高三定语从句 复习总资料 讲解.docx
- 文档编号:5958588
- 上传时间:2023-01-02
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:13
- 大小:25.84KB
高三定语从句 复习总资料 讲解.docx
《高三定语从句 复习总资料 讲解.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《高三定语从句 复习总资料 讲解.docx(13页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
高三定语从句复习总资料讲解
高中定语从句详细讲解
(一)定义及相关术语
1.定语从句:
修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2.先行词:
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3.关系词:
引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有when, where, why等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用:
A、引导定语从句;B、代替先行词;C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
例如:
The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中,who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句,修饰先行词the man, “who”是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词the man,在定语从句中作主语。
(二)关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。
The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。
Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。
That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。
2.whom 指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常 Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。
Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。
注意:
关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替,也可省略。
The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.
3.Which 指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。
Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。
The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。
He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 他喜欢外国作家写的书。
4.That 指人时,相当于who 或whom;指物时,相当于which.。
在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。
The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。
Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning?
我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿?
5.Whose 通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。
I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。
He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。
I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。
注意:
指物时,常用下列结构来代替:
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
The classroom, of which the dooris broken, will soon be repaired.
(三)“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。
Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine (which / that) you asked for.
Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine for which you asked.明天我将把你要的杂志带来。
The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.
The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.
我工作的那家公司的经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。
注意:
1. 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在短语动词的后面。
如:
look for, look after, take care of 等。
This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. (正) 这是我正在找的手表。
This is the watch for which I am looking . (误)
The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. (正) 那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康。
The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy. (误)
2.若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时只可用whom,不可用who, that;关系代词指物时只可用which,不可用that。
关系代词是所有格时用whose。
The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正) 你刚才跟他谈话的那个人是我的邻居。
The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour. (误)
The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (正)我们去加拿大所乘坐的飞机实在很舒服。
The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (误)
3.“介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词。
如:
He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. 他深深地爱着他的父母,他们俩待他都很好。
There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. 我们班总共有40个学生,大多数来自大城市。
词+关系代词引导的定语从句特例
1)......,...of+关系代词。
2)which代替this/that/the
(四)关系副词引导的定语从句
1. when 指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。
The time when we got together finally arrived. 我们团聚的时刻终于到了。
October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded. 1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。
Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents. 你还记得在农村和你祖父母一起生活的那些年吗?
2. where 指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。
Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。
The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 我十年前住的房子已经被拆掉了。
I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised . 我参观了那个饲养了许多奶牛的农场。
3. why 指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。
Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 请告诉我你误机的原因。
注意:
关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。
(五)限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句
关系词的使用上:
A.作宾语时可省略B.可用thatC.可用who 代替whom
非限制性定语从句
关系词的使用上:
A.不可省略B.不用thatC.不可用who 代替whom
The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. 老师告诉我说汤姆是
Last summer I visited the People’s Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held every year. 去年夏天,我参观了人民大会堂,在那儿每年都要举行许多重要会议。
(一)限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句的情况
1.当先行词是everything, anything, nothing (something 除外), all, none, few, little, some等不定代词时,或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。
如:
Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said?
李老师讲的你都记下来了吗?
There is little that I can do for you. 我不能为你干什么。
He stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed. 他呆在图书馆查找所需的资料。
注意:
当先行词指人时,偶尔也可用关系代词who,如:
Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing. 任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。
2.当先行词被序数词修饰时。
如:
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。
3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。
如:
This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
4.当先行词被the very, the only修饰时。
如:
This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 这正是我要买的词典。
注意:
当先行词指人时,偶尔也可用关系代词who。
如:
Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting. 王华是我校唯一出席会议的人。
5.当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。
如:
Who is the man that is standing by the gate?
站在门口的那个人是谁?
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?
哪件T恤衫最合我的身?
