Reference guideReference Lists.docx
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Reference guideReference Lists.docx
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ReferenceguideReferenceLists
ReferenceLISTattheendofapieceofwork
Attheendofapieceofworkyoumustlistthereferencestodocumentscitedinthetext(referencelist)andthosenotcitedinthetextbutwhichmakeanimportantcontributiontoyourwork(bibliography).ThesearemorecommonlyreferredtoasReferences.
1.HarvardSystem
IntheHarvardSystemthereferencesarelistedinalphabeticalorderbyauthors’name.Ifyouhavecitedmorethanoneitembyaspecificauthortheyshouldbelistedchronologically(earliestfirst),andbyletter(1993a,1993b)ifmorethanoneitemhasbeenpublishedduringaspecificyear.
Ifnoauthorisgiventhetitleisusedinboththereferencelistandcitationinthetext
Forplaceofpublicationgivethecity.Ifthecity/townisnotwellknownyoumayaddacountry/region/state.
Eachreferenceshouldusetheelementsandsomeformofthepunctuationgiveninthefollowingexamplesforthedifferenttypesofpublishedworksyouhavereferenced.
TheareseveralvariationsofpunctuationintheHarvardreferencesystem.Thesedifferencesaredependentonthestylechosenbytheinstitutioninquestion.
BOOK
GeneralFormat
Author’ssurname,INITIALS.(Yearofpublication)Titleofbook(initalics),Edition(ifnotthefirst),Publisher,Placeofpublication.
Remember,punctuationvariesinHarvard.
Example
–Mercer,P.A.&Smith,L.A.(2004)ModernTransportation,2nded.,Longman:
London.
–Mercer,P.A.andSmith,L.A.2004,ModernTransportation.2nded.Longman,London.
Translatedbook
–Cocteau,J1961,Lesenfantsterribles,trans.RLehmann,Penguin,London.
ACHAPTERINABOOK
GeneralFormat
Contributingauthor’ssurname,INITIALS.(Yearofpublication)Titleofcontribution,FollowedbyinINITIALS.Surnameofauthororeditorofpublicationfollowedbyed.,oreds.,Titleofbook(initalics),Publisher,Placeofpublication,(optional)pagenumbersofcontribution
Remember,punctuationvariesinHarvard.
Example
–Bantz,C.R.(1995)SocialDimensionsofSoftwareDevelopment,In:
N.J.Kritz,ed.,TransnationalJustice,UnitedStatesInstituteofPeacePress:
WashingtonD.C.,pp.120-122.
–Bantz,C.R.1995,‘SocialDimensionsofSoftwareDevelopment’,inN.J.Kritz,ed.,TransnationalJustice,UnitedStatesInstituteofPeacePress:
WashingtonD.C.:
120-122.
JOURNALARTICLE
GeneralFormat
Author’sSurname,INITIALS.(YearofPublication)‘TitleofArticle’,Journalname(initalics),Volumenumber,issuenumber:
pagenumbersofcontribution.
Remember,punctuationvariesinHarvard.
Example
–Evans,A.(1994)‘ApproachestoIntelligentInformationRetrieval’,InformationProcessingandManagement,41(4):
262-301.
–Evans,A.1994‘ApproachestoIntelligentInformationRetrieval’,InformationProcessingandManagement,vol.41,no.4,pp.262-301.
Accessedfromajournaldatabase
–Bennett,J.(2003)‘Environmentalvaluesandwaterpolicy’,AustralianGeographicalStudies,vol.41,no.3,pp.237-250,viewed8November2004,
Accessedfromawebsite
–Sprod,T.(1999)‘Philosophy,youngpeopleandwell-being’,YouthStudiesAustralia,18
(2):
12-16,viewed28October2004, //www.acys.utas.au/ysa/articles/index.html>. Electronicjournal –Kenley,M(2004)‘Thedyingtownsyndrome: asurveyofurbandevelopmentintheWesternDistrictofVictoria’,ElectronicJournalofAustralianandNewZealandHistory,viewed10December2004, //www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/articles/keneley3.html>. Accessedfromawebsiteinaformatdifferenttoprintversion-maynotgivepagenumbers –Valentine,D.2004,‘Accesstohighereducation: achallengetosocialworkeducators’,JournalofSocialWorkEducation,vol.4,no.2,viewed12December2004, //www.cswe.org/>. NEWSPAPERARTICLE GeneralFormat Author’sSurname,INITIALS.(ornewspapernameifnoauthorgiven)(Yearofpublication)‘TitleofArticle’,Newspapername,DayandMonth,Pagenumber/s. Remember,punctuationvariesinHarvard. Example –Velasquez,B.(1998)‘MongoliaandtheWest’,NewYorkTimes,7January,p.28. –Cauchi,S.2004‘World’sgreenmarkersonthebrink’.TheGuardian,16October,p.10. Authorunknown –TheGuardian(2004)‘World’sgreenmarkersonthebrink’,16October,p.10 CONFERENCEPAPER GeneralFormat Contributingauthor’sSurname,INITIALS.(Yearofpublication)‘Titleofcontribution’,followedbyIn: INITIALS.Surname(ofeditorofproceedings(ifapplicable)followedbyed.),TitleofConferenceincludingdateandplaceofconference,Publisher,placeofpublication,pagenumbers. Remember,punctuationvariesinHarvard. Example –Silver,K.