届新高考名校英语阅读理解好题速递分项汇编教师版74页.docx
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届新高考名校英语阅读理解好题速递分项汇编教师版74页.docx
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届新高考名校英语阅读理解好题速递分项汇编教师版74页
2022届新高考名校英语阅读理解好题速递分项汇编(教师版)
阅读理解
专题01阅读理解(第03期)-2022届新高考名校英语好题速递分项汇编
阅读【江苏省苏州市2021-2022学年高三上学期期初调研】
Forcenturies,teahasbeenusedforfarmorethanovercomingthirst.Aroundtheworldpeopledrinkittorelaxandrestoreenergy.
Green,oolongandblackteacomefromthesameplant—Camelliasinensis(茶树).Greentea,however,isprocessedinadifferentway,whichresultsinhigherlevelsofsomeofthecompoundsthatscientistsbelievehavepositiveeffectsonourmentalhealth.
A2017reviewofmorethan100studiesfoundthatgreenteacanimpactthebraininthreeways:
reduceanxiety;focusattention;andimprovebrainfunction,especiallymemory.However,itwascautionedthattheeffectsaren’tlarge,andcurrentevidenceismainlyprovidedbysmall-scalestudies.
Therearealsosuggestionsthatteacouldimprovethesymptomsofdepression,dementia(痴呆)andDownsyndrome(唐氏综合征).
A2018studyconductedinSouthKoreafoundthatfrequentgreenteadrinkerswere21%lesslikelytodevelopdepressionthanthosewhowerenon-drinkers.However,asanobservationalstudy,itcouldn’testablishcauseandeffect,onlyassociation.
Teaalsohassomebenefitsforourphysicalhealth—it’slinkedtoalongerlife,couldreducesomeriskfactorsforcardiovascular(心血管的)diseasesuchasheartattackandstroke,andmayalsohaveaweight-losingeffect.
“Weneedbetterdatatotrulyassessthebenefitsofteaonourmentalandphysicalwell-being,”saidGunterKuhnleattheUniversityofReading,“however,withtheexceptionofgreenteapills,whichhavebeenlinkedtoliverdamage,andburningtea,whichhasbeenlinkedtoesophageal(食道的)cancer,there’snorealdownsidetoacupoftea.Ithinkmostpeopleenjoyrituals(仪式感).It’sacomfortingthing.Ifthere’sanythingwrong,hereit’sacupofteathat’sneeded.”
21.Howisgreenteadifferentfromoolongandblacktea?
A.Itcuresdepressionanddementia.
B.Itisneverpartofacomplexritual.
C.Ithashigherlevelsofcertaincompounds.
D.ItistakenfromCamelliasinensis.
22.WhatdoesGunterKuhnlewanttoexpress?
A.Greentearitualsgivepeoplecomfort.
B.Greenteapillsmaycauseesophagealcancer.
C.Greenteabringspeoplemoreharmthangood.
D.Greenteaprovesbeneficialwithnoexception.
23.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A.Whichteapreventscancer
B.Whydrinkingteamighthelp
C.Whenteacausesliverdamage
D.Howteasareprocessed
【答案】21.C22.A23.B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。
文章主要介绍了喝茶对人身体有益,特别是绿茶,喝绿茶可以缓解焦虑、提高认知记忆能力和促进脑功能。
21.细节理解题。
通过文章第二段“Greentea,however,isprocessedinadifferentway,whichresultsinhigherlevelsofsomeofthecompoundsthatscientistsbelievehavepositiveeffectsonourmentalhealth.(然而,绿茶的加工方式不同,导致某些化合物含量更高,科学家认为这些化合物对我们的心理健康有积极影响)”可知,绿茶与乌龙茶和红茶的不同之处在于绿茶的某些化合物含量更高。
故选C项。
22.细节理解题。
通过文章最后一段“Ithinkmostpeopleenjoyrituals.It’sacomfortingthing.(我想大多数人都喜欢仪式感。
这是一件令人欣慰的事情)”可知,GunterKuhnle认为喝绿茶的仪式感能让人感到舒适与慰藉。
故选A项。
23.主旨大意题。
通读全文,再根据文章第三段“greenteacanimpactthebraininthreeways:
reduceanxiety;focusattention;andimprovebrainfunction,especiallymemory(绿茶可以从三个方面影响大脑:
减少焦虑;集中注意力;改善大脑功能,特别是记忆)”以及倒数第二段“Teaalsohassomebenefitsforourphysicalhealth—it’slinkedtoalongerlife,couldreducesomeriskfactorsforcardiovasculardiseasesuchasheartattackandstroke,andmayalsohaveaweight-losingeffect.(茶对我们的身体健康也有一些好处——它可以延长寿命,可以减少心血管疾病的一些危险因素,例如心脏病发作和中风等疾病,也可能有减肥作用)”可推知,本文主要介绍了喝茶对人体多个方面的好处。
B项“为什么喝茶可能有帮助”符合文意,最适合作为本文标题。
故选B项。
Atfirst,Ididn’trecognizethesymptomsthatweallhadincommon.Friendsmentionedthattheywerehavingtroubleconcentrating.Itwasn’tburnout—westillhadenergy.Itwasn’tdepression—wedidn’tfeelhopeless.Wejustfeltsomewhatjoylessandaimless.
