传统语言学.docx
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传统语言学.docx
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传统语言学
传统语言学
内容提要词语搭配是语言学领域的一个非常重要的概念。
在语料库语言学研究中词语搭配是最为活跃的核心领域。
不论是基础理论研究,还是语言教学、词典编纂等应用研究,词语搭配对揭示语言的本质、特点和属性都起着十分重要的作用。
语义韵是一种特殊的词语搭配现象,是语料库语言学采用数据驱动方法研究词语搭配内部语义关系时发现的一种语义和谐机制,揭示了词语结伴使用时相互间的一种语义选择趋向关系。
研究搭配和语义韵机制,对汉语本体研究意义重大。
而二语学习者语言掌握不地道的根本原因之一也在于不能很好地掌握目的语中的词语搭配。
因此,搭配和语义韵研究对对外汉语教学也具有十分重要的意义。
本文基于中文语料库对汉语“改、变、改变、变化”四个近义词语的搭配和语义韵机制进行了考察,从高频搭配词、类联接形式、语义韵、形式标记四个方面分别进行了描述,从大量语料中得到四个词语的真实使用情况,并从语义和句法功能角度进行了详细辨析。
此外还基于北语HSK动态作文语料库,提取留学生作文中关于这四个词的语料,对学习者的掌握情况进行了小规模简单考察,也分别进行了描述,从类联接种类、典型或简单的类联接形式、语义韵、搭配不当四个角度总结了偏误类型,并从现有学习词典对比、学习者学习策略的影响两方面分析原因,提出教学建议。
总体来讲,本文属于基于实证的搭配和语义韵本体个案研究,其结论可望对对外汉语词语教学和学习词典编纂有一定的启示作用。
关键词:
搭配;语义韵;“改变”类词语AbstractCollocationisanimportantconceptoflinguisticsandappliedlinguisticsaswellasthecoredomainofcorpuslinguistics.Itplaysaveryimportantroleinrevealingthenature,characteristicsandpropertiesoflanguageinbothbasictheoreticalresearchandpracticalapplicationinlanguageteachingandlexicology.Collocationreferstotherecurrentco-occurrenceoftwoormorewordsinacertaingrammaticalpattern.Semanticprosodyisaspecialcollocationalphenomenon,andanimportantmechanismofsemanticharmonydiscoveredbycorpuslinguisticswithadata-drivenapproachwhenprobingintotheinternalsemanticrelationshipofcollocation.ItisofgreatsignificanceintheresearchofChineselanguagetostudycollocationandsemanticprosody.Becauseoneofthereasonswhysecondlanguagelearnerscannotproducefluentandidiomaticlanguageisthattheydonothaveagoodcommandofcollocationsinthetargetlanguage,itisalsoofpedagogicalvaluetoexplorecollocationandsemanticprosodyinteachingChineseasasecondlanguage.ThisthesisstudiesthecollocationandsemanticprosodyoffourChineseverbsindicatingchangesinfouraspects,i.e.high-frequencycollocates,featuresofcolligations,semanticprosodyandlanguageformmarkness.BasedonsomeChinesecorpora,thisthesisdiscriminatesthesemanticandsyntacticfunctionsofthefourverbs.Moreover,basedonalearners’corpusofHSKwritingassessment,thethesisdescribesthelearners’errorsofthefourverbsfromtheperspectiveoftypesandfeaturesofcolligations,semanticprosodyandunsuitablecollocations.Finally,thethesisanalysizesthecausesoftheerrorsandoffersadviceforlearningandteachingintermsoflexicologyandlearningstrategies.TheconclusiondrawnfromthisempiricalstudyisexpectedtobehelpfulintheresearchofChineselanguageandteachingChineseasasecondlanguage,especiallinvocabularyteachingandlearners’dictionarycompilation.KeyWords:
Collocation;SemanticProsody;VerbsIndicatingChanges目录第一章绪论....11.1研究总体描述...11.2选题缘由及研究动机...11.3课题研究目标...21.3.1研究范围界定...21.3.2课题研究目标...51.4研究方法...71.4.1对英语词语搭配的研究方法...71.4.2对英语词语语义韵的研究方法...71.4.3对汉语词语的搭配研究方法...81.4.4本文采用的方法...81.5理论基础...81.5.1语料库语言学理论...81.5.2语义学理论...91.5.3词语学理论...101.5.4中介语理论...101.6本章小结...10第二章相关研究综述....122.1国外词语搭配和语义韵研究综述...122.1.1搭配研究...122.1.2语义韵研究...152.2国内词语搭配和语义韵研究综述...162.2.1国内语料库语言学界词语搭配研究综述...162.2.2国内语料库语言学界语义韵研究综述...162.2.3国内汉语学界词语搭配研究综述...172.2.4国内应用语言学界词语搭配和语义韵研究综述...192.3国内外研究综述...212.4本章小结...23第三章基于语料库的“改变”类词语搭配和语义韵考察....243.1数据收集...243.2数据整理...243.2.1“改”的语料整理...253.2.2“变”的语料整理...253.3操作步骤...263.3.1跨距的确定...263.3.2统计量的选取...263.3.3操作步骤...273.4“改变”类词语右侧搭配和语义韵考察...283.4.1“改”.283.4.2“变”.363.4.3“改变”.453.4.4“变化”.523.5“改变”类词语左侧搭配考察...583.5.1“改”.593.5.2“变”.623.5.3“改变”.663.5.4“变化”.693.6本章小结...73第四章留学生“改变”类词语使用情况调查....774.1留学生“改变”类词语使用情况调查...774.1.1数据收集...774.1.2使用情况描述...774.1.3使用情况小结...874.2偏误原因分析...884.2.1现有学习词典的处理...884.2.2学习者母语干扰及学习策略影响...924.3教学建议...934.3.1学习词典编纂...934.3.2课堂教学对策...944.3.3加强本体研究...954.4本章小结...95第五章结语....975.1结论及意义...975.2不足与今后研究设想...995.2.1研究上的局限性...995.2.2今后研究设想...100附录....101参考文献....106致谢....110ContentsChapter1Introduction.......................................................................................11.1Ageneraloverviewoftheresearch.............................................................11.2Theresearchbackgrounds..........................................................................11.3Theresearchgoals........................................................................................21.3.1Theresearchscope............................................................................21.3.2Thereearchgoals.............................................................................51.4Theresearchmethods..................................................................................71.4.1TheresearchmethodsofcollocationofEnglishwords.................71.4.2TheresearchmethodsofsemanticprosodyofEnglishwords.....71.4.3TheresearchmethodsofcollocationofChinesewords................81.4.4Theresearchmethodsadoptedinthispaper.................................81.5Theoreticalbasis...........................................................................................81.5.1Thetheoryofcorpuslinguistics......................................................81.5.2Thetheoryofsemantics...................................................................91.5.3Thetheoryoflexis..........................................................................101.5.4Thetheoryofinterlannguage........................................................101.6Summary.....................................................................................................10Chapter2ReviewoftheLiterature.............................................................122.1Thereviewofoverseastudyofcollocationandsemanticprosody.........122.1.1Thereviewofcollocation...............................................................122.1.2Thereviewofsemanticprosody....................................................152.2Thereviewofdomesticstudyofcollocationandsemanticprosody.......162.2.1Collocationalstudybycorpuslinguistics......................................162.2.2Semanticprosodystudybycorpuslinguistics..............................162.2.3CollocationalstudybyChineselinguistics....................................172.2.4Collocationandsemanticprosodystudybyappliedlinguistics..192.3Thereviewofoverseaanddomesticstudy...............................................212.4Summary.....................................................................................................23Chapter3ACorpus-basedStudyofCollocationandSemanticProsodyofVerbsIndicatingChanges.............................................................................................243.1Datacollection.............................................................................................243.2Dataclassification.......................................................................................243.2.1Dataclassificationof“gai”............................................................253.2.2Dataclassificationof“bian”..........................................................253.3Theoperatingprocedures..........................................................................263.3.1Thearrangementofspan..............................................................263.3.2Theselectionofstatisticvalue........................................................263.3.3Theoperatingprocedures273.4Aninvestigationofcollocationandsemanticprosodyoftherightcollocatesoftheverbs283.4.1“gai”.................................................................................................283.4.2“bian”..............................................................................................363.4.3“gaibian”.........................................................................................453.4.4“bianhua”........................................................................................523.5Aninvestigationofcollocationoftheleftcollocatesoftheverbs............583.5.1“gai”.................................................................................................593.5.2“bian”..............................................................................................623.5.3“gaibian”.........................................................................................663.5.4“bianhua”........................................................................................693.6Summary.....................................................................................................73Chapter4ASurveyoftheUseoftheVerbsbyOverseasLearnersofChinese774.1AninvestigationoftheverbsbyoverseaslearnersofChinese...............774.1.1Datacollection.................................................................................774.1.2Learners’useoftheverbs..............................................................774.1.3Summary.........................................................................................874.2Thecausesoferrors...................................................................................884.2.1Definitionsandexplanationsinlearners’dictionaries.................884.2.2Influenceofthemothertongueandlearningstrategies..............924.3Thepedagogicaladvice..............................................................................934.3.1Aboutlearners’dictionaries...........................................................934.3.2Aboutteachingmethods..........................................
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