lesoon 8 Book 4.docx

lesoon 8 Book 4.docx

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lesoon8Book4

ContemporaryCollegeEnglish

Book4

Lesson8Globalization’sDualPower

I.LanguageStudy

（I）WordStudy

1.aliena.comingfromadifferentcountry,raceorgroup;foreign

It’sacountrythathashadanaliengovernmentandanalienlanguageimposedonitbyforce.

Ifindtheidealofsendingyoungchildrenofftoboardingschooltotallyalien.

n.aforeigner,esp.someonewholivesinacountryofwhichtheyarenotlegalcitizen

Whenwarbrokeoutthegovernmentroundedupthousandsofaliensandputthemintemporarycamps.

alienatev.a.tostopsupporting

b.tocausetofeelverydistantfromornotwelcometosomeonelese

Allthesechangestothenewspaperhavealienateditstraditionalreaders.

Tenyearsinprisonhavealienatedhimfromhisfamily.

n.alienation

2.antidoten.achemical,esp.adrug,whichlimitstheeffectsofapoison,orawayofpreventingoractingagainstsomethingbad

Anemonewasatthetimebelievedtobeanantidoteforscorpionpoison.

Regularexerciseisthebestantidotetotirednessanddepression.

3.backlashn.astrongfeelingamongagroupofpeopleinreactiontoatendencyorrecenteventsinsocietyorpolitics

Thenewpresidentencouragedthebacklashagainst“morallaxity”.

Theaccidenthasprovoked/producedabacklashamonglocalpeoplewhoclaimthattheroadisdangerous.

4.）bingen.anoccasionwhenanactivityisdoneinanextremeway,esp.eating,drinkingorspendingmoney

adrinking/eating/spendingbinge

Herillnessinvolvedperiodsofbinge-eatingandthenmakingherselfsick.

bingev.toeatinanuncontrolledway,sometimesasapartofanillness

ItendtobingeonchocolatewhenIamwatchingTV!

Shewentthroughperiodsofbinging（alsobinge-eating）.

5.boomn.aperiodofsuddengrowth,esp.onethatresultsinalotofmoneybeingmade

Thisyearhasseenaboominbooksales.

Theinsurancebusinesshasbeencharacterizedbyaviciouscycleofboomandbustascompaniesgoinandoutofbusinessesandpricesriseandfall.

boomv.

Here,aselsewhere,theleisureindustryisbooming.

6.bustn.aplacewherepeopleareallowedtoleavetheirrubbish（alsoarubbishdump）

I’mgoingtoclearouttheshedtomorrowandtakeeverythingIdon’t’wanttothebust.

Hisroomisabust.

bustv.a.tobreaksomething

b.toarrestsomebody

Ohno!

I’vebustedhisCDplayer.

Harryandhisgirlfriendbusteduplastweek.

Thepolicebustedhimbecausetheythinkhe’sinvolvedwithaterroristgroup.

bustn.anoccasionwhenpolicearrestpeoplewhoarethoughttohavebrokenthelaw

Intheirlatestdrugsbustpoliceenteredawarehousewherecocainedealersweremeeting.

busta.Whenacompanygoesbustitisforcedtoclosebecauseitisfinanciallyunsuccessful.

Morethantwentycompaniesinthedistrictwentbustduringthelastthreemonths.

7.clamor=clamourn.

a.aloudcomplaintaboutsomethingordemandforsomething

b.loudnoise,esp.madebypeople’svoices

Afterthebombing,therewasapublicclamorforvengeance.

Hepreferredsolitarywalksinthewildernesstotheclamorofthecity.

a.clamorous

Thenewspaperdevotedsevenpagestoaclamorouscallforindependence.

Theairwasfilledwithclamorous,excitedvoices.

v.clamor

Theresidentsareclamoringagainstthedumpingofchemicalwasteneartheirhouses.

8.complementv.tomatchtwodifferentthingstogetherwhosecombinedeffectisgreaterthanthatofeitherseparately

Strawberriesandcreamcomplementeachotherperfectly.

a.complementary

Myfamilyandmyjobbothplayanimportantpartinmylife,fulfillingseparatebutcomplementaryneeds.

9.conspicuouslyad.obviously;inawaythatiseasytonotice

Thetemple’sgrandwhitearchesroseconspicuouslyoverthedirtydecayingcity.

a.conspicuous

InChina,whereblackhairisthenorm,herblondehairwasconspicuous.

Hetriednottolookconspicuousandmovedslowlyalongthebackoftheroom.

n.conspicuousness

Antonym:

inconspicuous

10.constituentn.avoterinaparticularareaofthecountry

Asasenatorhewasexcellent—alwaystalkingtohisconstituentsandhearingtheirproblems.

constituencyn.anyoftheofficialareasofacountrythatelectsomeonetorepresentvotersnationally

TheMP’sconstituencycoversthecity’spoorestareas.

constitutev.toformormake

constituenta./n.

Womenconstituteabout10%oftheParliament.

Whatarethebasicconstituentsofthemixture?

Let’sconsiderseparatelytheconstituentpartsofthissentence.

11.dauntinga.intimidating;disheartening

Inspiteofunificationthecountrywasstillfacedwiththedauntingprospectofovercomingfourdecadesofdivision.

Antonym:

dauntless

dauntv.tomakesomeonefeelslightlyfrightenedorworriedabouttheirabilitytoachievesomething;todiscourage

Shewasnotatalldauntedbythesizeoftheproblem.

