8The Merely Very Good.docx
- 文档编号:5866769
- 上传时间:2023-01-01
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:10
- 大小:26.81KB
8The Merely Very Good.docx
《8The Merely Very Good.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《8The Merely Very Good.docx(10页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
8TheMerelyVeryGood
LessonEightTheMerelyVeryGood
Objectives
Toenablethestudents
1)Toseethedifferencebetween“Great”and“MerelyVeryGood”(thegreatmindsfocusedlikelaserbeams)
2)Toclarifytherelationshipbetweenthosepeoplebyputtingthemintogroups
3)Toappreciatetheauthor’sskillinknittingseeminglyscatteredanecdotesofvariouscharactersintoacoherentwhole.
TimeAllotment:
Theteachingplanwillbecarriedoutwithin6periods.
BackgroundInformation
AbouttheAuthor
JeremyBernstein(1929--):
professorofphysicsandwriter.AftergettinghisPh.D.inphysicsatHarvard,hespenttimeattheInstituteforAdvancedStudyinPrincetonandattheNationalScienceFoundation.Hetaughtphysicsfor5yearsatNewYorkUniversityandthenatStevensInstituteofTechnology,Hoboken,NewJersey.ButJeremyBernsteinhasalsospentmorethan30yearsonthestaffofTheNewYorkermagazine,writingmostlyaboutphysics,computers,andothertopicsinphysicalscience.Hemovesascomfortablyamongsentencesandparagraphsasamongequations.Someofhispublicationsare:
TheAnalyticalscience:
computers---past,presentandfuture(1964,revised1981);Einstein(1973);Experiencingscience(1978);ScienceObserved:
EssaysOutOfMyMind(1982);andTheMerelypersonal:
ObservationsonScienceandScientists(2001).
JeremyBernsteinknowsbothphysicsandwritingwell.Besides,heisrelatedtoOppenheimer,DiracandSpenderinonewayoranother.ThereforeheisinapositiontocometotheconclusionthatOppenheimerandSpenderaremerelyverygood.
DetailedStudyoftheText
Para1Whydoestheauthorstateinthispersonalway?
1)Usethepersonalwaytoappealtothereaders.2)Useittostatethepersonalview;3)thiswayislessresistant
Whydosestheauthorbegintheessaywithsuchanincident?
Suchabeginningservesthreepurposes:
1)itaddsapersonaltouchtothesubject;2)recreatinghiseverydaythoughtsmakesiteasierforreaderstoidentifywithhim,andinthiswayhewillcommunicatetothemmoreeffectively.3)Asalinktoweavethethingstogether
Para2J(ulius).RobertOppenheimer(1904---1967):
AmericantheoreticalphysicistwhodirectedtheLosAlamos(inNewMexico)laboratory(ManhattanProject)duringthedevelopmentofthefirstatomicbomb(1942-1945).OppenheimergrewupinasumptuousManhattanapartmentwhosewallsweredecoratedwithpaintingsbyVincentVanGogh,andPaulGauguin.In1922OppenheimerenrolledatHarvard,wherehetookanintenseprogramthatrangedfrommathandsciencestophilosophyandEasternreligionsandFrenchandEnglishliterature,Oppenheimergraduatedin1925.In1926hestudiedwithMaxBornattheUniversityofGottingeninGermany,fromwhichhereceivedhisdoctoraldegreeinMarch1927.In1939,hefellinlovewithKatharine“Kitty”PueningHarrison,abiologistandwidowofaCommunistkilledduringtheSpanishcivilwar,She,too,hadbelongedtotheCommunistparty.TheymarriedinNov.1940andhadtwochildren.
OppenheimerbecameofficiallyinvolvedintheatomicbombprojectinOct.1941.ThiswouldcometobeknownastheManhattanEngineerDistrictProject.InNov.1942hewasappointedDirectorofwhatwastobecometheLosAngelesLaboratory,whichwoulddesignandconstructtheatomicbomb.
Peoplemarveledathowheseemedtounderstandanyconceptinstantly.Almosteveryoneconsideredhimtobetheirintellectualsuperior.Hehadthegreatestmemoryanyonehadeverseen.HeseemedtokeepallaspectsofManhattanProjectinhishead,alongwithanimpressiveknowledgeoftheartsandliterature.
OppenheimerwasalsoanadvisortotheTargetCommittee,whichrecommendedJapanesetargetsfortheatomicbombs.
OppenheimercelebratedtheendofthewarandthesuccessoftheManhattanProject,butthedeathtollandchillingdescriptionsofradiationsicknesshadasoberingeffect.Heinformedgovernmentofficialsthatmostscientistsinthisprojectwouldnotcontinuetopursuesuchwork.“Ifeelwehavebloodonourhands,”hetoldPresidentHarryS.Truman.InOctoberOppenheimerresignedfromLosAlamos.
From1947through1952OppenheimerdirectedtheInstituteforAdvancedStudyatPrinceton,whichbecamealeadingcenteroftheoreticalphysicsandattractednotablescholarsinthesocialsciencesandhumanities.
InMay1953whenLewisStrausswasappointedtochairtheAtomicEnergyCommission,hemovedtorevokeOppenheimer’ssecurityclearance,therebyservinghimfromthecommission’swork.InApril1954thehearingonOppenheimerbeganandinMaythesecurityboardaffirmedOppenheimer’sloyaltybutdeniedhimsecurityclearance.
MaxBorn(1982—1970):
Germannuclearphysicist,whopublishedapaperin1924inwhichthetermQuantumMechanicswasusedforthefirsttime.WinnerofNobelPrizeinPhysicsin1954.