6.当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。
如:
They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school 他们谈论着他们所能记起的在校时的人和事。
Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street. 瞧瞧那个沿街走来的人和他的 毛驴。
(二)关系代词as和which 引导的定语从句
as+主语+see\know\expect\imagine\suppose.
asbeseen\known\expected\imagined\supposed.
asoftenhappens.
ashasbeensaidbefore.
asisoftenthecase.
as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句时, 其用法有相同之处,也有不同之处。
具体情况是:
1. as 和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语,代表前面整个句子。
如:
He married her, as / which was natural. 他跟她结婚了,这是很自然的事。
He is honest, as / which we can see. 他很诚实, 这一点我们看得出来。
2. as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后,甚至还可以分割主句。
which 引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。
另外,as 常常有“正如、正像”的含义。
如:
As is known to all, China is a developing country. 众所周知,中国是发展中国家。
He is from the south, as we can know from his accent. 他是南方人,这一点我们从他的口音可以知道。
注意:
当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时,关系词往往只用which。
如:
Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry. 汤姆老是迟到,这使得老师很恼火。
These tables are made of metal, which made them very heavy. 这些桌子是金属的,这使得这些桌子很重。
1. 当先行词受such, the same 修饰时,关系词常用as。
如:
I’ve never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过象他讲的这样的故事。
This is the same dictionary as I lost last week. 这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。
注意:
当先行词受the same 修饰时,偶尔也用 that引导定语从句,但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。
如:
She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. 她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。
She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore. 她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。
Suchas,suchthat的差异
(三).1 以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或that引导,而且通常可以省略。
如:
做状语的情况下,that,inwhich,/都可以
The way (that / in which ) he answered the questions was surprising. 他回答这些问题的方式令人惊奇。
I don’t like the way (that / in which) you laugh at her. 我不喜欢你冲她的样子。
但若theway在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,要只能选用that/which,不能选用inwhich
Idon’tlikethewaythat/whichwillcosttoomuchmoney.
三.2以situation,case,point,business,spot\scene等作为先行词充当状语的时候要用where.
3ausedtorefertoaparticularpointinastory,process,
etc.Myfavoritepartistowardtheendofthebook,wheretheheroinereturnshome.
Thetownhasreachedthesizewheretrafficisaproblem.
Theprojectisatapointwheretheendisinsight.
3busedtorefertoaparticularpartofwhatisbeingdiscussed
That'swhereyou'rewrong.
Wherethetwocandidatesdifferisinhowtoreformhealthcare.
4:
inasituationinwhich
Wemustbeespeciallycarefulwherechildrenareconcerned.
Wheremostpeoplesawaworthlessinvestment,shesawopportunity.
Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.
三.3occasion为先行词时,如果定语从句中缺少状语,则用when引导。
reason为先行词时,如果定语从句中缺少状语,则用why引导,如果缺少主
语\宾语\表语,则用that\which引导。
Occasionsarequiterare______Ihavethetimetospendadaywithmy
kids.(2008山东)
A.whoB.whichC.whyD.when
(四)关系代词与关系副词的选择
用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用(即所担当的成分)。
试比较:
A. I know a place where we can have a picnic. 我知道一个我们可以野炊的地方。
I know a place which / that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. 我知道一个以自然景色优美而闻名的地方。
B. I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together. 我永远忘不了我们一起度假的日子。
I will never forget the days that / which we spent together. 我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。
C. This is the reason why he was dismissed. 这就是他被解雇的原因。
This is the reason that / which he explained to me for his not attending the meeting. 这就是他向我解释的他没有参加会议的原因。
(五)but ,as,than有时也用作关系词引导定语从句。
如:
要辨析suchas,suchthat的差别,thesameas,thesamethat的差异,sogoodastudentaseveryteacherlikes.
选学:
But本身含有否定的意思,that/which/who…not
前面主句通常有否定的词few,little,not,no,hardly
There are very few but admire his talents. 很少有人不赞赏他的才干的。
Thereisnorulesbuthasexception.
Than在定语从句中作关系代词,可充当主语、宾语、表语。
和that作用相近,但含有比较的意味,该类的定语从句的先行词通常要有形容词比较级形式。
Youmakemoremoneythanisintendedtomake.
Newspapersandothermediadomorethansimplyrecordwhathappens.
(六)定语从句与同位语从句的区别
1.定语从句修饰限定先行词,它与先行词是修饰关系;同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容,它与先行词是同位关系。
The plane that has just taken off is for Paris. (定语从句) 刚刚起飞的那架飞机是开往巴黎的。
The fact that he has already died is quite clear. (同位语从句) 他已经去世了,这个事实很明了。
2.定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导,关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分,关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可省略。
同位语从句主要由连词that 引导,在从句中一般不担当成分;有时也由where, when, how, who, whether, what 等连词引导,这些连词则在从句中担当成分。
The question that he raised puzzled all of us. (定语从句) 他提出的问题让我们很为难。
The question whether he is sure to win
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 高三定语从句 复习总资料 讲解 定语 从句 复习 资料