ROMULUS.docx
- 文档编号:5796466
- 上传时间:2023-01-01
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:36
- 大小:45.56KB
ROMULUS.docx
《ROMULUS.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ROMULUS.docx(36页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
ROMULUS
75AD
ROMULUS
Legendary,8thCenturyB.C.
byPlutarch
translatedbyJohnDryden
Fromwhom,andforwhatreason,thecityofRome,anamesogreatin
glory,andfamousinthemouthsofallmen,wassofirstcalled,
authorsdonotagree.SomeareofopinionthatthePelasgians,
wanderingoverthegreaterpartofthehabitableworld,andsubduing
numerousnations,fixedthemselveshere,and,fromtheirowngreat
strengthinwar,calledthecityRome.Others,thatatthetakingof
Troy,somefewthatescapedandmetwithshipping,puttosea,and
drivenbywinds,werecarrieduponthecoastsofTuscany,andcame
toanchoroffthemouthoftheriverTiber,wheretheirwomen,out
ofheartandwearywiththesea,onitsbeingproposedbyoneofthe
highestbirthandbestunderstandingamongstthem,whosenamewas
Roma,burnttheships.Withwhichactthemenatfirstwereangry,but
afterwards,ofnecessity,seatingthemselvesnearPalatium,where
thingsinashortwhilesucceededfarbetterthantheycouldhope,
inthattheyfoundthecountryverygood,andthepeoplecourteous,
theynotonlydidtheladyRomaotherhonours,butaddedalsothis,of
callingafterhernamethecitywhichshehadbeentheoccasionof
theirfounding.Fromthis,theysay,hascomedownthatcustomatRome
forwomentosalutetheirkinsmenandhusbandswithkisses;because
thesewomen,aftertheyhadburnttheships,madeuseofsuch
endearmentswhenentreatingandpacifyingtheirhusbands.
SomeagainsaythatRoma,fromwhomthiscitywassocalled,was
daughterofItalusandLeucaria;or,byanotheraccount,of
Telaphus,Hercules'sson,andthatshewasmarriedtoAeneas,or,
accordingtoothersagain,toAscanius,Aeneas'sson.Sometellus
thatRomanus,thesonofUlyssesandCirce,builtit;some,Romus,the
sonofEmathion,DiomedehavingsenthimfromTroy;andothers,Romus,
kingoftheLatins,afterdrivingouttheTyrrhenians,whohadcome
fromThessalyintoLydia,andfromthenceintoItaly.Thosevery
authors,too,who,inaccordancewiththesafestaccount,makeRomulus
givethenameofthecity,yetdifferconcerninghisbirthandfamily.
Forsomesay,hewassontoAeneasandDexithea,daughterof
Phorbas,andwas,withhisbrotherRemus,intheirinfancy,carried
intoItaly,andbeingontheriverwhenthewaterscamedownina
flood,allthevesselswerecastawayexceptonlythatwheretheyoung
childrenwere,whichbeinggentlylandedonalevelbankoftheriver,
theywerebothunexpectedlysaved,andfromthemtheplacewas
calledRome.Somesay,Roma,daughteroftheTrojanladyabove
mentioned,wasmarriedtoLatinus,Telemachus'sson,andbecamemother
toRomulus;othersthatAemilia,daughterofAeneasandLavinia,had
himbythegodMars;andothersgiveyoumerefablesofhisorigin.
FortoTarchetius,theysay,kingofAlba,whowasamostwickedand
cruelman,thereappearedinhisownhouseastrangevision,amale
figurethatroseoutofahearth,andstayedthereformanydays.
TherewasanoracleofTethysinTuscanywhichTarchetiusconsulted,
andreceivedananswerthatavirginshouldgiveherselftothe
apparition,andthatasonshouldbebornofher,highlyrenowned,
eminentforvalour,goodfortune,andstrengthofbody.Tarchetius
toldtheprophecytooneofhisowndaughters,andcommandedhertodo
thisthing;whichsheavoidingasanindignity,sentherhandmaid.
