专题05 阅读理解科普类原卷版.docx
- 文档编号:5948103
- 上传时间:2023-01-02
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:9
- 大小:154.40KB
专题05 阅读理解科普类原卷版.docx
《专题05 阅读理解科普类原卷版.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《专题05 阅读理解科普类原卷版.docx(9页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
专题05阅读理解科普类原卷版
专题05阅读理解(科普类)
【母题来源一】【2019·全国卷I,C】
Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric(生物测量)technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.
ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice(装置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem:
asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(节奏)withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser'stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit'sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.
Italsodoesn'trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen'talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.
Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.
28.Whydotheresearchersdevelopthesmartkeyboard?
A.Toreducepressureonkeys.B.Toimproveaccuracyintyping
C.Toreplacethepasswordsystem.D.Tocutthecostofe-spaceprotection.
29.Whatmakestheinventionofthesmartkeyboardpossible?
A.Computersaremucheasiertooperate.
B.Fingerprintscanningtechniquesdevelopfast.
C.Typingpatternsvaryfrompersontoperson.
D.Datasecuritymeasuresareguaranteed.
30.Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard?
all1osoisgitieocooll.
A.It'llbeenvironment-friendly.B.It'llreachconsumerssoon.
C.It'llbemadeofplastics.D.It'llhelpspeeduptyping.
31.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?
A.Adiary.B.AguidebookC.Anovel.D.Amagazine.
【母题来源二】【2019·全国卷III,D】
Monkeysseemtohaveawaywithnumbers.
AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearlydifferentsymbolsconsistingofnumbersandselectiveletterswith0-25dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward.Theresearchersthentestedhowthemonkeyscombined—oradded—thesymbolstogetthereward.
Here'showHarvardMedicalSchoolscientistMargaretLivingstone,wholedtheteam,describedtheexperiment:
Intheircagesthemonkeyswereprovidedwithtouchscreens.Ononepartofthescreen,asymbolwouldappear,andontheothersidetwosymbolsinsideacirclewereshown.Forexample,thenumber7wouldflashononesideofthescreenandtheotherendwouldhave9and8.Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice;iftheywentforthecircle,theywouldberewardedwiththesumofthenumbers—17inthisexample.
Afterrunninghundredsoftests,theresearchersnotedthatthemonkeyswouldgoforthehighervaluesmorethanhalfthetime,indicatingthattheywereperformingacalculation,notjustmemorizingthevalueofeachcombination.
Whentheteamexaminedtheresultsoftheexperimentmoreclosely,theynoticedthatthemonkeystendedtounderestimate(低估)asumcomparedwithasinglesymbolwhenthetwowerecloseinvalue—sometimeschoosing,forexample,a13overthesumof8and6.Theunderestimationwassystematic:
Whenaddingtwonumbers,themonkeysalwayspaidattentiontothelargerofthetwo,andthenaddedonlyafraction(小部分)ofthesmallernumbertoit.
"Thisindicatesthatthereisacertainwayquantityisrepresentedintheirbrains,"Dr.Livingstonesays.“Butinthisexperimentwhatthey'redoingispayingmoreattentiontothebignumberthanthelittleone.”
32.Whatdidtheresearchersdotothemonkeysbeforetestingthem?
A.Theyfedthem.B.Theynamedthem.
C.Theytrainedthem.D.Theymeasuredthem.
33.Howdidthemonkeysgettheirrewardintheexperiment?
A.Bydrawingacircle.B.Bytouchingascreen.
C.Bywatchingvideos.D.Bymixingtwodrinks.
34.WhatdidLivingstone'steamfindaboutthemonkeys?
A.Theycouldperformbasicaddition.B.Theycouldunderstandsimplewords.
C.Theycouldmemorizenumberseasily.D.Theycouldholdtheirattentionforlong.
35.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?
A.Entertainment.B.Health.C.Education.D.Science.
【母题来源三】【2019·北京卷,C】
Theproblemofrobocallshasgottensobadthatmanypeoplenowrefusetopickupcallsfromnumberstheydon'tknow.Bynextyear,halfofthecallswereceivewillbescams(欺诈).Wearefinallywakinguptotheseverityoftheproblembysupportinganddevelopingagroupoftools,appsandapproachesintendedtopreventscammersfromgettingthrough.Unfortunately,it'stoolittle,toolate.Bythetimethese“solutions"(解决方案)becomewidelyavailable,scammerswillhavemovedontocleverermeans.Inthenearfuture,it'snotjustgoingtobethenumberyouseeonyourscreenthatwillbeindoubt.Soonyouwillalsoquestionwhetherthevoiceyou'rehearingisactuallyreal.
That'sbecausethereareanumberofpowerfulvoicemanipulation(处理)andautomationtechnologiesthatareabouttobecomewidelyavailableforanyonetouse.Atthisyear'sI/OConference,acompanyshowedanewvoicetechnologyabletoproducesuchaconvincinghuman–soundingvoicethatitwasabletospeaktoareceptionistandbookareservationwithoutdetection.
Thesedevelopmentsarelikelytomakeourcurrentproblemswithrobocallsmuchworse.ThereasonthatrobocallsareaheadachehaslesstodowithamountthanprecisionAdecadeofdatabreaches(数据侵入)ofpersonalinformationhasledtoasituationwherescammerscaneasilylearnyourmother'sname,andfarmore.Armedwiththisknowledge.they'reabletocarryoutindividuallytargetedcampaignstocheatpeople.Thismeans.forexample,thatascammercouldcallyoufromwhatlookstobeafamiliarnumberandtalktoyouusingavoicethatsoundsexactlylikeyourbankteller's,rickingyouinto"confirming"youraddress,mother'sname,andcardnumber.Scammersfollowmoney,socompanieswillbetheworsthit.Alotofbusinessisstilldoneoverthephone,andmuchofitisbasedontrustandexistingrelationships.Voicemanipulationtechnologiesmayweakenthatgradually.
