昆明实验中学高考文科冲刺题届英语高考冲刺题冲刺题.docx
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昆明实验中学高考文科冲刺题届英语高考冲刺题冲刺题.docx
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昆明实验中学高考文科冲刺题届英语高考冲刺题冲刺题
2018届高考英语冲刺题
2018年高考命题规律解读
通过对2017年全国三套高考英语试卷的分析,可以看出:
命题体现高考评价体系“一核四层四翼”的总体要求,围绕立德树人的教育根本任务,紧扣《考试大纲》和《考试说明》,以考查学生关键能力和学科素养为主要目标,坚持稳定中求发展,三套试卷的信度和效度比较稳定。
试卷总体难度比上一年有所提高,但是难度适中,易、中、难题层次鲜明;没有偏题和怪题。
材料围绕人与自我、人与社会、人与自然三大主题,涉及故事、科普、人文、社会现象、文化活动等内容。
体裁包括记叙文、说明文、应用文等。
试卷内容丰富、体裁多样、时代性强,充分体现了高考命题的思想性和育人功能。
具体题型的命题规律如下:
阅读理解
(1)考什么?
近几年阅读理解命题的大体格局一致,基本上可以归纳为主旨大意题、词义猜测题、推理判断题、细节理解题和观点态度意图题。
从整体来看,细节理解题占多数,推理判断题其次,然后是观点态度意图、主旨大意题和词义猜测题。
(2)怎么考?
①体裁和题材内容:
近几年全国卷高考试题阅读理解的文体多为记叙文、说明文、应用文和议论文四种。
选材贴近实际生活、时代感强、强调实际应用,渗透文化意识、情感态度等人文素养的考查,使学生能够展示个性发展和思维的多样性与开放性、感悟人生价值、弘扬正能量、培养核心素养体系。
内容涉及政治、经济、人物、动物、故事、新闻、教育、广告、哲理、生态、环保、科普、史地、节日、社会、卫生等多个领域。
相比较来看,社会文化、人物故事、科普知识和时文报道类的语篇所占比例较大。
②语言特点:
所选材料基本都是英文原版材料,能够体现当代英语的特点,用词简练,生动,语句富于变化,长短句搭配得当,常用词的深层或引申意义也处理得比较恰当,既不限于教材原义,又不涉及过于生僻的用法。
句子结构几乎囊括了英语句法修辞中的所有语句结构形式,如简单句、复合句、虚拟语气、倒装句、省略句、强调句、插入语等。
行文的跳跃程度较大,陈述次序变化起伏,隐含信息较多等。
此外,长难句和优美的经典句子、谚语等的增加也是这几年高考英语阅读理解的一大亮点,在今后的高考阅读试题中仍将继续保持这种态势。
(3)命题趋势:
选材不拘泥特定的规律模式,而是向多元性发展,主要以引导考生在理解文章内容和作者观点态度的基础上弘扬传统文化、关注中国和世界发展大势,深入思考人与自然的关系,体悟和谐发展之道,培养创新精神和人文情怀。
考点仍将以细节理解题和推理判断题为主,词义推测仍然以每年一题的形式出现,而主旨大意题、标题归纳题、观点态度题以及代词指代题则是灵活出现。
Passage1.
Istartstogetcreative
Mostpeoplenowadaysownadevice(设备)thatfeaturesartificialintelligence(AI),withthelikesofSirialwaystheretogreetuswithafriendlyvoice.
ButMicrosoft’sXiaoIceisdifferent.Launched(投入)in2014fortheChinesemarket,“she”hasacreativeedgeoverhercompetitors.
WhilemostAIassistantssimplyreadoutinformationtheygetonline,suchasmovielistingsorweatherforecasts(预报),XiaoIcehasa“realness”thattheotherslack.Indeed,ifyouaskednicely,shecouldreadyouapoemfromhernewweeklycolumninWestChinaCityDaily.
ThenewspaperhasbeenprintingXiaoIce’sself-pennedpoetryeachweeksinceAug19,takenfromherownbookofpoems,TheSunlightthatLosttheGlassWindow.w
ToturnXiaoIceintoamasterofpoetry,Microsoftscientists“fed”hertheworksofover500influentialmodernpoets,includingthoseofHuShi,LiJinfa,LinHuiyin,XuZhimo,andWenYiduo,reportedChinaDaily.
