湖南省张家界市高考英语阅读理解和信息匹配一轮自练5.docx
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湖南省张家界市高考英语阅读理解和信息匹配一轮自练5.docx
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湖南省张家界市高考英语阅读理解和信息匹配一轮自练5
湖南省张家界市2016高考英语阅读理解和信息匹配一轮自练(5)
阅读理解。
阅读下列四篇短文,从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Thinkaboutthedifferentwaysthatpeopleusethewind.Youcanuseittoflyakiteortosailaboat.Windisoneofourcleanestandrichestpowersources(来源),aswellasoneoftheoldest.Evidenceshowsthatwindmills(风车)begantobeusedinancientIranbackintheseventhcenturyBC.Theywerefi
rstintroducedtoEuropeduringthe1100s,whenarmiesreturnedfromtheMiddleEastwithknowledgeofusingwindpower.
Formanycenturies,peopleusedwindmillstogrind(磨碎)wheatintoflourorpumpwaterfromdeepundergroundwhenelectricitywasdiscoveredinthelate1800s,peoplelivinginremoteareasbegantousethemtoproduceelectricity.Thisallowedthemtohaveelectriclightsandradio.However,bythe1940swhenelectricitywasavailabletopeopleinalmostallareasoftheUnitedStates,windmillswererarelyused.
Duringthe1970s,peoplestartedbecomingconcernedaboutthepollutionthatiscreatedwhencoalandgasareburnedtoproduceelectricity.Peoplealsorealizedthatthesupplyofcoalandgaswouldnotlastforever.Then,windwasrediscovered,thoughitmeanshighercosts.Today,thereisaglobalmovementtosupplymoreandmoreofourelectricitythroughtheuseofwind.
风能早在公元前七世纪就开始被人们用风车所利用,当人们发明了电以后,风能被用来发电,但随着电的广泛使用,风车逐渐不被人们使用了。
而进入二十世纪七十年代后,人们又逐渐认识到了风能的优势。
1.Fromthetextweknowthatwindmills________.
A.wereinventedbyEuropeanarmies
B.haveahistoryofmorethan2,800years
C.usedtosupplypowertoradioinremoteareas
D.haverarelybeenusedsinceelectricitywasdiscovered
答案:
C。
细节理解题。
由第一段最后两句话可知风车首先是在古代伊朗被使用,故排除A项;公元前七世纪到现在应是不足2800年,故排除B项;由第二段当中的第二、三句话可以排除D项,同时也能知道C项是正确的。
2.Whatwasanewuseforwindpowerinthelatel9thcentury?
A.Sailingaboat.B.Producingelectricity.
C.Grindingwheatintof
lour.D.Pumpingwaterfromunderground.
答案:
B。
细节理解题。
由文章第二段中的第二句话可知“在十九世纪末期人们发现了电以后,住在偏远地区的人们开始用风车发电”。
3.Oneofthereasonswindwasrediscoveredinthe1970sisthat________.
A.windpoweriscleaner
B.itisoneoftheoldestpowersources
C.itwascheapertocreateenergyfromwind
D.thesupplyofcoalandgasfailedtomeetneeds
答案:
A。
主旨大意题。
由文章最后一段可知。
4.Whatwouldtheauthorprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollows?
A.Theadvantagesofwindpower.
B.Thedesignofwindpowerplants.
C.Theworldwidemovementtosaveenergy.
D.Theglobaltrendtow
ardsproducingpowerfromwind.
答案:
D。
推理判断题。
文章最后一句话“如今,出现了一个全球化的运动,要通过风能的利用来提供越来越多的电力”,表明作者会就这个话题继续展开。
阅读理解。
AGermanstudysuggeststhatpeoplewhoweretoooptimisticabouttheirfutureactuallyfacedgreaterriskofdisabilityordeathwithin10yearsthanthosepessimistswhoexpectedtheirfuturetobeworse.
Thepaper,publishedthisMarchinPsychologyandAging,examinedhealthandwelfaresurveysfromroughly40,000Germansbetweenages18and96.Thesurveyswereconductedeveryyearfrom1993to2003.
Surveyrespondents(受访者)wereaskedtoestimatetheirpresentandfuturelifesatisfactiononascaleof0to10,amongotherquestions.
