届高考英语总复习五年高考三年联考精品题库阅读理解之人物传记类.docx
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届高考英语总复习五年高考三年联考精品题库阅读理解之人物传记类.docx
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届高考英语总复习五年高考三年联考精品题库阅读理解之人物传记类
人物传记类
第一部分五年高考题荟萃
Passage1
(09·浙江E篇)
FourpeopleinEnglandbackin1953,staredatPhoto51,Itwasn’tmuch—apictureshowingablackX.ButthreeofthesepeoplewontheNobelPrizeforfiguringoutwhatthephotoreallyshowed–theshapeofDNAThediscoverybroughtfameandfortunetoscientistsJamesWatson,FrancisCrick,andMauriceWilkins.Thefourth,theonewhoactuallymadethepicture,wasleftout.
HernamewasRosalindFranklin.”Sheshouldhavebeenupthere,”sayshistorianMaryBowden.”Ifherphotoshadn’tbeenthere,theotherscouldn’thavecomeupwiththestructure.”OnereasonFranklinwasmissingwasthatshehaddiedofcancerfouryearsbeforetheNobeldecision.ButnowscholarsdoubtthatFranklinwasnotonlyrobbedofherlifebydiseasebutrobbedofcreditbyhercompetitors
AtCambridgeUniversityinthe1950s,WatsonandClicktriedtomakemodelsbycuttingupshapesofDNA’spartsandthenputtingthemtogether.Inthemeantime,atKing’sCollegeinLondon,FranklinandWilkinsshoneX-raysatthemolecule(分子).Theraysproducedpatternsreflectiontheshape.
ButWilkinsandFranklin’srelationshipwasalotrockierthanthecelebratedteamworkofWatsonandCrick,WilkinsthoughtFranklinwashiredtobehisassistant.ButthecollegeactuallyemployedhertotakeovertheDNAproject.
WhatshedidwasproduceX-raypicturesthattoldWatsonandCrickthatoneoftheirearlymodelswasinsideout.Andshewasnotshyaboutsayingso.ThatangeredWatson,whoattackedherinreturn,“Mereinspectionsuggestedthatshewouldnoteasilybend.Clearlyshehadtotogoorbeputinherplace.”
AsFranklin’scompetitors,Wilkins,WatsonandCrickhadmuchtogainbycuttingheroutofthelittlegroupofresearchers,sayshistorianPninaAbir-Am.In1962attheNobelPrizeawardingceremony,Wilkinsthanked13colleaguesbynamebeforehementionedFranklin,Watsonwrotehisbooklaughingather.Crickwrotein1974that“Franklinwasonlytwostepsawayfromthesolution.”
No,Franklinwasthesolution.“ShecontributedmorethananyotherplayertosolvingthestructureofDNA.Shemustbeconsideredaco-discoverer,”Abir-Amsays.ThiswasbackedupbyAaronKlug,whoworkedwithFranklinandlaterwonaNobelPrizehimself.Oncedescribedasthe“DarkLadyofDNA”,Franklinisfinallycomingintothelight.
57.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?
A.ThedisagreementsamongDNAresearchers.
B.TheunfairtreatmentofFranklin.
C.TheprocessofdiscoveringDNA.
D.Theracebetweentwoteamsofscientists.
58.WatsonwasangrywithFranklinbecauseshe.
A.tooktheleadinthecompetitionB.keptherresultsfromhim
C.provedsomeofhisfindingswrongD.sharedherdatawithotherscientists
59.WhyisFranklindescribedas“DarkLadyofDNA”?
A.Shedevelopedpicturesindarklabs.
B.ShediscoveredtheblackX-theshapeofDNA.
C.Hernamewasforgottenafterherdeath.
D.Hercontributionwasunknowntothepublic.
60.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardWilkins,WatsonandCrick?
A.Disapproving.B.Respectful.C.Admiring.D.Doubtful.
答案57.B58.C59.D60.A
Passage2
(09·重庆B篇)
HowtoBeaWinner
SirStevenRedgrave
Winnerof5OlympicGoldMedals
“In1997Iwasfoundtohavedevelopeddiabetes(糖尿病).Believingmycareer(职业生涯)wasover,Ifeltextremelylow.ThenoneofthespecialistssaidtherewastonoreasonwhyIshouldstoptrainingandcompeting.Thatwasit-theencouragementIneeded.IcouldstillbeawinnerifIbelievedinmyself.Iamnotsayingthatitisn’tdifficultsometimes.ButIwantedtoprovetomyselfthatIwasn'tfinishedyet.Nothingistostandinmyway.”
KarenPickering
SwimmingWorldChampion
“Iswim4hoursaday,6daysaweek.Imanagethatsortofworkloadbyputtingitontopofmydiary.Thisisthekeytosuccess-youcan’tfollowacareerinanyfieldwithoutbeingwell-organized.Listwhatyoubelieveyoucanachieve.Trustyourself,writedownyourgoalsfortheday,howeversmalltheyare,andyou’llbeastepclosertoachievingthem.”
KirstenBest
Poet&Writer
“Whenthingsaregettinghard,avoiceinsidemyheadtellsmethatIcan’tachievesomething.Then,thereareotherdistractions,suchasfamilyorhobbies.Thekeyistoconcentrate.WhenIfeeltense,ithelpsalottorepeatwordssuchas‘calm’,‘peace’or‘focus’,eitheroutloudorsilentlyinmymind.Itmakesmefeelmoreincontrolandincreasesmyconfidence.Thisisahabitthatcanbecomesecondnaturequiteeasilyandisapowerfulpsychological(心理的)tool”
60.WhatdoesSirStevenRedgravemainlytalkabout?
A.Difficultiesinfluencedhiscareer.
