英语论文模板samplepaper带批注.docx

英语论文模板samplepaper带批注.docx

《英语论文模板samplepaper带批注.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语论文模板samplepaper带批注.docx（9页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

英语论文模板samplepaper带批注

摘要

随着改革开放的不断发展，中国与世界的交流的不断加深，英语作为一种国际性的语言，在我们的日常生活中占有举足轻重的地位。

能够用英语交流已经成为英语学习者的主要目标。

而听力理解作为语言输入的重要环节，在英语学习过程中起着至关重要的作用。

而面对中国英语教学的现状，听力理解仍然是国内英语学习者的薄弱环节。

本文通过对英语听力理解过程中所遇到的心理障碍、背景知识了解不足以及语言知识的匮乏三个主要影响因素的阐述，作者分析了英语学习者听力差的原因，希望能够帮助英语学习者及英语教师寻求到更为有效的解决方法。

关键词：

障碍；听力理解；克服；听力理解过程

Abstract

WiththedevelopmentoftheReform-OpeningPolicyandtherapiddevelopmentoftherelationshipwiththeoutsideworld,communicationinEnglishhasbecomeamorecrucialfactorinsocialorganization,andisregardedasthemaintargetofEnglishlearners.English,asaninternationallanguage,playsanevermoresignificantroleindailylife.Giventheimportanceoflisteninginlanguagelearningandteaching,itisessentialforlanguageteacherstohelplearnersbecomeeffectivelistenersandforlanguagelearnerstopaygreaterattentiontolisteningcomprehension.MostEnglishlistenersbelievethatlisteningcomprehensionisonlypayingattentiontowhatsomeoneissayingortosoundsthattheycanhear.Theyregardtheprocessoflisteningcomprehensionaspassive,butitisactuallyaveryactiveandcomplicatedprocessinvolvingmanyfactors,suchasthespeakers’pronunciation,thelisteners’vocabularyandabilitytocomprehendmeaning.Inordertoimprovetheirlisteningability,Englishlearnersmustnotonlymakeadiligentefforttolistentospeakers’words,butalsomakeuseofalltheirpriorknowledgeofEnglish.ThemainobstaclestoeffectiveEnglishlisteningcomprehensionwhichmustbeaddressedtoimprovelisteningcomprehensioninEnglishareintheareasoflimitedphoneticknowledge,quantityofmasteredvocabulary,limitedunderstandinginculturalbackgroundandsomespecificpsychologicalobstacles.

Keywords：

obstacles；listeningcomprehension；overcome；listeningprocess

TableofContents

Outline1

Introduction3

ChapterITheImportanceofListeningComprehension5

1.1DefinitionoftheListeningComprehension5

1.2TheSignificanceofListening6

ChapterIITheProcessofListeningComprehension9

ChapterIIIObstaclesandCountermeasuresintheListeningProcess11

3.1TheLimitationofPhoneticKnowledge11

3.1.1TheEffectofDistinguishingSoundsonListening11

3.1.2TheEffectofLiaisononEnglishListening12

3.1.3TheEffectofIntonationonEnglishListening13

3.1.4TheEffectofStressedandUnstressedWords14

3.2QuantityofMasteredVocabulary14

3.3LimitedCulturalBackgroundKnowledge17

3.4TheLimitationofPsychologicalFactors19

3.4.1InterestinLearningEnglishListeningComprehension20

3.4.2TheEffectofDifferentEnvironmentsonEnglishListening21

Conclusion24Bibliography25

Acknowledgements28

Outline

ThesisStatement:

ThemainobstaclestoeffectiveEnglishlisteningcomprehensionwhichmustbeaddressedtoimprovelisteningcomprehensioninEnglishareintheareasoflimitedphoneticknowledge,quantityofmasteredvocabulary,limitedunderstandinginculturalbackgroundandsomespecificpsychologicalobstacles.

I.Giventheimportanceoflisteninginlanguagelearningandteaching,itisessentialforlanguageteacherstohelplearnersbecomeeffectivelistenersandforlanguagelearnerstopaygreaterattentiontolisteningcomprehension.

A.AllEnglishlearnersneedtounderstandthedefinitionoflisteningcomprehension.

B.Morepeoplewhoarequalifiedinlisteningandspeakingskillswillbedemanded.

II.Understandingtheprocessoflisteningcomprehensionishelpfulforimprovinglisteningskills.

III.Therearefourmainobstacleswithcorrespondingcountermeasurestoimprovetheprocessoflisteningcomprehension.

A．ManyEnglishlearnersarelimitedinphoneticknowledge.

1.Distinguishingsoundsmeanstodifferentiatebetweentwoormoresoundswhichareintheneighboringpositionintermsoftheplaceofarticulation.

2.Themeaningsofanidenticalsentencearedifferentifaspeakeruttersitusingadifferentintonationortone.

3.StressedandunstressedwordsareanotherimportantfactoraffectingEnglishlistening.

B.Theunderstandingandabilitytousealargeamountofvocabularyisofcrucialimportancebothinreadingcomprehensionandlistening.

1.Althoughmanystudentshavestudiedalargeamountofvocabulary,mostofthemhavedifficultiesinapplyingandmakinguseofthesewordsinspeakingandlistening.

2.ThephenomenonofonewordwithseveralmeaningsisverycommoninEnglishvocabulary.

C．Alackofculturalbackgroundknowledgeisabigobstacleinlisteningcomprehension.