12.downturn=downswingn.

areductionintheamountorsuccessofsomething,suchasacountry’seconomicactivity

thecontinuingeconomicdownturn

Thereisevidenceofadownturninthebuildingtrade.

upturnn.（esp.ineconomics）animprovementoradvantageouschangetoahigherlevelorvalue

Investorsshouldnotexpectasharpupturnintheeconomy.

13.dwarfv.tocausetoappearsmallbycomparison

Thenewskyscraperwilldwarfallthosenearit.

Thisnewfinancialcrisismaywelldwarfmostthathavegonebefore.

dwarfn.apersonwhoismuchsmallerthantheusualsize

Theyhavecampaignedformanyyearsagainstthediscriminationexperiencedbydwarfs/dwarves.

a.dwarf

14.ensuev.tohappenaftersomethingelse,esp.asaresultofit

Thepoliceofficersaidthathehadplacedthemanunderarrestandthatascufflehadensued.

Boredomoftenensuesfrominactivity.

a.ensuing

Helosthisjobandintheensuingmonthsbecamemoreandmoredepressed.

Anargumentbrokeoutandintheensuingfight,agunwentoff.

15.erodev.toruborberubbedawaygradually

Windandrainhaveerodedthestatuesintotheshapelesslumpsofstone.

Thecliffsareerodingby/atseveralfeetayear.

Hisbehavioroverthelastfewmonthshaserodedmyconfidenceinhisjudgment.

a.erosion

16.glutn.asupplyofsomethingthatismuchgreaterthancanbesoldorisneededorwanted

Thefallindemandforcoffeecouldcauseagluton/inthemarket,forcingsomeproducerstocutprices.

Thereisaglutoflarge,expensivehouseslyingemptyandunsold.

17.implodev.tofallinwardswithforce

Thevacuuminsidethetubecausedittoimplodewhentheexternalairpressurewasincreased.

Theireconomyisindangerofimplodingbecauseofmassiveforeigndebts.

n.implosion

Compareexplode

18.inepta.notskilledoreffective

Someonehadmadeanineptattempttoirontheskirts.

Hewasalwaysratherineptatsport.

Hewascriticizedforhisinepthandlingofthesituation.

n.ineptitude

political/social/economicineptitude

Thenewspapereditorialcorrectlypointedoutthegovernment’sineptitudeindealingwiththeozonecrisis.

19.）irreversiblea.notpossibletochange

Helistedsomeoftheirreversibleeffectsofageing.

Technologyhashadanirreversibleimpactonsociety.

ad.irreversibly

20.maximizev.tomakesomethingasgreatinamount,sizeorimportanceaspossible

Tomaximizeourwalkingtime,weshouldbereadytostartatdawn.

n.maximization

Thecompanyisstrivingforthemaximizationofprofits.

n.maximum

tothemaximum:

tothegreatestpossibledegree

a.maximal

Evenwhenthebrainhasattaineditsmaximalsizeandstructure,signalsfromthebodyandtheenvironmentarestillconstantlychangingit.

Compare

minimizeminimizationminimumminimal

21.mergern.theunionoftwoormorecommercialinterestorcorporations

Theirmergerofthetwocompanieswouldcreatetheworld’sbiggestaccountingfirm.

TheGermantyrecompanyisholdingmergertalkswithitsIndianrival.

v.merge

Thecountry’stwobiggestbanksareplanningtomergeinordertofightoffcompetitionfromabroad.

Afterawhilethenarrowtrackmergeswithawiderpath.

22.prevailv.toexistandbeacceptedamongalargenumberofpeople,ortogetapositionofcontrolandinfluence

Thisisastrangecustomthatstillprevails.

Didgreedprevailovergenerosity?

a.prevailing/prevalent

n.prevalence

Theprevailingmoodisoneofoptimism.

Undertheprevailinglaw,thegovernmentcannotannulsuchmarriages.

Thesediseasesaremoreprevalentamongyoungchildren.

Theprevalenceofdrugsintheinnercitiesisalarming.

23.pronea.a.tendingtosufferfromanillnessorshowaparticularnegativecharacteristic

b.lyingonthefrontwiththefacedown

You’remorepronetoillnesseswhenyou’retiredandyourbodyisrun-down.

YouhavetobearinmindthatAngelaisratherpronetoexaggeration.

Thephotographshowedamanlyingproneonthepavement,apuddleofbloodabouthishead.

a.-prone:

combiningform

accident-prone,injury-prone

24.propelv.tocausesomethingtomoveforwards

arocketpropelledbygrenade

Mr.Henrysaidthatthecountrywasbeingpropelledtowardscivilwar.

Apropellingpencilormechanicalpencilisapencilinwhichtheleadcanbepushedforwardbyturningorpressingapartofthepencil.

25.retardv.tomake（something）slower

Icyroadsretardedtheirprogressthroughthemountains.

Ariseininterestrateswouldseverelyretardeconomicgrowth.

a.retarded

n.retardation

Theprogramofferslong-termcarefortheelderlyandintermediatecareforthementallyretarded.

Thedrugstakenbythewomenwhiletheywerepregnantcausedgrowthretardationintheirchildren.

26.slumpn.recession

Therehasbeenaslumpindemandforbeefeversincetherecenthealthscare.

Thehotelindustry,likemosti