Theresearchersfoundthatyoungadults(age18to39)routinelyoverestimatedtheirfuturelifesatisfaction,whilemiddle-agedadults(age40to64)moreaccuratelypredictedhowtheywouldfeelinthefuture.Adultsof65andolder,however,werefarmorelikelytounderestimatetheirfuturelifesatisfaction.Notonlydidtheyfeelmoresatisfiedthantheythoughttheywould,theolderpessimistsseemedtosufferalowerratio(比率)ofdisabilityanddeathforthestudyperiod.
“Weobservedthatbeingtoooptimisticinpredictingabetterfuturethanactuallyobservedwasassociatedwithagreaterriskofdisabilityandagreaterriskofdeathwithinthefollowingdecade,”wroteFriederR.Lang,aprofessorattheUniversityofErlangen-Nuremberg.
Langandhiscolleaguesbelievedthatpeoplewhowerepessimisticabouttheirfuturemaybemorecarefulabouttheiractionsthanpeoplewhoexpectedarosyfuture.
“Seeingadarkfuturemayencouragepositiveevaluationsoftheactualselfandmaycontributetotakingimprovedprecautions(预防措施),”theauthorswrote.
Surprisingly,comparedwiththoseinpoorhealthorwhohadlowincomes,respondentswhoenjoyedgoodhealthorincomewereassociatedwithexpectingagreaterdecline.Also,theresearcherssaidthathigherincomewasrelatedtoagreaterriskofdisability.
Theauthorsofthestudynotedthattherewerelimitationstotheirconclusions.Illness,medicaltreatmentandpersonallosscouldalsohavedrivenhealthoutcomes.
However,theresearcherssaidapatternwasclear.“Wefoundthatfromearlytolateadulthood,individualsadapttheirexpectationsoffuturelifesatisfactionfromoptimistic,toaccurate,topessimistic,”theauthorsconcluded.
67.Accordingtothestudy,whomadethemostaccuratepredictionoftheirfuturelifesatisfaction?
A.Optimisticadults.
B.Middle-agedadults.
C.Adultsinpoorhealth.
D.Adultsoflowerincome.
68.Pessimismmaybepositiveinsomewaybecauseitcausespeople________.
A.tofullyenjoytheirpresentlife
B.toestimatetheircontributionaccurately
C.totakemeasuresagainstpotentialrisks
D.tovaluehealthmorehighlythanwealth
69.Howdopeopleofhigherincomeseetheirfuture?
A.Theywillearnlessmoney.
B.Theywillbecomepessimistic.
C.Theywillsuffermentalillness.
D.Theywillhavelesstimetoenjoylife.
70.Whatistheclearconclusionofthestudy?
A.Pessimismguaranteeschancesofsurvival.
B.Goodfinancialconditionleadstogoodhealth.
C.Medicaltreatmentdetermineshealthoutcomes.
D.Expectationsoffuturelifesatisfactiondeclinewithage.