Itturnsoutthere’sanameforthat:
languishing.
Languishingisasenseofinactivityandemptiness.Itfeelsasifyou’remuddling(应付)throughyourdays,lookingatyourlifethroughafoggywindshield(挡风玻璃).
Inpsychology,wethinkaboutmentalhealthonaspectrum(范围)fromdepressiontoflourishing(精力旺盛).Flourishingisthepeakofwell-being.Depressionisthevalleyofill-being.Languishingistheneglectedmiddlechildofmentalhealth.It’stheemptinessbetweendepressionandflourishing—theabsenceofwell-being.You’renotfunctioningatfullcapacity.Languishingdullsyourmotivation,disruptsyourabilitytofocus,andgreatlyincreasesthepossibilitythatyou’llcutbackonwork.
Partofthedangeristhatwhenyou’relanguishing,youmightnotnoticethedullingofdelightorthedecreasingofdrive.Youdon’tcatchyourselfslippingslowlyintoaloneness;you’reindifferenttoyourindifference.Whenyoucan’tseeyourownsuffering,youdon’tseekhelporevendomuchtohelpyourself.
Sowhatcanwedoaboutit?
Peoplewhobecamemorefocusedontheirworkmanagedtoavoidlanguishing.Interruptedattentionisanenemyofengagementandexcellence.Togobeyondlanguishing,giveyourselfsomeuninterruptedtime.Itclearsoutconstantdistractions(分心)andgivesusthefreedomtofocus.Andtrystartingwithsmallwinsbyfocusingonachallengethatmatterstoyou–aninterestingproject,aworthwhilegoal,orameaningfulconversation.
Westillhavealottolearnaboutwhatcauseslanguishingandhowtocureit,butnamingitmightbeafirststep.Itcouldhelptodefogourvision,givingusaclearerwindowintowhathadbeenanunclearexperience.Itcouldremindusthatweweren’talone:
languishingiscommonandshared.
Byacknowledgingthatsomanyofusarelanguishing,wecanstartgivingvoicetoquietdespairandlightingapathoutoftheemptiness.
24.Whichdefinitionbestsuitstheword“languishing”?
A.Feelingexhaustedandwithouthope.
B.Becomingweakerorfailingtoimprove.
C.Makingsomeonewanttoachievesomething.
D.Goingbeyondtheusuallimitsofsomething.
25.Whichofthefollowingcanbedescribedaslanguishing?
A.Seekinghelpwhenyouaresuffering.
B.Realizingthatyouarenotaloneindespair.
C.Givingyourselfsomeuninterruptedtime.
D.Beingindifferenttoyourlackofenthusiasm.
26.Whatcouldpsychologistsdotohelpsolvetheproblemsoflanguishing?
A.Givepeoplemorefreedom.
B.Seeitasdepression.
C.Nameitclearly.
D.Removeitfromaspectrum.
27.Whyisitsignificanttoknowlanguishingiscommonandshared?
A.Wecanletthesilentdespairspeakupandfindawayout.
B.Wecancontinuetolearnmoreaboutlanguishing.
C.Wecanseeitasbasicallythesameasdepression.
D.Wecanstudyitasthecompleteoppositeofflourishing.
