定语从句归纳及专项练习题.docx

定语从句归纳及专项练习题.docx

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定语从句归纳及专项练习题

定语从句语法归纳及练习

一、语法知识归纳

一、基本概念

（一）定语从句

在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

（二）先行词

被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。

一般情况下，定语从句紧跟先行词。

但也有因各种原因定语从句与先行词被分割的现象。

（三）关系代词和关系副词

定语从句的引导词。

与先行词关系密切，因此紧跟先行词，并在定语从句中充当一个成分。

关系代词有：

who,whom,which,that和whose,另外，as也可充当关系代词。

关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。

关系副词有：

when,where和why。

在定语从句中充当状语。

二、关系代词的用法

（一）基本用法

根据先行词的不同，和在从句中所充当的成分不同，选用不同的关系代词。

如下表：

关系词

先行词

从句成分

例句

备注

关系代词

who

人

主语，宾语

Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?

whom,which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that

whom

人

宾语

Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworking

Theboy（whom）sheloveddiedinthewar.

whose

人，物

定语

Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.

Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismyclassmate.

that

人，物

主语，宾语

Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.

Sheisthepopstar（that）Iwanttoseeverymuch.

which

物

主语，宾语

Thebook（which）Igaveyouwasworth$10.

Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.

as

人，物

主语，宾语

Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.

ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.

as做宾语一般不省略

例如：

（注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分）

①Doyouknowtheprofessorwho/thatwillgiveusaspeechnextweek?

（作主语）

②Ireadareportabouthisnewnovelthat/whichwillsoonbepublished.（作主语）

③Theplanthat/whichtheyarguedaboutwassettledatlast.（作宾语）

④Thisisthenewsecretary（who/whom/that）Iwouldliketointroducetoyou.（作宾语）

⑤Thesoldierwhoselegswerebadlywoundedwasoperatedonwithoutdelay.（作定语）

注意：

关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略，充当主语时则不能。

（见上例③④）

（二）关系代词that代替which的一些情况

which,that在代替物时，一般可以通用。

但在有些情况下，只用that。

先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。

例如：

①Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollution.

②Englishisthemostdifficultsubjectthatyouwilllearnduringtheseyears.

⑵先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时。

例如：

①Thisisthelastplace（that）Iwanttovisit.

②ItisthefirstAmericanmovieofthiskindthatI’veeverseen.

⑶先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等代词时。

例如：

①Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.

②Wehaven’tgotmuchthatwecanofferyou.

⑷先行词前面有theonly,thevery,any,few,little,no,all,much,every等修饰时。

例如：

①Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.

②Thelittlemoney（that）hehadwasstolen.

（三）宜用who,而不用that的一些情况

⑴先行词是one,ones,anyone时。

例如：

①Onewhohasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestotellthetruth.

②Don’ttellanyoneaboutthenewswhooughtn’ttoknowit.

⑵先行词是those时。

例如：

①Thosewhowerenotfitfortheirworkcouldnotseethebeautifulclothesmadeofthemagiccloth.

（四）其它情况

⑴先行词既有人又有物时。

例如：

①Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?

②Thebikeanditsriderthathadrunoveranoldmanweretakentothepolicestation.

⑵主句已有疑问词who或which时。

例如：

①Whichisthebikethatyoulost?

②Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting?

（五）与whose有关的问题

⑴whose是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。

例如：

①Isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen.

②Pleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisred.

⑵当whose表示物与物的所有格关系时，亦可用ofwhich的形式。

例如：

①Thebuildingwhoseroofyoucanseefromhereisanewrestaurant.

→Thebuilding,theroofofwhichyoucanseefromhere,isanewrestaurant.或

→Thebuilding,ofwhichtheroofyoucanseefromhereisanewrestaurant.

三、介词前提的问题

关系代词在定语从句中充当介词宾语时，介词可以前提至关系代词前。

例如：

Haveyouseenthepen（which）Iwrotethenotewithjustnow?

（which作介词with的宾语）

→HaveyouseenthepenwithwhichIwrotethenotejustnow?

但是，要注意的是：

⑴介词前提后，先行词是人或物，关系代词分别只能用whom和which，而不再用that或who。

⑵介词前提后，关系代词不再能省略。

⑶有些含有介词的短语动词中的介词不能前提，如：

lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。

例如：

错误：

Whoistheoldmantothatyouweretalkingto?

正确：

Whoistheoldmantowhomyouweretalking?

或Whoistheoldman（that/whom）youweretalkingto?

错误：

Thesearethesheepofwhichtheboytookcare.

正确：

Thesearethesheep（which/that）theboytookcareof.

四、关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中的主谓一致

关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词在人称和数上应与先行词一致。

例如：

Whoistheguythatisreadingoverthere?

Thenumberofpeoplethataregoingtotheexhibitionisexpectedtobeover25,000.