(1991)’ElectronicMail: TheNewWaytoCommunicate’,In: D.I.Raitt,ed.,9thInternationalOnlineInformationMeeting,London,5-9December1990,LearnedInformation: Oxford,pp.323-330. –Common,M2001,‘Theroleofeconomicsinnaturalheritagedecisionmaking’,inHeritageeconomics: challengesforheritageconservationandsustainabledevelopmentinthe21stcentury: proceedingsoftheInternationalSocietyforEcologicalEconomicsconference,Canberra,4July2000,AustralianHeritageCommission,Canberra UNPUBLISHEDPAPERS Example –Byas,A2003,‘Familylaw: oldshadowsandnewdirections’,paperpresentedtotheeighthAustralianInstituteofFamilyStudiesConference,Melbourne,12-14February. –Sinclair,J,Knight,G&Merz,R1999,‘VideotransectanalysisofsubtidalhabitatsintheDampierArchipelago’,MuseumofWA. GOVERNMENTPUBLICATIONS GeneralFormat Nameofagencyasauthor(Yearofpublication)TitleofPublication(initalics),Publisher,PlaceofPublication,ReportNumber(whererelevant). Remember,punctuationvariesinHarvard. Example –UNESCO(1993)GeneralInformationProgrammeandUNISIST,UNESCO: Paris(PGI-93/WS/TU). Whenauthorsareknown –UNESCO(1993)GeneralInformationProgrammeandUNISIST,researchreportpreparedbyD.Goodrum&L.Rennie,UNESCO: Paris(PGI-93/WS/TU). Producedbyaconsultant –Condon,J.R.(2004)Cancer,healthservicesandindigenousAustralians,reporttotheOfficeforAboriginalandTorresStraitIslanderHealth,DepartmentofHealthandaging,Canberra. STATISTICS GeneralFormat NameofagencyasauthorYearofpublication,titleofpublication(initalics),cataloguenumber(ifapplicable),nameofpublisher,placeofpublication,dateofviewing,databasename, Remember,punctuationvariesinHarvard. Example –AustralianBureauofStatistics2004,Australiansocialtrends2004,Cat.No.4102.0,AustralianBureauofStatistics,Canberra,viewed10thDecember2004,AusStats, //www.abs.gov.au>. MAPS GeneralFormat Originator’sSurname,INITIALS.(maybecartographer,surveyor,compiler,editor,copier,maker,engraver)(Yearofpublication)Title(initalics),scale(shouldbegivenasratio),Publisher,Placeofpublication. Remember,punctuationvariesinHarvard. Example –Mason,J.(1832)MapoftheCountriesLyingBetweenSpainandIndia,1: 8,000,000,OrdnanceSurveyAssociation: London. PHOTOGRAPHS GeneralFormat Everytimeyouborrowapicture,painting,photograph,diagram,orotherimagefromasourcegiveareferenceentrythatlinkswithyourin-textcitation.Referencethesourceasnormalaccordingtothetype. Remember,punctuationvariesinHarvard. Example(ofabook) –Peters,J.(1996)ArtistsoftheTwentiethCentury,Macmillan: London. ENCYCLOPAEDIAorDICTIONARY GeneralFormat Author’sSurname,INITIALS.(Yearofpublication)‘Titleofentry’,innameofdictionary/encyclopaedia(initalics),Publisher,Placeofpublication,pagenumbers. Remember,punctuationvariesinHarvard. Noentryisrequiredinthereferencelistofyouhavethenameanddateofthe encyclopaediaordictionaryasanin-textreference(i.e.noattributableauthor) Example –Chilvers,I1998,'Funkart’,inTheOxforddictionaryof20thcenturyart,OxfordUniversityPress,Oxford,p.225. . THESES GeneralFormat Author’sSurname,INITIALS.(Yearofpublication)TitleofThesis,Award,NameofInstitutionunderwhoseauspicesthestudywastaken. Remember,punctuationvariesinHarvard. Example –Byrne,M.(1996)Self-talkandtestanxiety,PhDthesis,MonashUniversity,Melbourne. Ifaccessedelectronically –Kurtz,T2003,Apsychologyofenvironmentallysustainablebehaviour,PhDthesis,MurdochUniversity,Perth,viewed11October2004, //wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browser/view/ast-MU20040428.152013>. WEBSITES GeneralFormat Author(personororganisation)Year(sitecreatedorrevised),Name(andplaceifapplicable)ofsponsorofthesite,dateofviewingofthesite(datemonthyear), Remember,punctuationvariesinHarvard. Example –TherapeuticGoodsAdministration2004,DepartmentofHealthandAgeing,Canberra,viewed13October2004, //www.tga.gov.au/recalls/index.htm>. Websitedocuments–GeneralFormat –Author/editorYearofdocument(createdorrevised),titleofdocument(initalics),nameofthesponsorofthesource,dateofviewing(datemonthyear), Example –DepartmentofEducation,ScienceandTraining2003,ThenationalreportonhighereducationinAustralia(2001),DepartmentofEducation,ScienceandTraining,Canberra,viewed13October2004, //www.dest.gov.su/highered/otherpub/national_report/default.htm>. MEDIARELEASEONTHEWORLDWIDEWEB GeneralFormat Actor’ssurname,INITIALS.(Position)Year,titleofrelease(initalics),mediarelease,dateofrelease(daymonth),releasingbody/agency(includingplaceifapplicable),dateofviewing(daymonthyear), Remember,punctuationvariesinHarvard. Example –Pirelli,A(MinisterforTransportandRegionalServices)2003,CASAa
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