Weneedtodealwiththeinsecurenatureofourtelecomnetworks.Phonecarriersandconsumersneedtoworktogethertofindwaysofdeterminingandcommunicatingwhatisreal.Thatmightmeaneitherdevelopingauniformwaytomarkvideosandimages,showingwhenandwhotheyweremadeby.orabandoningphonecallsaltogetherandmovingtowardsdata-basedcommunications—usingappslikeFaceTimeorWhatsApp,whichcanbetiedtoyouridentity.
Credibilityishardtoearnbuteasytolose,andtheproblemisonlygoingtoharderfromhereonout.
38.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesolutionstoproblemofrobecalls?
A.Panicked.B.Confused.C.Embarrassed.D.Disappointed.
39.takingadvantageofthenewtechnologies,scammercan______.
A.aimatvictimspreciselyB.damagedatabaseseasily
C.startcampaignsrapidlyD.spreadinformationwidely
40.Whatdoesthepassageimply?
A.Honestyisthebestpolicy.
B.Technologiescanbedouble-edited.
C.Therearemoresolutionsthanproblems.
D.Credibilityholdsthekeytodevelopment.
41.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A.WheretheProblemofRobocallsIsRooted
B.WhoIstoBlamefortheProblemofRoboealls
C.WhyRobocallsAreAbouttoGetMoreDangerous
D.HowRobocallsAreAffectingtheWorldofTechnology
【命题意图】阅读理解从能力的角度来讲,考查学生运用英语的能力,具体地说,就是通过阅读有关文章提取有用信息的能力。
【考试方向】科普类文章是高考英语的常考题材。
文章中词汇的意思比较单一、稳定、简明,不带感情色彩,具有单一性和准确性的特点。
为了描述一个客观事物,严密地表达自己的观点,作者经常会使用集多种语法现象于一体的长句。
所以,文中出现的句子结构通常较复杂,语法分析较困难。
1.结构严谨,逻辑性强。
科普类文章属于接四类说明文,一般由导语(introduction)、背景(background)、主体(mainbody)和结尾(end)四部分构成,在句首和句尾常出现主题句。
这类文章通常有明确的主题,并且论证主题的事实逻辑结构严谨,层次分明,段落清晰。
2.从词汇角度来看,在科普类文中,词汇的意义比较单一、稳定、简明,不带感情色彩,具有单一性和准确性的特点。
由于科普类文章读者对象是大众,所以语言上力求浅显易懂,用通俗的语言解释某种科学现象和科学道理,但其中有些词汇仍带有很强的术语性的烙印。
但通过上下文解释考生可以推定词义,从而顺利解题。
因此,科普类文章中尽管有专业词汇和术语,但可以通过上下文、构词法等来理解题目,猜出题意。
3.从语法和句子结构方面看,句子结构较复杂,长难句较多,语法分析较困难,为了描述一个客观事实,严密地表达自己的思想,作者经常会使用及多种语法现象与一体的长句。
常用被动语态、定语从句等
【得分要点】1、学生需先通读短文,把握文章大意,了解该短文是解释何种科学现象或科学道理的,抓住体现本文主题的关键词和关键句,提高阅读速度。
2、要做好科普类文章试题,考生还要掌握这类文章的特点和结构,真正读懂并理解它。
在阅读这类文章时要遵循此类文章的一般结构:
导语、背景、主体和结尾。
阅读时要注意开头和结尾,往往可以归纳出文中的中心思想。
3、在了解全文大意和结构的基础上,学会解决what/how/why等一类的问题,他们是文章的关键,如果能够带着这些问题去阅读,则会更迅速地抓住文章的主题。
另外,还要通过读书看报等多普及科普知识,比如:
太空与海洋、环境与污染、科技与创造发明、医疗卫生,动物世界等。
这样长期坚持,既开阔了视野又能正确迅速地做好此类题。
【精准对接】文章和高考题相似度很高。
【母题1】【河南省实验中学2019届高考全真模拟最后一卷】
Solarenergysystems&powerplantsdonotproduceairpollution,waterpollution,orgreenhousegases.Usingsolarenergycanhaveapositive,indirecteffectontheenvironment,whensolarenergyreplacesorreducestheuseofotherenergysourcesthathavelargereffectsontheenvironment.
However,somepoisonousmaterialsandchemicalsareusedtomakethephotovoltaic(光电池的)cellsthatconvertsunlightintoelectricity.Somesolarthermal(保热的)systemsusepotentiallyhazardousliquidstotransferheat.Leaksofthesematerialscouldbeharmfultotheenvironment.U.S.environmentallawsregulatetheuseandsettlementofthesetypesofmaterials.
Aswithanytypeofpowerplant,largesolarpowerplantscanaffecttheenvironmentneartheirlocations.Theplacementofthepowerplantmayhavelong-termeffectsonthehabitatsofnativeplantsandanimals.Somesolarpowerplantsmayrequirewaterforclean
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 专题05 阅读理解科普类原卷版 专题 05 阅读 理解 科普 类原卷版
![提示](https://static.bdocx.com/images/bang_tan.gif)