GottingenGottingenUniversityhasahistoryofover260years,whichwasfoundedinthe1730sbyKingGeorgeII,whowasalsorulerofHanover.(Hanover----Britishrulingfamily(1714-1901).WhenVictoriaascendedthethronein1837,thecrownsofHanoverandGreatBritainwereseparated.汉诺威,英国统治家族(1741-1901),当1837年维多利亚登上王位时,汉诺威与大不列颠的王权相分离)
Attheageof23:
Whyistheagementionedhere?
HegraduatedfromHarvardUniversityin1925.ThenhewenttoGermanytostudy,andgothisPh.Ddegreein1927.In2yearstime,hegothisPhDdegreewhichshowsthatheisabright/intelligentyoungman;fewpeoplecangetPh.Din2yearstime.
Quantummechanics:
quantumtheory.Especiallythequantumtheoryofthestructureandbehaviorofatomsandmolecules
Para21.WhatistheroleofthefirstsentenceinParagraph2?
Itisatransitionalsentence.Thefirstpartofthesentencelinkstheparagraphwiththepreviousone.Thesecondpartbringsinachiefcharacteroftheessay,RobertOppenheimer
2.Fellowship:
sumofmoneypaidbyaninstitutionforthesupportofagraduatestudent,scholar,etc.doingadvancedstudyinsomefield.
3.Tookhisdegree..,attheageoftwenty-three.Whydoyouthinktheageismentionedhere?
Theageismentionedtoshowhewasyoungandbright.Whensuchabrightpersonisconsidered
“Merelyverygood”bytheauthorhismessagewillcomeacrossmorestrongly.
4.Born’srecollections...werenotsympathetic.WhatwasProf.Born’sviewofOppenheimer?
HedidnothaveveryfavorableassessmentofOppenheimer.
5..Iwasconsciousofhissuperiorityinawaywhichwasembarrassingandledtotrouble:
IknewthatOppenheimerwasamanofgreattalentbuthiswayofshowinghistalentatmyseminarscauseduneasinessandresentmentamongpeople,especiallyamonghisfellowstudents.
Whywasthewayembarrassing?
ItwasembarrassingbecauseOppenheimerwasveryrudeininterruptingspeakersatBorn’sseminars,yetatthesametimehisscientificsuperioritytotheProfessorwasevidenttoallpresent.
Whydiditleadtotrouble?
Oppenheimer’sbehavioroffendedhisfellowstudentsandtheyprotestedtoProf.Born,demandingheputanendtosuchbehavior.
Para3ErwinSchrodinger(1887-1961):
Austrianphysicist.Heshareda1933NobelPrizefornewformulationsoftheatomictheory.奥地利物理学家,因发现原子理论的新模式而获1933年诺贝尔奖
WernerKarlHeisenberg(1901-1976):
Germanphysicistandafounderofquantummechanics.Hewona1932NobelPrizeforhisuncertaintyprinciple.维尔纳·卡尔.海森堡德国物理学家,量子力学的奠基人。
因其测不准原理而荣获1932年诺贝尔物理学奖Schrodinger
PaulA(drien).M(aurice).Dirac(1902—1984):
Britishphysicist,hispioneerworkinthequantummechanicsoftheatomwonhimtheNobelPrizeinPhysicsin1933attheageof31.Agiantinhisfield,Dirachascontinuedtomakemajorcontributionsinmanyareasofmoderntheoreticalphysics.
a)---Insofarasonecouldhaveafriendship1)didDiracmakefriendwithOppenheimerinarealsense?
No.InFactnoonecanbefriendwithOppenheimer
1)DidDirachavefriends?
Notreally.
2)Wasthereanylimittosuchfriendship?
Yes,Dirac’sfriendshipwithotherswouldonlygotoacertainextent.
3)WereOppenheimerandDiracfriends?
Theywerefriendsonlytoacertainextent.
2.WhatarethesimilaritiesanddifferencesofDiracandOppenheimerasshowninParagraph31)Bothwereyoung---intheirtwenties2)Bothwerephysicists,workingonquantummechanics.3)ButwhenOppenheimerwasshowinghistalentindoingcalculationbetterinthequantumtheory,Dirachadinventedthetheory.Diracwasalreadyfamous.
4)DiracconcentratedonphysicswhileOppenheimeralsowrotepoetry.
3.WhileOppenheimerwasinterruptingBorn’sseminar---Dirachadinventedthesubject:
WhatsortofimageiscreatedaboutOppenheimer?
Itgivesreaderstheimpressionofayoungmanwhowasbrightbutlackedcreativeness,whocouldonlyfollowother’sstepyetwaspompousandconceited.
4.Iwouldimaginethatthe“discussion”...likeanOppenheimermonologue
1)Whyistheword“discussion”inquotes?
Becauseitisso-called“discussion”sinceDiracdidnotsayanythingordidnothaveachancetosayanything.Hencetherewasnodiscussiontospeakof.
2)DoesthisshowanythingaboutOppenheimer?
Yes,itshowsthatOppenheimerwaseagertoofferhisopinionwithoutthinkingofgivingothersachancetoexpresstheirviews.Helikedtomonopolizethewholesituation.
5.Whoasked,“Howcanyoudoboth---Inphysicswetryto---,whereasinpoetry---:
Dirac’sunderstandingofphysicsandpoetry:
Diracthoughtthatthephysiciststriedtomakepeopleunderstandsomethingnobodyknewbeforewhereaspoetsweredealingwithsubjectspeoplewerefamiliarwith.
DidDiracthinkpeoplecoulddobothpoetryandphysics?
Why(not)?
Diracdidnotthinkpeoplecoulddobothpoetryandphysicsbecausethenatureofthetwothingswasdiametricallydifferent.
6.Asinterestingasitmighthavebeen-
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 8The Merely Very Good The