huayufenxidoc.docx
- 文档编号:5970918
- 上传时间:2023-01-02
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:5
- 大小:19.26KB
huayufenxidoc.docx
《huayufenxidoc.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《huayufenxidoc.docx(5页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
huayufenxidoc
ACOMPARATIVESTUDYOFELLIPSISINENGLISHANDCHINESE
省略在英汉语篇中的对比研究
姓名:
吕先超
院系:
外国语学院
专业:
外国语言学及应用语言学
学号:
1098342
论文摘要:
省略是语篇衔接的重要手段,省略被韩礼德和哈桑叫做零替代,鉴于英汉两种语言的不同,省略在两种语言中的应用也不尽相同,本文讲对英语汉语两种语言的不同特点,来对省略在英汉两种语言中的应用做以对比分析
关键词:
省略;语篇衔接;语言对比
Abstract:
Ellipsisisrhetoricalwaythatisoftenusedintextualconnection.Itwascalled“substitutionbyzero”byHalliday&Hason.ThereareellipsisinbothEnglishandChinese,butduetothedifferencebetweenthetwolanguagesinnature,therearealsodifferencesinellipsisbetweenthetwolanguages,thispaperisgoingcompareandcontrastthedifferencesintheellipsisinthetwolanguagesbasedonaconstrictivestudyonnominalellipsis,verbalellipsisandclausalellipsis,andexplaintheirdifferences.
Keywords:
ellipsis;Textualconnection;Contrastivelinguisticstudy
Contents
1.Differencesinnominalellipses..........................................................1
1.1Theellipsisofquantifiers.............................................................1
1.2differencesintheellipsisofpossessivepronoun……….….......1
1.3Englishisparadigmaticlanguage..................................................2
2.Differencesinverbalellipsis...............................................................2
2.1Lexicalellipsis..............................................................................2
2.2Operatorellipsis.............................................................................3
3.Differencesinclausalellipsis..............................................................3
4.Linguisticfactorsthataffectellipsisinthetwolanguages...............4
4.1Chineseomitsubjectmore.............................................................4
4.2ComparedwithEnglish,Chineseseldomomitpredicative............5
Conclusion..................................................................................................6
Reference………………………………………………………………....7
Introduction:
Incertaintext,inordertomakelanguagemoreconciseandavoidredundancy,peopletendstoomitpartsoflanguage,thisphenomenaiscalledellipsis.InEnglish,Ellipsis/OmissionisoftenassociatedwithSubstitution;therefore,itisoftenwidelyreferredtozerosubstitution.TheroleEllipsis/Omissionplays:
(A)theyshortenthemessage,and(B)theymaketheconnectionsofmeaningeasiertograsp.EllipsisisverycommontobeseeninbothEnglishandChinesetext.Ellipsismainlyhasfourfunctions:
connection,stressnewinformation,aestheticandenhanceefficiencyincommunication.ThesefunctionsaremuchalikeinbothEnglishandChineselanguages,yettherearealsodifferencesinellipsisbetweenEnglishandChinese.
InEnglish,ellipsisincludesnominalellipsis,verbalellipsisandclausalellipsis(Quirk,1985)。
1.Differencesinnominalellipses
Nominalellipsisreferstotheellipsisofheadorheadpluspartorallmodifiers.(Halliday&Hasan,1989:
147)
1.1.Differencesinellipsesofquantifiers.Forexample,amongallthestudentsinclass1,fivecomefromthesouth.Headstudentsafterfiveareomitted.InChinesewesay,在一班的所有学生中,有五名(学生)来自南方。
Wekeepnotonlymeasureword五,butalsothenumeralword名,butinEnglish,onlymeasurewordfiveiskept。
1.2.Differencesintheellipsisofpossessivepronoun.InChinese,ifthepossessivepronounisobvious,thenitcanbeomitted,forexample,theChinesesentence做完作业,我去看电影了。
WhileinEnglish,possessivepronoundonotalwaysomitted.Forexample,inEnglish,thesentenceabovepeopledonotsay–finishinghomework,Iwenttothecinema.Theysay–afterfinishingmyhomework,Iwenttothecinema.