B.Specialistsofferedhimmedicaladvice.
C.Traininghelpedhimdefeathisdisease.
D.Heovercametheshadowofillnesstowin.
61.WhatdoesKarenPickeringputontopofherdiary?
A.Hertrainingschedule.
B.Herdailyhappenings.
C.Herachievements.
D.Hersportscareer.
62.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“distractions”probablyreferto?
A.Waysthathelponetofocus.
B.Wordsthathelponetofeellesstense.
C.Activitiesthatturnone'sattentionaway.
D.Habitsthatmakeithardforonetorelax.
63.Accordingtothepassage,whatdothethreepeoplehaveincommon?
A.Courage.
B.Devotion.
C.Hardwork.
D.Self-confidence.
答案60.D61.A62.C63.D
Passage3
(09·宁夏、海南B篇)
ComputerprogrammerDavidJonesearns$35.000ayeardesigningnewcomputergames.yethecannotfindabankreadytolethimhaveacreditcard(信用卡)Insteadhehasbeentoldtowaitanothertwoyearsuntilheis18.The16-year-oldworksforasmallfirminLiverpoolwheretheproblemofmostyoungpeopleofhisageisfindingajobDavid’sfirmreleases(推出)twonewgamesforthefastgrowingcomputermarketeachmonth
ButDavid’sbiggestheadacheiswhattodowithhismoney.Eventhoughheearnsalothecannotdriveacartakeoutamortgage(抵押贷款),orgetcreditcardsDavidgothisjobwiththeLiverpool-basedcompanyfourmonthsago,ayearafterleavingschoolwithsixO-levelsandworkingforatimeinacomputershop.“IgotthejobbecausethepeoplewhorunthefirmknewIhadalreadywrittensomeprograms”hesaidDavidspendssomeofhismoneyonrecordsandclothesandgiveshismother50poundsaweekButmostofhissparetimeisspentworking.
“Unfortunately,computingwasnotpartofourstudiesatschool“hesaid“ButIhadbeenstudyingitinbooksandmagazinesforfouryearsinmysparetimeIknewwhatIwantedtodoandneverconsideredstayingonatschoolMostpeopleinthisbusinessarefairlyyoung,anyway”Davidadded:
”IwouldliketoearnamillionandIsupposeearlyretirement(退休)isapossibilityYouneverknowwhenthemarketmightdisappear.”
60.InwhatwayisDaviddifferentfrompeopleofhisage?
A.Heoftengoesoutwithfriends
B.Heliveswithhismother
C.Hehasahandsomeincome
D.HegraduatedwithsixO-levels
61.WhatisoneoftheproblemsthatDavidisfacingnow?
A.Heistooyoungtogetacreditcard
B.Hehasnotimetolearndriving
C.Hehasverylittlesparetime
D.Hewillsoonlosehisjob
62.WhywasDavidabletogetthejobinthecompany?
A.Hehaddonewellinallhisexams
B.Hehadwrittensomecomputerprograms
C.Hewasgoodatplayingcomputergames
D.Hehadlearnttousecomputersatschool
63.WhydidDaviddecidetoleaveschoolandstartworking?
A.Hereceivedlotsofjoboffers
B.Hewaseagertohelphismother
C.Helostinterestinschoolstudies
D.Hewantedtoearnhisownliving
答案60.C61.A62.B63.C
Passage4
(09·陕西B篇)
Whenpeoplehearapresidentspeak,theyseldomthinkaboutothershelpingtoshapethepresentation(报告).Today,however,presidentsdependonwriterssuchasJ.TerryEdmondstohelpthemcommunicate(交流)effectively.EdmondsisthefirstAfricanAmericanevertoworkasafull-timespeechwriterforaU.S.president;heissothefirstAfricanAmericantoserveasdirectorofspeechwritingforWhiteHouse.Hisisanall-Americanstoryofsuccess.
EdmondsgrewupinBaltimore,Maryland;hisfatherdroveatruck,andhismotherworkedasawaitress.A.greatreader,Edmondsshowedagiftforwritingathishigh
School,BaltimoreCityCollegeAftergraduatingin1967EdmondswentontoMorganStateUniversity
Edmondsbeganhiscareerinbusiness,withjobsinpublicrelationsandcommunications.Hejoinedtheworldofpoliticsasnewssecretaryforhiscongressman(国会议员)fromBaltimoreDuringBillClinton’spresidency,hewrotespeechesforHealthandHumanServicesSecretaryDonnaShalalaandworkedinanumberofjobintheWhiteHouseandingovernmentaldepartmentsPresidentClintonthenappointed(任命)himtotheofficeofdirectoryofspeechwritingFollowingthe2000electionsEdmondsreturnedtoMorganStateUniversityastheschool’sspecialassistanttothepresidentfor2001-2002
45.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothetext?
A.Edmondsprovedhimselftobegoodatwritingathighschool
B.EdmondsgraduatedfromMorganStateUniversityin1967.
C.Edmondswasthefirstfull-timespeechwriter.
D.EdmondsservedtheWhiteHouseafter2000.
46.Edmondsenteredtheworldofpoliticsfirstas.
A.newssecretaryforaCongressman
B.aspeechwriterforPresidentClinton
C.newssecretaryintheWhiteHouse
D.aspeechwriterforSecretaryDonnaShalala
47.Thetextismostlikelytobefoundinabookabout.
A.popularscienceB.historicalevents
C.successfulpeopleD,Politicalsystems
答案45.A46.A47.C
Passage5
(08·广东C篇)
Napoleon,asacharacterinTolstoy’sWarandPeace,ismorethanoncedescribedashaving“fatlittlehands.”Nordoeshe“sitwellorfirmlyonthehorse.”Heissaidtobe“undersized,”with“shor
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