状语从句用法详解.docx
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状语从句用法详解.docx
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状语从句用法详解
状语从句用法详解
内容提要:
一、时间状语从句
二、地点状语从句
三、方式状语从句
四、程度状语从句
五、原因状语从句
六、结果状语从句
七、目的状语从句
八、条件状语从句
九、让步状语从句
十、比较状语从句
一、时间状语从句:
1、时间状语从句通常用下列从属连词来引导:
after,before,as,once,till,until,(ever)since,when,whenever,while,now(that),aslongas,assoonas。
如:
Now(that)you’vegrownup,youmuststopthischildishbehaviour.
Wheneverwemetwithdifficulties,theycametohelpus.
Comeandseeuswheneveryouhavetime.
Peopledonotknowthevalueofhealthtilltheyloseit.
2、有些词,如immediately,directly,instantly等,当用于assoonas意义时,也可以引导时间状语从句,如:
IgotintouchwithhimimmediatelyIreceivedhisletter.
Mysistercamedirectlyshegotmymessage.
Themachinewillstartinstantlyyoupressthebutton.
I’lltelephoneyoudirectlyIhearthenews.
Willyoulookforitimmediatelyyougetthere?
3.某些表示时间的名词词组,如the(very)moment(=assoonas),theminute(=assoonas),theinstant(=assoonas),theday,theyear,themorning,everytime,eachtime,nexttime,thefirsttime等,也可以引导时间状语从句,如:
I’lltellyouaboutitthemomentyoucome.
IstartedtheinstantIheardthereport.
Theinstantshesawhimsheknewhewasherbrother.
EverytimeIcatchacold,Ihavepaininmyback.
I’mgoingtoseehimnexttimehecomestoShenzhen.
HeleftEuropetheyearWorldWarⅡbrokeout.
HehadimpressedmethatwaythefirsttimeImethim.
IstartedtheverymomentIgotyourletter.
I’lltellhimtheminute(that)hegetshere.
4.有些关联从属连词,如nosooner…than/hardly…when/scarcely…when/barely…when等,也能引导时间状语从句。
△如果把nosooner,hardly,scarcely,barely置于句首,它所连带的这部分就要倒装,如:
Shehadnosoonerheardthenewsthanshefainted.
=Nosoonerhadsheheardthenewsthanshefainted.
Theyhadhardlystartedtoworkwhenthetroublebegan.
=Hardlyhadtheystartedtoworkwhenthetroublebegan.
Hehadscarcelyenteredtheroomwhenthephonerang.
=Scarcelyhadheenteredtheroomwhenthephonerang.
二、地点状语从句:
1、地点状语从句常用where,wherever来引导,如:
Wewillstaywhereyoustay.(where=intheplaceinwhich;where既连接主句与从句,又在从句中作副词修饰谓语stay。
)
IfoundmybookswhereIleftthem.
Whereverhehappenstobe,Johncanmakehimselfathome.
Hewillworkwhereverthepeopleneedhim.
Letmegowherever(=toanyplacetowhich)theylike(togo).
2、有时,-where构成的复合词也可以引导地点状语从句,如:
Everywheretheywent,theywerekindlyreceived/warmlywelcomed.
We’llgoanywherethePartydirectsus.
三、方式状语从句:
1、方式状语从句通常由as,asif,asthough来引导,如:
YoumustdotheexercisesasIshowyou.
Pleasedoexactlyasyourdoctorsays.
Itlooksasifitmightsnow/isgoingtosnow.
Heactedasif/thoughnothinghadhappened.
Hewalkedasifhewas/weredrunk.
Marywasbehavingasthoughshehadn’tgrownup.
2、在非正式文体或口语中,也可用theway(that)(=as=inthewayinwhich),how,like等来引导,如:
Jeandoesn’tdoitthewayIdo.
SheisdoingherworkthewayIlikeitdone.
Youcandothejobhowyoulike.
Thelandlordwaswatchinghimlike(=justas)acatwatchesamouse.
Doyoumakebreadlikeyoumakecakes?
like作连词的用法补充说明:
1).Conjunction(informal)(非正式):
inthesamewaythat;as
同…一样,如
Peoplewhochangecountriesliketheychangeclothes.