Thisledtoherfiguringoutawritingstyleofherownandcreatingover70,000originalpoems,with137usedtoproducethebook.xMostofthepoemsareindistinguishable(难区分的)fromthosewrittenbyhumans,andXiaoIce’sbookevengotgoodfeedback(反馈)fromexperts.
“XiaoIce’sworkcarriesastrangetaste.Themoreyouchewonit,themoreinterestingitbecomes,”ZhangZonggang,aliteratureprofessorattheNanjingUniversityofScienceandTechnology,toldtheSouthChinaMorningPost.Butitseemsnoteveryoneisafan.
“[Thepoems]disgustedmewiththeirslippery(油滑的)toneandrhythm.Thesentenceswereaimlessandsuperficial(肤浅的),lackingtheinnerlogicforemotionalexpression,”Yunnan-basedpoetYuJiantoldChinaYouthDaily.
Thisisn’tthefirstAItoattemptpoetry.Lastyear,Google’sParseyMcParsefacemadesomepoemsofitsown,althoughtheywerebranded“miserable(令人不快的)”and“mournful(使人忧郁的)”byreviewers.
WhileitseemslikeAIisbecomingmore“intelligent”andless“artificial”allthetime,whenitcomestocreativity,perhapsthisisonejobthatsoftwareshouldleavetoushumans.
Choosetheanswer:
1.WhatadvantagedoesXiaoIcehaveovermostotherAIassistants?
A.Shecangreetuserswithherfriendlyvoice.B.Sheisabletoreadpoetryforusers.
C.Shecanacquireinformationonlineveryquickly.D.Shehastheabilitytocreateoriginalpoems.
2.WhatisthecorrectdescriptionofXiaoIce?
A.Herworksarewelcomedbymanyinfluentialmodernpoets.
B.Herpoemsarecomparabletothosewrittenbyhumans.
C.Sheisworkingonamonthlycolumninanewspaper.
D.Herworksdon’thaveaspecificwritingstyle.
3.WhatistheproblemaboutXiaoIce’spoems,accordingtothetext?
A.It’squitehardtounderstandwhatherworksmean.
B.Herpoemsaresorrowfulandlackcreativity.
C.Thetoneandrhythmofherpoemsarequestionable.
D.Theemotionalexpressionsinherpoemsdeservemoreattention.
Passage2.
Onesteptoofar
Scientistshavebeentryingtofigureouthowtoalterthegenesofhumansformanyyearsnow,anditlookslikethey’vefinallycracked(破解)thecode.Butwhilethismayseemlikeagreatstepforwardinscience,somealsobelievethatit’sonestepbackwhenitcomestoethics.w
InAugust,agroupofscientistsfromtheUSandSouthKoreaworkedtogethertosuccessfullyeditahumanembryoandremoveageneticmutation(基因突变)thatwouldhaveledtoheartdisease,reportedTheGuardian.
ThiswasachievedwiththehelpofCRISPR,agene-editingtoolthatallowsscientiststo“cutandpaste(粘贴)”humanDNA.
Althoughthiswasthefirstexampleofanembryo’sgenesbeingchangedsuccessfully,thebenefitsofgeneeditinghavealreadybeentestedinlivingpatients.
In2015,afive-month-oldgirlfromtheUKwassavedafterdoctorsusededitedcellstofightoffhercancer.Asoftoday,she’saliveandwell.
AndintheUSlastyear,scientistsmanagedtoremoveHIVcellsfromseveralpatientsbyeditingthegenesinsidetheirbodies.
Somepeoplehopethatinthefuture,diseasesorbirthdefects(缺陷)couldsimplybe“editedout”.However,othersbelievethiscouldleadtoso-calleddesignerbabies,givingparentstheoptiontochooseeverythingfromeyecolortointelligence.
“Youcouldfindwealthyparentsbuyingthelatest‘upgrades(升级)’fortheirchildren,leadingtoevengreaterinequalitythanwealreadylivewith,”MarcyDarnovsky,directoroftheSanFranciscoCenterforGenetics,toldBBCNews.
Inspiteoftheseethicalconcerns,expertssayit’snotpossibletocreatethe“perfect”humanbeing.Despitetheprogressscientistshavemade,wedon’tunderstandhumangenesenoughtogiveanunbornchildgreatbrainpoweroramazingsingingabilities.
