswerifshe____me.
A.cantell,willask B.willtell,willask C.wouldtell,ask D.willtell,asks
6.–Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?
--We’llgotothelibrarytomorrowifit___.
A.isn’train B.rain C.won’train D.doesn’train
7.—Doyouknowwhenhewillcomebacktomorrow?
--Sorry,Idon’tknow.Whenhe____back,I’lltellyou.
A.comes B.willcome C.come D.maycome
8.Whatwillyoudoifyou_____totheoldfolk’shomevisit?
A.go B.went C.going D.willgo
9.___________Ieatmuchfood,I’llbeveryfat.
A.Although B.if C.while D.because
10.I’llnotgivethebooktohim________hewillcomeherenextSunday.
A.if B.aslongas C.though D.unless
三.让步状语从句
1.概念:
一般翻译为“尽管……即使……”就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说……”的感觉。
2.引导让步状语从句的连词有:
though,although,evenif/though,however,nomatterhow,nomatterwhat,nomatterwho等。
(1)though,although表示“虽然,纵然”之意。
这两个连词意思大致相同,在一般情况下可以互换使用,都可与yet,still或nevertheless连用,但不能与but连用。
Although/Thoughhewaswornout,(still)hekeptonworking.
Although/Thoughheisveryold,(yet)heisquitestrong.
注意:
though引导的让步状语从句还可位于主句主句之后。
Shepassedtheexaminationthoughshehadnotstudiedveryhard.
(2)as表示“虽然……但是”,“纵使……”之意。
as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现,though间或也用于这样的结构中,但although不可以这样用。
Objectas/thoughyoumay,I’llgo.
(=Though/Althoughyoumayobject,I’llgo.)
Childas/thoughhewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.(=Thoughhewasachild,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.)
(3)evenif,eventhough表示“即使……”,“纵使……”之意。
意思基本相同,常可互换使用,但意义有细微差别。
evenif引导的让步从句含有强烈的假定性,
eventhough引导让步状语从句时,是以从句的内容为先决条件的。
We’llmakeatripevenif/thoughtheweatherisbad.
Evenifheispoor,sheloveshim.(=Hemaybepoor,yetsheloveshim.)
Eventhoughheispoor,sheloveshim.(=Heispoor,yetsheloveshim.)
(4)whether...or...表示“不论是否……”,“不管是……还是……”之意。
You'llhavetoattendtheceremonywhetheryou'refreeorbusy.
Whetheryoubelieveitornot,it'strue.
(5)“nomatter+疑问词”或“疑问词-ever”为“……都……;不管……都……”,
Nomatterwhathappened,hewouldnotmind.(=Whateverhappened,hewould
notmind.)
Nomatterwhoyouare,youmustkeepthelaw.(=Whoeveryouare,youmust
keepthelaw.
注意:
“nomatter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句,而“疑问词-ever”还可以引导
名词性从句。
Whatever(=Nomatterwhat)yousay,Iwon’tbelieveyou.
I'lleatwhatever(≠nomatterwhat)yougiveme.
练习题
1Thelawyerseldomwearsanythingotherthanasuit____theseason.
AwhateverBwhereverCwheneverDhowever
2Manyofthemturnedadeafeartohisadvice,____theyknewittobevaluable.
AasifBnowthatCeventhoughDsothat
3____Ireallydon'tlikeart,Ifindhisworkimpressive.
AAsBSinceCIf DWhile
4____hehaslimitedtechnicalknowledge,theoldworkerhasalotofexperience.
ASinceBUnlessCAsDAlthough
5____Ihavesomesympathyforthem,Idon'tthinktheyarerighttodoso.
AAsBIfCWhileDWhen
6____theCustomsOffice,hewillhavetodeclarethissortofthingshecarrieswithhimtotheCustomsOfficer.
ANomatterwhowillcomethroughBwhocomethrough
CNomatterwhomcomesthroughDWhoevercomesthrough
7Whatatightvolleyballgame!
Welostit____wealltriedourbest.
AbecauseBthoughCuntilDunless
8Thisisaveryinterestingbook.I'llbuyit,____.
AhowmuchmayitcostBnomatterhowitmaycost
ChowevermuchitmaycostDhowmayitcost
9Allpeople,____theyareoldoryoung,richorpoor,havebeentryingtheirbesttohelpthoseinneedsincethedisaster.
AevenifBwhetherCnomatterDhowever
10Allowchildrenthespacetovoicetheiropinions,____theyaredifferentfromyourown.
AuntilBevenifCunlessDasthough
四.原因状语从句
引导原因状语从句的连词有:
because,since,as,nowthat,consideringthat,forthereasonthat,duetothefactthat,owingtothefactthat等
1.because
引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之后,because表示直接原因,语气最强,通常用于回答why引导的疑问句。
IdoitbecauseIlikeit.
2.since,asseeing(that),now(that),considering(that),inthat
表示“既然,由于”。
As/Sinceyouarenotverywell,youhadbetterhavearest.
Seeing(that)herefusedtohelpus,there’snoreasonthatweshouldnowhelphim.
Now(that)youaregrownup,youshouldnotrelyonyourparents.
3.For表示原因关系,对前面内容的推断或猜测。
Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswetnow.
练习题
1.____you’vegotachance,youmightaswellmakefulluseofit.
A.NowthatB.AfterC.AlthoughD.Assoonas
2.Hefounditincreasinglydifficulttoread,____hiseyesightwasbeginningtofail.
A.andB.ForC.ButD.or
3.Amancannotsmilelikeachild,____achildsmileswithhiseyes,whileamansmileswithhislipsalone.
A.SoB.ButC.andD.for
4.Ididn’tgoIwasafraid.
A.SinceB.ForC.BecauseD.Though
5.itwasraining,westayedathome.
A.because,soB.because,/C.because,forD.if,so
6.Isaidnothingaboutithiswifewasthere.
A.sinceB.sothatC.becauseD.unless
7.theweatherissobad,wehavetodelayourjourney.
A.beforeB.sinceC.tillD.After
8.itisraining,you’dbettertakeataxi.
A.beforeB.asC.tillD.after
9.Youshouldn’tgetangryjustsomepeoplespeakillofyou.
A.sinceB.sothatC.becauseD.unless
10.youarehere,you’dbetterstay.
A.beforeB.NowthatC.tillD.after
B.
五目的状语从句
1.概念:
从句部分是用以补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的目的。
2.引导目的状语从句常用的连词有:
sothat,inorderthat,lest,incase,forfearthat等。
3.目的状语从句的谓语常含有may,might,can,could,should,would等情态动词。
Youmustspeakloudersothat/inorderthatyoucanbeheardbyall.
Hewrotethenamedownforfearthatheshouldforgetit.
Bettertakemoreclothesincasetheweatheriscold.
六结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的连词有:
sothat,so…that,such…that等
Heissoyoungthathecannotgotoschool.
Heissuchayoungboythathecannotgotoschool.
区别:
1.so...that和such…that的区别
so是副词,常常用来修饰形容词或副词,such修饰名词
Theboyransof
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