换国籍像换衣服一样的人。
2).asthough;asif好像,如同
IfeltlikeI'dbeenkickedbyacamel.我觉得好像被骆驼踢了似的。
四、程度状语从句:
程度状语从句可用tosuchanextentthat…/tosuchadegreethat…,tothedegree/extentthat,insofaras(“在…的范围内”)等来引导,如:
Thetemperaturerosetosuchanextentthatthefiremenhadtoleavetheburningbuilding.
Thetemperatureloweredtosuchadegreethatthewaterfroze.
试比较:
Thetemperaturerosesohighthatthefiremenhadtoleavetheburningbuilding.
Thetemperatureloweredsomuchthatthewaterfroze.
从以上例句可以看出,程度状语从句往往也表示达到某种程度时所引出的结果,所以程度状语从句和结果状语从句在意义上有相通之处。
Atthattimepoliticianswerenotknowntothedegreethattheyaretoday.那时政治家们并不像今天这样为人所知晓。
I'llhelpyouinsofarasIcan.我会尽我所能帮助你。
五、原因状语从句:
1、引导原因状语从句最常用的连词是because,since,和as,所引导的从句可以放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后。
其中because语势最强,since次之,as又次之。
△because通常表示说话人认为这种理由或原因是听话人所不知道的,全句强调的重点在原因上,不在主句表示的结果上。
回答why提出的问题时,只能用because;在强调句型中也只能用because从句,不能用since,as等,如:
BecauseIcan’tseeverywell,Ihavetositnearthefront.
Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn’tgowithus.
Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn’tcome.
△since和as引导的句子,重点在主句的内容,其原因或理由在说话人看来已很明显,或已为听话人所熟悉,since和as只是一种附带的说明原因,不是对原因进行强调,如:
Asheisworkinghard,heislikelytosucceed.
Sincehecan’tanswerthequestion,you’dbetterasksomeoneelse.
As/Sincehewasnotathome,Ispoketohisbrother.
Sinceyouinsist,Iwillreconsiderthematter.
Ashewasinahurry,helefthisbagathome.
△for是并列连词,它引导的句子只能后置。
表示因果关系时,可以和because换用;但当它用于对主句的内容加以解释或推断时,不能用because代替,如:
Hecouldn’thaveseenme,because/forIwasnothere.
Thegroundiswet,for/becauseitrainedlastnight.
Itrainedlastnight,forthegroundiswetthismorning.
△because之前可以加上simply,only,just等强调词,如:
Youshouldn’tgetangryjustbecausesomepeoplespeakillofyou.
2、复合连词也可以引导原因状语从句,这些连词有:
now(that),seeing(that),considering(that),forthereasonthat,byreasonthat,forfearthat,that等,如:
Now(that)(=Since)youmentionit,Idoremember.
Now(that)heisabsent,you’llhavetodotheworkbyyourself.
Now(=Since)therainhasstopped,let’sstart.
Seeing(that)alltheguestshavearrived,let’shavedinner.
Shedidn’tgoforfearthatshewouldgetlost.
Hehasdoneverywell,considering(that)hehasnoexperience.
Ihaven’tfinishedwritingthereportyet,notthat(=notbecause)Idislikethework,butthat(=butbecause)Ihavenottime.
Consideringthattheyarejustbeginners,theyaredoingquiteagoodjob.
3、在“主语+be+形容词+that”句型中,主语通常是人,形容词通常为:
glad,happy,pleased,sorry等表示感情的形容词,这时that可以看作原因状语从句,如:
Wearegladthat(=because)wehavereapedanotherbumperharvest.
I’mglad(that)youareallright.
Wearesurethatourteamwillwin.
I’mpleasedthatyouhavedecidedtocome.
六、结果状语从句
结果状语从句往往放在主句之后,通常主句是因,从句是果,这和原因状语从句刚好相反,例如:
Hewasill,sothathedidn’tcome.
Hedidn’tcomebecausehewasill.
1、结果状语从句通常用下列连词引导:
so…that,such(a)…that,suchthat,sothat,that等,例如:
Hewassoangrythathelefttheroomwithoutsayingaword.
ThebookiswritteninsuchsimpleEnglishthatwebeginnerscanunderstanditwithoutmuchdifficulty.
Itwassuchabadaccidentthatseveralpeoplegotinjured.
Hisdiligencewassuchthathemadegreatprogress.
Hedidn’tplanhistimewell,sothathedidn’tfinishtheworkintime.