“Rightnow,weknownothingaboutgeneticenhancement(提升),”HankGreely,adirectorofsciencesatStanfordUniversity,US,toldTheNewYorkTimes.“We’renevergoingtobeabletosay,honestly,‘Thisembryolookslikeitwouldscorehighonthetwo-partSAT.’”
Soitlookslikeifwewantgoodexamresults,ortoimpresspeoplewithourpianoskills,we’llhavetostickwiththeoldfashionedmethodofplainhardwork–atleastfornow.
Choosethebestanswer:
1.Theunderlinedword“alter”inParagraph1probablymeans______.
A.recordB.changeC.removeD.increase
2.Whydosomepeopleconsiderhumangeneeditingastepbackwards?
A.Theydon’tthinkitisaneffectivewaytofightdiseases.
B.Theyareconcernedthatitcouldleadtogeneticmutations.
C.Theythinkitcouldleadtodesignerbabiesandincreasedinequality.
D.Theyworrythatitcouldmakeparentsabandonchildrenwithbirthdefects.
3.Whatwasthefirstsuccessfulexampleofhumanembryogeneediting?
A.Ageneticmutationrelatedtoheartdiseasewasremovedbyscientists.
B.Anewbornbabywithcancerwassavedbyeditedcells.
C.HIVcellswereremovedfrompatients’bodies.
D.Somebirthdefectsweresimplyeditedout.
4.Whatcanweconcludefromthetext?
A.Geneeditingisregardedastheperfectwaytotreatbirthdefects.
B.Thereisstillalongwaytogotofullyunderstandhumangenes.
C.Geneeditingcouldhelpenhancehumanintelligenceinthenearfuture.
D.Scientistsarepessimisticaboutthefutureofgeneediting.
Passage3.
StudyingMandarin
USteenagerThomasCheathamhadplannedtostudyLatinduringhistimeatHebronHighSchoolinTexas.ButwhenhelearnedthattheschooldistrictwasgoingtoofferaMandarin(普通话)class,hequicklychangedhismind.
“Ithought[Mandarin]wouldbemorebeneficialthanLatin,”saidCheatham,whoisnowinhissecondyearofstudyingthelanguage.
HespeaksMandarintoorderfoodatChineserestaurantsandcanreadsocialmediapostsfromhisChinese-speakingfriends.
Whileit’sadifficultlanguagetomaster,thehighschooljunior,whoplanstostudycomputerengineering,thinksitwillbeimportantforhiscareer.
“Chineseisagoodlanguagetoknow,especiallywithChinabecomingagrowingpower,”hesaid.
ManyexpertsagreethatproficiencyinalanguagespokenbyabillionpeopleworldwidewillgiveAmericanstudentsanedgeintheglobaleconomy.
“PeoplearelookingatChinaasournexteconomiccompetitor,andinterestinMandarinisgrowing,”saidMartyAbbott,executivedirectoroftheAmericanCouncilontheTeachingofForeignLanguages.“We’reseeingitinallpartsofthecountry.”
Abbottestimatesthatasmanyas100,000studentsarenowstudyingMandarinthroughouttheUS,inpublicandprivateschools.
ShesaidtheUSgovernmenthasdesignated(指定)Mandarinasa“critical(重要的)needs”languageandprovidesprofessionaldevelopmentprogramsforteachers.
“Ourgovernmentwantstoincreaseourlanguagecompetency(能力)fornationalsecurityandeconomiccompetitiveness,”Abbottsaid.
Atthesametime,theChinesegovernmentisspreadingknowledgeoftheChineselanguageandculturethroughConfuciusInstitutesestablishedinmanyUSstates.
Forexample,theConfuciusInstituteattheUniversityofTexasinDallashasbeenthehomeofaConfuciusInstitutefor10years.Itsponsors(主办)ConfuciusClassroomsat21localpublicandprivateschools,wheretensofthousandsofstudentsarelearningMandarin.
Choosethebestanswer:
1.ThomasCheathamdecidedtostudyMandarininsteadofLatinbecausehethought______.
A.MandarinwaseasiertolearnthanLatin
B.MandarinmighthelphimlearnmoreaboutChinesefood
C.Mandarincouldenablehimtomakemorefriendsonline
D.Mandarincouldbeadvantageousinhisfuturecareer
2.Theunderlinedword“proficiency”inParagraph6probablymeans______.
A.stronginterest
B.greatskill
C.lackofpractice
D.alevelofdifficulty
3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsmightMartyAbbottagr
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