【要点综述】本文是一篇议论文,主要讲述对未来过于乐观的人将面对残疾或死亡的巨大危险。
在研究中,研究人员发现,年轻人对未来过于乐观,中年人对未来的预测很准确,而老年人相对低估。
随着年龄的增长,人们对未来的预测越来越现实。
67.B 细节理解题。
根据第四段中的“…whilemiddle-agedadults(age40to64)moreaccuratelypredictedhowtheywouldfeelinthefuture.”知,中年人对未来预测得更准确。
故B正确。
68.C 细节理解题。
根据第六段中的“…peoplewhowerepessimisticabouttheirfuturemaybemorecarefulabouttheiractions…”知,对未来悲观的人可能在行动时更小心、更谨慎。
句中的bemorecarefulabout与takemeasuresagainstpotentialrisks一致。
故C正确。
69.A 细节理解题。
根据第八段中的“…respondentswhoenjoyedgoodhealthorincomewereassociatedwithexpectingagreaterdecline.”知,身体好、收入高的人认为,他们的收入在未来将会下降,即挣的钱少了。
故A正确。
70.D 推理判断题。
根据最后一段中的内容可知,研究人员认为有一点很清楚:
从少年到成年,每个人都在调整自己对未来生活的满意度,从乐观,到适度到悲观。
故D正确。
阅读理解。
ToomuchTV-watchingcanharmchildren'sabilitytolearnandevenreducetheirchancesofgettingacollegedegree,newstudiessuggestinthelatestefforttoexaminetheeffectsoftelevisiononchildren.Oneofthestudieslookedatnearly400northernCaliforniathird-graders.ThosewithTVsintheirbedroomsscoredabouteightpointsloweronmathandlanguageartsteststhanchildrenwithoutbedroomTVs.Asecondstudy,lookingatnearly1000grown-upsinNewZealand,foundlowereducationlevelsamong26-year–oldswhohadwatchedlotsofTVduringchildhood.Buttheresultsdon'tprovethatTVis
thecauseanddon'trideoutthatalreadypoorlymotivatedyoungsters(年轻人)maywatchlotsofTV.Thei
r
studymeasuredtheTVhabitsof26-year-oldsbetweenages5and15.ThesewithcollegedegreeshadwatchanaverageoflessthantwohoursofTVperweeknightduringchildhood,comparedwithanaverageofmorethan21/2hou
rsforthosewhohadnoed
ucationbeyondhighschool.IntheCaliforniastudy,childrenwithTVsintheirroomsbutnocomputerathomescoredthelowestwhilethosewithnobedroomTVbutwhohadhomecomputersscoredthehighest.Whilethisstudydoesnotprovethatbedroom
TVsetscausedthelowerscores,itaddstoaccumulatingfindingsthatchildrenshouldn'thaveTVs
intheirbedrooms.
()1.AccordingtotheCaliforniastudy,thelow-scoringgroupmight_________.
A.havewatchedalot
ofTVB.notbeinterestedtedinmath
C.beunabletogotocollegeD.havehadcomputersintheirbedrooms
()2.Whatistheresearchers'understandingoftheNewZealandstudyresults?
A.Poorlymotivated26-year-oldswatchmoreTV.
B.HabitsofTVwatchingreducelearninginterest.
C.TVwatchingleadstolowereducationlevelsofthe15-year-olds.
D.TheconnectionbetweenTVandeducationlevelsisdifficulttoexplain
()3.Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs?
A.Moretimeshouldbespentoncomputers.
B.ChildrenshouldbeforbiddenfromwatchingTV.
C.'IVsetsshouldn'tbeallowedinchildren'sbedrooms.
D.Furtherstudiesonhigh-achievingstudentsshouldbedone.
()4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthistext?
A.ComputersorTelevision
B.EffectsofTelevisiononChildren
C.StudiesonTVandColl
egeEducation
D.TelevisionandChildren'sLearningHabits
1.A.细节理解题.根据第二段中ThosewithTVsintheirbedroomsscoredabouteightpointsloweronmathandlanguageartsteststhanchildrenwithoutbedroomTVs.可得出答案.
2.D.细节理解题.根据第三段Buttheresultsdon'provethatTVisthecauseanddon'tridetoutthatalreadypoorlymotivatedyoungsters(年轻人)maywatchlotsofTV.可以确定答案.
3.C.推理判断题.注意最后一段开头的while是"尽管"的意思,所以这两段都是围绕儿童卧室不应该放电视机的问题.
4.B.主旨大意题.通读全文可知,文章主要通过两项研究分析了儿童看电视所造成的影响.文章第一段第一句话是主题句,所以B项作为标题是最佳的.
【四川省凉山州2014第二次诊断性测试】
阅读下面五篇短文,从每题所给的四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Risinglevelsofcarbondioxideintheatmosphereareamajorcauseofclimatechange,and
nowanewstudyhasconfirmedthatatmosphericCO2isalsoaffectingtheoceanchemistryand
potentiallyharmingsealife.
MontanaStateUniversityscientistRobertDorehasbeenresearchingthewaterinthePacific
Oceanforalmosttwodecades."We'vebeengoingtothesamespotinthePacificOcean,andwe
tryandcharacterizelong-termchangeintheopenoceanenvironment.Andoneofthekeythings
thatwemeasureisCOxlevels.AndWe'vebeenabletorecordthisincreasingquant
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