1.3.Englishisparadigmaticlanguage,inmostcases,headswhichcanbelearntfromimmediatetextsareoftenomitted.WhileinChinese,headsareoftenrepeatedinordertoachievesomeeffectssomefunctionalandrhetoricaleffectssuchasstress,parataxisetc.Therefore,intranslation,weshouldpayspecialattentiontothisdifferencebetweenEnglishandChinese,whenwetranslateEnglishintoChinese,weshouldobservetheomittedparts,atthesametime,andweshouldaddsomesynonymswhenwetranslateEnglishintorelevantChineseparataxissentences.
Forexample,youngpeopledonothesitatetoattemptonethingafteranother,eagertoexperiment,theywelcomenewideas,theyarerestlessandaliveandneversatisfied,andtheyseekperfection.
年轻人总是不停的探索,急于实验,乐于接受新的思想,他们充满活力,永不满足,追求尽善进美。
Foranotherexample,Icaughtaglimpseofthewords,”forhiseducationIdesirehemayconstantlyanddiligentlybekepttolearningoftheFrenchtough:
reading,writingandarithmetic,alsoriding,fencing,anddancing.
我看到这么几句话:
“关于教育,我期望能促使他在法语上不断地刻苦用功,在阅读,写作和算术上有所长进,另外,骑马,击剑,跳舞也不能松懈。
2.Differencesinverbalellipsis
Byverbalellipsiswemeanellipsiswithintheverbalgroup.(Halliday&Hasan,1989:
167)。
Therearetwokindsofverbalellipsis:
lexicalellipsisandoperatorellipsis(auxiliariesandmodelwords).Theyarealsobecalledleftellipsisandrightellipsis
2.1.Lexicalellipsis
2.11.inordertoavoidredundancy,Englishwillonlykeeptheauxiliarywhileomitthelexicalword,whileinChinese,itisnotraretoomitthelexicalverbs,becauseinChinese,verbisthecoreofasentence,iftherelackofverb,thesentencewillmeaningless,therefore,inordertocarrymeaning,atthesametimetoavoidrepetition,inChinese,inmostcases,weusethesynonymsofacertainlexicalverb.
InChinese-Englishtranslation,therepetitionverbalwaysomitintranslation.Forexample,女儿是水做的骨肉,男子是泥做的骨肉。
译为英语便是:
Girlsaremadeofwater,men()ofmud.
Readingmakesafullman,conference()areadyman,andwriting()anexactman.(OnStudies)读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,写作使人精确,inthissentence,itomitsthesamepredicative“makes”。
Jonanbroughtsomecarnations,andCatherine()somesweetpeas.(Halliday&Hasan,1976:
143)。
Lexicalwordbroughtisomitted.
IwillsupportyouasIcan()tohim.Inthissentence,supportisomittedaftercan.我会像支持他一样支持你。
Thepicturewasn’tfinished.Ifithadbeen(finished),Iwouldhavebroughtit.
2.12.inEnglish,lexicalwordandinfinitivemarker“to”afterinfinitivealwaysbeomitted,while,inChinese,thereisnoinfinitive,therefore,inChinesetoEnglishtranslation,therepeatedlexicalwordalwaysbeomitted.Forexample,-doyouliketogoshoppingwithmeonSunday?
–I’dloveto(),butIhavetopickupmyauntfromtheairport.Foranotherexample,-sheisveryfamiliartome.icouldhavemehersomewhere.-howcoudyoupossiblyhave()?
shehasneverbeenoutofFlorida.