Allthatneedstobedonehasbeendone.

Heisoneofthestudentswhousecomputeralotforstudy.

Timmyistheonlyoneofthepupilsthathasfailedtheexam.

例③中的all意为“一切”，作单数。

例⑤中没通过考试的学生事实上只有一人，因此谓语动词也用单数。

that与which,who,whom的用法区别：

情况

用法说明

例句

只用that的情况

先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,等不定代词时。

先行词被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修饰时

先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时

先行词既指人又指物时

先行词被theonly,thevery修饰时

句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时

1.Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows.

2.Allthebooksthatyouofferedhavebeengivenout.

3.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverread.

4.Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered.

5.HeistheonlymanthatIwanttosee.

6.Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech?

只用which,who,whom的情况

在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人

在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。

先行词本身是that时，关系词用which,先行词为those,one,he时多用who。

1.Hehasason,whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.

2.Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.

3.Thosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers.

定语从句专项练习

（1）

place_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.

A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich

youknowtheman_______?

A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke

isthehotel_______lastmonth.

A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayed

C.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed

youknowtheyear__theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?

A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich

istheday______I'llneverforget.

A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when

factory______we'llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.

A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich

changeshavetakenplaceinthefactory____weareworkingsincethen.

A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there

isoneofthebestfilms_______.

A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshown

C.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked

youlendmethebook______theotherday?

A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalked

C.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked

pen______heiswritingismine.

whichwhichwhichwhich

arrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof______satasmallboy.

A.whomB.whoC.whichD.that

engineer______myfatherworksisabout50yearsold.

whomwhomwhichD.withwhom

thereanyoneinyourclass______familyisinthecountry?

A.whoB.who'sC.whichD.whose

'minterestedin______youhavesaid.

A.allthatwhatC.thatD.which

wanttousethesamedictionary______wasusedyesterday.

A.whichB.whoC.whatD.as

isn'tsuchaman______heusedtobe.

A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as

isgoodatEnglish,______weallknow.

A.thatB.asC.whomD.what

Ming,______totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.

A.IwentwithB.withwhomIwent

C.withwhoIwentwentwithhim

don'tlike______asyouread.

A.thenovelsB.thesuchnovelsC.suchnovelsD.samenovels

talkedalotaboutthingsandpersons_______theyrememberedintheschool.

A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what

letterisfrommysister,______isworkinginBeijing.

A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who

ourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsof____arewomen.

A.themB.whichC.whomD.who

'retheonlyperson______I'veevermet______coulddoit.

A.who;/B./;whomC.whom;/D./;who

lostabook,______Ican'tremembernow.

A.whosetitleB.itstitleC.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat

summerwevisitedtheWestLake,______Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.

whichthatwhichDwhat

haveboughtsuchawatch_______wasadvertisedonTV.

A.thatB.whichC.asD.it

canneverforgettheday_______weworkedtogetherandtheday______wespenttogether.

;which;when;thatwhich;when

way______helooksatproblemsiswrong.

A.whichB.whoseC.whatD./

isthereason______hedidn'tcometothemeeting.

A.inwhichB.withwhichC.thatD.forwhich

machine,______formanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.

whichIhavelookedB.whichIhavelookedafter

C.thatIhavelookedafterD.Ihavelookedafter

reason______hedidn'tcomewas______hewasill.

A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;hatD.forwhich;what

isworkinghard,______willmakehimpassthefinalexam.

which

isnottheway______Idoit.

A./whichwhich

havetwogrammars,______areofgreatuse.

A.allofwhichB.eitherofwhichC.bothofthatD.bothofwhich

wanttousethesametools_______usedinyourfactoryafewdaysago.

wasB.whichwaswereD.which

neighboursusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,_______wasverykindofthem.

A.whoB.whichC.thatD.it

isthemagazine_______Icopiedtheparagraph.

A.thatB.whichC.fromthatD.fromwhich

isnotsuchaman_______wouldleavehisworkhalfdone.

A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as

39.Youcandependonwhateverpromise_______hemakes.

A./B.whyC.whenD.whose

40.Smoking,_______isabadhabit,is,however,popular.

A.thatB.whichC.itD.though

41.---Didyouasktheguard_______happened?

---Yes,hetoldmeall_______heknew.

;thatB.what;whatC.which;whichD.that;that

42.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_______Ilivedonthefarmwiththefarmers,_______hasagreateffectonmylife.

;who;whichC.which;thatD.when;which

43.Thenumberofthepeoplewho____cars_______increasing.

;areB.owns;isC.own;isD.own;are

44.Duringthedays______,heworkedasaservantattheBrowns.

followfollowed

45.Isoxygentheonlygas_______helpsfireburn?

A.thatB./C.whichD.it

46.Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall,_______hecouldsee_____wasgoingoninsidehouse.