1.AccordingtoPiaget’sschematheory,informationthatdoesnotfitintoaparticularschemamaynotbecomprehended,ormaynotbecomprehendedcorrectly.

2.ThewaythatlearnersacquireknowledgeunderschematheoryisquitesimilartoPiaget’smodeloftheprocessofdevelopment.

D.Psychologicalfactorshaveadirectimpactonstudents’willingnessandcommitmenttolisteninginstruction.

IV.Conclusion:

One’sabilitytocomprehendalisteningtextorconversationisbasedonwhetherheorshehasmasteredrelevantknowledgeandtechniquesforlisteningandunderstandingsuchasapplicationofrelevantphoneticknowledge,masteringlargeamountsofvocabulary,acquiringanadequateknowledgeofculturalbackgroundandanawarenessofsignificantpsychologicalfactors.

Introduction

WiththedevelopmentoftheReform-OpeningPolicyandtherapiddevelopmentoftherelationshipwithoutsideworld,communicationinEnglishhasbecomeamorecrucialfactorinsociety,andisregardedasthemaintargetofcontemporaryEnglishlearners.English,asaninternationallanguage,playsanevermoresignificantroleindailylife.Therefore,toimproveEnglishcompetency,Englishlearnersmustimprovetheirablilitiesinlistening,speaking,readingandwritingallatthesametime.Althougheachoftheseskillsisimportant,“languagelearningdependsonlisteningsinceitprovidestheauralinputthatservesasthebasisforlanguageacquisitionandenableslearnerstointeractinspokencommunication”（NaiandWills）.Therefore,listeningplaysthemostcriticalroleinlearningEnglishbecauseitisthesourceoflanguageinput.Alearnercannotmasterthelanguagecommunicativeprocessiftheydonotlearntolisteneffectively;theycannotefficientlycommunicateandcooperatewithothersunlesstheyunderstandthosethattheyarespeakingwithandlisteningto.

InthepracticeofEnglishteachinginChina,listeninghasfailedtoreceiveasmuchattentionasreading,writingandtranslation.Whatmostlisteningcomprehensionteachersdoinclassismerelyplaylisteningmaterialsandchecktheanswerstothelisteningexercises,somoststudentslearnlittleinclass,andlisteningcomprehensiondoesnotmarkedlyincrease.Hence,listeningisaveryvulnerableareaformostEnglishlearnersinChina.ItisnecessarytofosterEnglishlearners’abilitiesinreadingandwritingaswellaslistening,butimprovinglisteningabilityisanurgentproblemthatneedstoberesolvednow.……

ChapterITheImportanceofListeningComprehension

1.1TheDefinitionoftheListeningComprehension

Giventheimportanceoflisteninginlanguagelearningandteaching,itisessentialforlanguageteacherstohelplearnersbecomeeffectivelistenersandforlanguagelearnerstopaygreaterattentiontolisteningcomprehension.MostEnglishlistenersbelievethatlisteningcomprehensionisonlypayingattentiontowhatsomeoneissayingortosoundsthattheycanhear.Theyregardtheprocessoflisteningcomprehensionaspassiveandnotabletobecontrolledbythemselvesaslisteners.Inordertobetterunderstandthenatureoflisteningcomprehension,allEnglishlearnersneedtounderstandthedefinitionoflisteningcomprehension;thiswillhelpthemtobetterrecognizetheimportanceoflisteningcomprehension.

AccordingtoHowattandDakin（1974）,listeningistheabilitytoidentifyandunderstandwhatothersaresaying.Thisprocessinvolvesunderstandingaspeaker’saccentorpronunciation,thespeaker’sgrammarandvocabulary,andcomprehensionofmeaning.Anablelisteneriscapableofdoingthesefourthingssimultaneously.（qtd.inNaiandWills）

Otherlisteningspecialistsaddanotherimportantcomponentoflistening,namelytheroleofempathywiththespeaker.

Thomlison’s（1984）definitionoflisteningincludes“activelistening”,whichgoesbeyondcomprehendingasunderstandingthemessagecontent,tocomprehensionasanactofempatheticunderstandingofthespeaker.Furthermore,Gordon（1985）arguesthatempathyisessentialtolisteningandcontendsthatitismorethanapoliteattempttoidentifyaspeaker’sperspectives.Rathermoreimportantly,empatheticunderstandingexpandsto“egocentricprosocialbehavior”.Thus,thelisteneraltruisticallyacknowledgesconcernforthespeaker’swelfareandinterests.

RonaldandRoskelly（1985）definelisteningasanactiveprocessrequiringthesameskillsofprediction,hypothesizing,checking,revising,andgeneralizingthatwritingandreadingdemand;andtheseauthorspresentspecificexercisestomake

studentsactivelistenerswhoareawareofthe“innervoice”onehearswhenwriting.（qtd.inNaiandWills）

Listeningcomprehensionisaveryactiveandcomplicatedprocessinvolvingmanyfactors,suchasthespeakers’pronunciation,thelisteners’vocabularyandabilitytocomprehendmeaning.Inordertoimprovetheirlisteningability,Englishlearnersmustnotonlymakeadiligentefforttolistentospeakers’words,butalsomakeuseofalltheirpriorknowledgeofEnglish.

1.2TheSignificanceofListening

AlongwiththesuccessofBeijing’sapplicationforthe2008OlympicGames,China’seconomyhasdevelopedrapidlyandgraduallydeepenedtheReformandOpeni