Sheworriedsothatshecouldhardlyeathersupper.
WhathaveIdonethatyoushouldbesoangrywithme?
2、应注意的几个问题:
①在非正式文体中,由so…that,such(a)…that引导的结果状语从句,往往可以省略连词that,这时,从句之前往往用逗号与主句隔开,在口语中则用停顿表示省略。
Hewassotired(,)(that)hecouldhardlystand.
Peterissuchagoodboy(,)(that)heislovedbyeverybody.
Youwalksofast(that)Ican’tkeeppacewithyou.
Weleftinsuchahurry(that)weforgottolockthedoor.
Hewassorude(that)sherefusedtospeaktohim.
②当so修饰动词时,后面应稍停顿,如:
HisheartbeatsoΔthathecouldhardlybreathe.
SheworriedsoΔthatshecouldhardlyeathersupper.
③当so位于句首时,主句的语序应倒装,如:
Sobadlywasheinjuredthathehadtogotothehospital.
SosmallwasthemarkthatIcouldhardlyseeit.
七、目的状语从句
1、目的状语从句通常使用的连词有:
sothat,inorderthat,that,so。
否定的句式常用lest,incase,forfearthat来引导。
△目的状语从句中一般要有can,may,could,might,will,would,should等情态动词,如:
Bringitcloser(so)thatImayseeitbetter.
IputdownhisaddressforfearthatIshouldforgetit.
Theteachermustspeakclearlysothathisstudentscan/mayunderstandwell.
We’llsitnearerthefrontsowecanhearbetter.(非正式或口语)
Thedriverlookedovertheenginecarefullylestit(should)gowrongontheway.
PleaseremindmeofitagaintomorrowincaseIforget.
Takeanumbrellawithyou,incase(=forfearthat)itrains/itmayrain/itshouldrain.
Heleftearlyincaseheshouldmissthetrain.
2、sothat/so既可以引导目的状语从句,又可以引导结果状语从句,其区别可以根据上下文的意义来判断,也可以从其结构上来判断。
①凡在讲话时,sothat/so从句之前有停顿,在文字中sothat/so从句之前有逗号,则为结果状语从句,否则为目的状语从句,如:
Weallarrivedateight,so(that)themeetingbeganpromptly.(结果状语从句)
We’llcomeateightso(that)themeetingcanbeginearly.(目的状语从句)
②有时,由sothat或so引导的结果状语从句之前并没有逗号,这时,就要看从句中有没有can,may,could,might,will,would,should等情态动词,如果有,多半是目的状语从句,如果没有,多半是结果状语从句,如:
IamgoingtothelectureearlysothatI’llgetagoodseat.(目的状语从句)
IwenttothelectureearlysothatIgotagoodseat.(结果状语从句)
③目的状语从句可以移至句首,而结果状语从句不能前移,如:
Sothathecouldbeheardineveryroom,Johnspokethroughamicrophone.(目的状语从句)
Johnspokethroughamicrophonesothathewasheardineveryroom.(结果状语从句)
八、条件状语从句
1、条件状语从句通常用下列连词引导:
if,unless,supposing(that)(仅在问句中使用),suppose(that),incase,so/aslongas,sofaras,oncondition(that),provided(that)等,例如:
Incasehecomes,letmeknow.
Youcangoout,as/solongasyoupromisetobebackbeforeeleven.
Iwillcomeagaintomorrowprovided(that)Ihavetime.(=if)
Supposing(that)itrainstomorrow,whatshallwedo?
(=if)
Unlessyoutellhimyourself,he’lllosefaithinyoucompletely.
We’llletyouusetheroomonconditionthat/providedthatyoukeepitcleanandtidy.
2、有时可以把祈使句作为条件从句,祈使句后面要搭配and,如:
Cometomorrow,andIwilltellyou.
(=Ifyoucometomorrow,Iwilltellyou.)
Givehimaninchandhe’lltakeamile.
(=Ifyougivehimaninch,he’lltakeamile.)
注:
当表示否定的条件时,可用连词or或otherwise,如:
Hurryup,or(else)you’llbelate.
Makeupyourmind,oryou’llmissthechance.
Startatonce,or/otherwiseyou’llmissthetrain.
(=Ifyoudon’tstartatonce,you’llmissthetrain.)
(=U
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