【答案】24.B25.D26.C27.A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。
文章主要介绍了一种萎靡不振的精神状态——“languishing”,以及可以做些什么去改变这种精神状态。
24.推理判断题。
通过文章第三段“Languishingisasenseofinactivityandemptiness.(Languishing是一种无所作为和空虚的感觉)”以及第五段“youmightnotnoticethedullingofdelightorthedecreasingofdrive(你可能没有注意到愉悦感的减弱或干劲的减少)”和“youdon’tseekhelporevendomuchtohelpyourself(你不寻求帮助,甚至不做很多事来帮助自己)”可推知,B项“变弱或不上进”最适合定义“languishing”。
故选B项。
25.推理判断题。
通过文章第五段“Youdon’tcatchyourselfslippingslowlyintoaloneness;you’reindifferenttoyourindifference.(你不会发现自己慢慢陷入孤独;你对自己的冷漠毫不关心)”可推知,对自己缺乏热情,漠不关心就可以被描述为“languishing”。
故选D项。
26.细节理解题。
通过文章倒数第二段“Westillhavealottolearnaboutwhatcauseslanguishingandhowtocureit,butnamingitmightbeafirststep.(我们仍有很多东西需要了解,是什么导致了“languishing”以及如何治愈它,但为它命名可能是第一步)”可知,心理学家可以清楚地将“languishing”命名来帮助解决问题。
故选C项。
27.细节理解题。
通过文章最后一段“Byacknowledgingthatsomanyofusarelanguishing,wecanstartgivingvoicetoquietdespairandlightingapathoutoftheemptiness.(通过了解我们中的许多人都患有“languishing”,我们就能开始说出内心的平静的绝望,照亮并走出空虚的道路)”可知,知道痛苦是普遍的和共同的是重要的,就可以将沉默的绝望大声说出来,并找到出路。
故选A项。
Abatandaballcost$1.10intotal.Thebatcosts$1.00morethantheball.Howmuchdoestheballcost?
Ifyouanswered10cents,you’renotalone–mostpeoplegivethesameanswer(thecorrectansweris5cents).It’sanexampleofhowweoftenrelyonintuitive(直觉的)responses–answerswefeelaretrue.Peoplegiveanswersthat“popintotheirmind,”saysStevenSloman.Wedon’tspendmuchtime“reflectingandcheckingwhethertheanswerisrightorwrong.”
Thebatandballquestionhelpsexplainwhyweoftenbelieveinfake(假的)news.Itispartofhumannaturetobelieve,saysSloman.But“thetrickwithfakenewsistoknowtoverify”---inotherwords,tostopandquestionwhatyouknow.Inoneexperiment,Slomanandacolleagueinventedadiscoverycalledheliumrain.Theytoldagroupofvolunteersaboutit,butadmittedtheycouldnotfullyexplainwhatitwas.Theythenaskedthevolunteerstoratetheirownunderstandingofheliumrain.Mostvolunteersratedthemselves1outof7,meaningtheydidnotunderstandtheconcept.
Theresearchersthentoldanothergroupofvolunteersaboutthediscovery.Thistime,theysaidthatscientistscouldfullyexplainhowitworks.Whenaskedtoratetheirunderstanding,thevolunteersgaveanaverageanswerof2.Thescientists’confidencegavethevolunteersanincreasedsenseoftheirownunderstanding,Slomansays.
AccordingtoSloman,studiesshowthatknowledgespreadslikeacontagion(传染病).Thisideacanbeseeninmanyfields,includingpolitics.“Ifeveryonearoundyouissayingtheyunderstandwhyapoliticianisdishonest,”Slomansays,“thenyou’regoingtostartthinkingthatyouunderstand,too.”
Anotherexplanationforthespreadoffakenewsis“motivatedreasoning,”writesAdamWyatz,anAmericanmanagementprofessor,“wearenaturallymorelikelytobelievethingsthatconfirmourexistingopinions.”
So,inaworldwheremisleadinginformationiscommon,trainingpeopletocareaboutfact-checkingisimportant,especiallyinonlinecommunities.“Weshouldcheckthingsandnotjusttakethematfacevalue,”Slomansays.“Verifybeforeyoubelieve.”
28.Whydoestheauthorusetheex
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