2.13.incomparestructure,subjectandpredicativeareallomitted,whileinChinese,onlysubjectcanbeomitted,whilepredicativewillbekept.Forexample,In1966,thenumberofschoolsinthetownincreasedfromeighttosixteen,andin1969,()totwenty-three.inChinesewesay:
1966年这个城市的学校由八所增加到十六所,而1969年,()增加到二十三所。
2.2.Operatorellipsis
-头晕吗?
-有点
-(areyou)dizzy?
-(Iam)justalittlebit(dizzy).
-干完了吗?
-差不多了
-(haveyou)finished?
-Almost(finished).
3.Differencesinclausalellipsis
Clausalellipsisreferstothewholeclauseisomitted.Thisphenomenaisoftenbeseenintheyes/nosentenceandWH-sentence.Forexample,
-Doyouliketohaveacupofcoffeeafterwork?
-yes,Ido(liketohaveacupofcoffeeafterwork)
-Haveyoufinishedyourhomework,John?
-yes.Ihave(finishedmyhomework).
Fromtheaboveexamples,wecanseethatinEnglish,peopledonotomitsubject,butinChinese,wecanomitsubject.
Forexample,doyoulikethegiftIsentyoulastnight?
-yes,Ido.
-喜欢昨晚我送你的礼物吗?
-是的,我喜欢。
/喜欢。
/(我)喜欢。
/(我)喜欢(它)。
4.Linguisticfactorsthataffectellipsisinthetwolanguages
4.1.Chineseomitsubjectmore
ComparedwithEnglish,Chineseistopic-prominentlanguage,soinChinese,subjectcanalwaysbeomittedbasedonasharedknowledgeaboutthesituationalcontexts,whileEnglishisasubject-predicatepivotlanguage,sosubjectinEnglishcannotbeomitted.forexample,
我从北京到徐州,打算跟着父亲奔丧回家。
到徐州见着父亲,看见满院狼藉的东西,又想起祖母,不禁簌簌地流下眼泪。
(朱自清《背影》)
Inthissentence,thereisonlyonesubjectinthisclause,whileintheEnglishversion,weshouldaddsubjecttoeveryclause,ifnot,difficultyinunderstandingwillberise.
IleftBeijingforXuZhoutojoinhim,hasteninghometoattendmygrandma’sfuneral.WhenImethiminXuzhou,thesightofthedisorderlymessinourcourtyardandthethoughtofmygrandmastartedmytearstricklingdownmycheeks.(张培基译)
4.2.ComparedwithEnglish,Chineseseldomomitpredicative.
Chineseisasyntagmaticlanguage,therearecloseconnectionsbetweendifferentpartsoftextinChinese,therefore,Chinesewillomitsubjectwhenthemeaningisnotaffected.WhileEnglishisparadigmaticlanguage,itstressesmoreformanddeduction,stressformmorethanmeaning,structureisrigid,theEnglishstructurereflectstheiranalyticalthinking.Therefore,therearemoreconnectors,prepositionsandadverbsinEnglishthaninChinese.Intranslation,weshouldobservethisdifference,andaddprepositions,adverbs,connectorsappropriatelywhenwedoChinese-Englishtranslation,andverse-versa.
Forexample,
Carlislestreetrunswestwards,acrossagreatblackbridge,downahillandupagain,bylittleshopsandmeetmarkets,pastsingle-storiedhomes,untilsuddenlyitstopsagainstawidegreenlawn.
InChinese,weshouldobserveChinesetopic-pivotcharacter,andchangeconnectorsandadverbsandprepositionsintorelevantlexicalwordstopolishthemeaning.
–卡莱儿大街往西伸展,穿越一座黑色的大桥,爬下山丘又爬上去,经过许多小铺和肉店,又经过一座平房,然后朝着一大片绿色的草地中止了。
Conclusion
DuetothedifferentcharacteristicsofEnglishandChinese,ellipsisusedinthetwolanguagesarequitedifferent,thedifferencesinfluencealotthesecondlanguageacquis
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- huayufenxidoc
![提示](https://static.bdocx.com/images/bang_tan.gif)