形容词副词同型.docx
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形容词副词同型.docx
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形容词副词同型
副词和形容词同形(AdverbsandAdjectivesIdenticalinForm)
有的形容词同副词在词形上完全一样,但形容词起的是定语作用,而副词起的却是状语作用。
如:
Anearlyrisergetsupearly.
Afasttraintravelsfast.
Dailynewspapersarepublisheddaily.
Thisishardwork.Wehavetoworkhard.
区别副词和形容词常常依靠该词句法功能。
如:
gostraight,tellsomeonestraight中为副词。
在短语setsomeone/somethingstraight,putsomeone/somethingstraight,drinkwhiskystraight,keepone’sfacestraight中的straight看作形容词,因straight在些起宾语补足语的作用。
英语中常有成对的副词:
一个不带-ly,另一个由形容词加后缀-ly构成。
这种有-ly的副词有时可同无-ly的副词互换,有时两者的用法和意义不一。
但一般来说没有后缀-LY的副词表示动作所造成的结果、状态或给人的感觉,而,带有后缀-LY的副词则表示的动作方式。
如:
bright,brightly
cheap,cheaply
Shesellshergoodscheap.(cheap可用cheaply替换。
在较为随便的谈话中,当动词是buy,sell时,常用cheap.
clean,cleanly
Thisknifecutscleanly.
Thebulletwentcleanthroughthewall.
Cleanthrough=rightthrough.作副词的clean含义为completely,right.在非正式语体里,它常跟动词forget,介词over,through,副词away,out连用。
如:
SorryIdidn’tturnup---ICLEANFORGOT.
Theballsailedcleanovertheroof.
Theprisonergotcleanaway.
I’mafraidI’mcleanoutof(=havenomore)food.
clear,clearly
Standclearofthedoorsofthetrain.
副词clear跟of一起时,意为awayfrom,nottouching.
Hethrewherclearacrosstheroom.
Clearacross=rightacross
“Isaiditveryloudandclear(clear=clearly);Iwentandshoutedinhisear.”
HespokesoclearlythatIcouldheareveryword.
close,closely
Comeclose;Iwanttotellyousomething.(作副词时,“接近地,”“紧密地”,表具体近的程度)
Theboyfollowedclosebehindhisfather.
Thefellowstoodcloseagainstthewall.
副词close是near之意,过去分词前常用closely.如:
Theteacherwascloselyfollowedbyhispupils.
Closely表示一种抽象的概念,“紧密地”“密切地”“严密地”。
WeshouldcloselybeunitedaroundChairmanJiang.
Shecloselyresembleshermother.
Watchhimclosely.(=carefully,withattention)
dead,deadly
Theroadisverydangerous.Godeadslow.(=exactly,completely,slow,可用slowly替换)
还有deaddrunk,deadtired,deadright,deadsure,deadcertain等与deadslow同.
Don’ttouchthat.It’sdeadly.(=adj.;fatal,causingdeath)
It’sdeadlypoisonous.(=very)
Ican’treadthis.It’sdeadlydull.(=very)
Deep,deeply
Deep作副词时,常用来表示具体的深度,“深地”,修饰静止的状态和具体的动作。
而deeply用来修饰情感的动词、形容词和过去分词,表示抽象的概念。
Ourteachersoftenworkdeepintothenight.
Hehadtodigdeeptofindwater.
Weweredeeplymovedbywhathehaddone.
I’mdeeplygratefulforthehelpyougaveme.
direct,directly
Thesenewlawsconcernusalldirectly.(=inadirectway“直接地”)
Let’smeetdirectly(=immediately)afterlunch;thenI‘lltakeyoudirecttoyourroom.(=withoutdeviation,主要用于说及旅行和时间表,指空间、距离,如行程中的不停顿、不绕道,”直接地““不绕(圈)地”)
HeflewdirecttoNewYork.
Hecameandreporteditdirecttome.
Heshouldbetheredirectly.
Shedrovedirectlytoschool.
Shedrovedirecttoschool.
Thenextflightdoesn’tgodirecttoRome,itgoesbywayofParis.
easy,easily
A:
Ican’ttakethistableeasily(=withoutdifficulty).
B:
Yes,butgoeasy(=Don’tberough)withit.It’sanantique.Easy作为副词用在一些固定搭配中。
如:
takeiteasy(=relax);Standeasy!
(amiitarycommand);Easycome,easygo(=Whatwegetwithoutdifficultyisquicklylost).
fair,fairly
I’vemarkedyouressayfairly(=justly,honestly,accordingtotherules),andIcanassureyou(that)it’sfairly(=quite,rather)good.
Hetoldthefactsfairly.
Fair作副词只用在playfair,speakfair,tohitsomethingfairandsquare中。
fine,finely
Thatsuitsmefine.
You’redoingfine.
Fineadv.=well,一般用在口语中;若某东西finelycut或finelychopped,意为cutintoverysmallpieces.
firm,firmly
Ifwestandfirm,(=unyield)Ifirmlybelieveweshallsucceed.
Theguardisstandingfirmattheentrancetothecamp.
Holdthispostfirm(=firmly)whileIhammeritintotheground.
Theboyfirmlycaughtholdoftherope.
有的词典认为standfirm,stayfirm,setfirm,holdfirm中的firm为adj.
free,freely
Youcaneatfree(=withoutpayment)inmyrestaurantwheneveryoulike.
Don’tletthedogrunfree.(=inafreemanner)
Youcanspeakfreely(=withoutlimitationorrestriction)infrontofGeorge---heknowseverything.
hard,hardly
Youhaveworkedhardtoday.(=diligently,strenuously)
You’vehardlyeatenanything.(=almostnot)
high,highly
He’sveryambitious:
heaimshigh.
Throwtheballashighasyoucan.
Canyoujumpthathigh?
Heheldhisheadhigh.
此处high为高度(height)及位置(position)用作副词时,指具体的高度。
Highly指抽象概念的高,常用来修饰形容词的分词和用在一些常见的搭配中。
如:
Heisahighlyskilledworker.
Theheadmasterthinkshighlyofmyteaching.
He’shighlyintelligent,highlytrained.(==toahigdegree;verymuch)
用于比喻意义时常用highly,如:
Theyspeakhighlyofyou.
just,justly
Hewasjustlypunishedforhiscrimes.(=inaccordancewithjusticeorthelaw公正地,正当地).
Thejudgedealedthecasejustly.
Weeachweretreatedjustly.
I’vejustbeenreadingaveryinterestingbook.(=amomentago,exactly,merely)
Dojustasyoulike.(正好)
Heisjustanordinaryman(仅仅).
I’mjustoutofhospital.
Heisjustachild,don’tquarrelwithhim.
late,lately
Everymorningthisweekshehasarriv
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