Tarchetius,hearingthis,ingreatangerimprisonedthemboth,
purposingtoputthemtodeath,butbeingdeterredfrommurderby
thegoddessVestainadream,enjoinedthemfortheirpunishmentthe
workingawebofcloth,intheirchainsastheywere,whichwhen
theyfinished,theyshouldbesufferedtomarry;butwhateverthey
workedbyday,Tarchetiuscommandedotherstounravelinthenight.
Inthemeantime,thewaiting-womanwasdeliveredoftwoboys,whom
TarchetiusgaveintothehandsofoneTeratius,withcommandto
destroythem;he,however,carriedandlaidthembytheriverside,
whereawolfcameandcontinuedtosucklethem,whilebirdsofvarious
sortsbroughtlittlemorselsoffood,whichtheyputintotheir
mouths;tillacowherd,spyingthem,wasfirststrangelysurprised,
but,venturingtodrawnearer,tookthechildrenupinhisarms.
Thustheyweresaved,andwhentheygrewup,setuponTarchetiusand
overcamehim.ThisonePromathionsays,whocompiledahistoryof
Italy.
Butthestorywhichismostbelievedandhasthegreatestnumber
ofvoucherswasfirstpublished,initschiefparticulars,amongstthe
GreeksbyDioclesofPeparethus,whomFabiusPictoralsofollowsin
mostpoints.Hereagaintherearevariations,butingeneraloutline
itrunsthus:
thekingsofAlbareignedinlinealdescentfromAeneas,
andthesuccessiondevolvedatlengthupontwobrothers,Numitorand
Amulius.Amuliusproposedtodividethingsintotwoequalshares,
andsetasequivalenttothekingdomthetreasureandgoldthatwere
broughtfromTroy.Numitorchosethekingdom;butAmulius,having
themoney,andbeingabletodomorewiththatthanNumitor,took
hiskingdomfromhimwithgreatease,and,fearinglesthisdaughter
mighthavechildren,madeheraVestal,boundinthatcondition
forevertoliveasingleandmaidenlife.ThisladysomecallIlia,
othersRhea,andothersSilvia;however,notlongafter,shewas,
contrarytotheestablishedlawsoftheVestals,discoveredtobewith
child,andshouldhavesufferedthemostcruelpunishment,hadnot
Antho,theking'sdaughter,mediatedwithherfatherforher;
nevertheless,shewasconfined,anddebarredallcompany,thatshe
mightnotbedeliveredwithouttheking'sknowledge.Intimeshe
broughtforthtwoboys,ofmorethanhumansizeandbeauty,whom
Amulius,becomingyetmorealarmed,commandedaservanttotakeand
castaway;thismansomecallFaustulus,otherssayFaustuluswas
themanwhobroughtthemup.Heputthechildren,however,ina
smalltrough,and.wenttowardstheriverwithadesigntocastthem
in;but,seeingthewatersmuchswollenandcomingviolentlydown,was
afraidtogonearer,anddroppingthechildrennearthebank,went
away.Theriveroverflowing,thefloodatlastboreupthetrough,
and,gentlywaftingit,landedthemonasmoothpieceofground,which
theynowcalledCermanus,formerlyGermanus,perhapsfromGermaniwith
signifiesbrothers.
Nearthisplacegrewawildfig-tree,whichtheycalledRuminalis,
eitherfromRomulus(asitisvulgarlythought),orfromruminating,
becausecattledidusuallyintheheatofthedayseekcoverunderit,
andtherechewthecud;or,better,fromthesucklingofthese
childrenthere,fortheancientscalledthedugorteatofany
creatureruma;andthereisatutelargoddessoftherearingof
childrenwhomtheystillcallRumilia,insacrificingtowhomtheyuse
nowine,butmakelibationsofmilk.Whiletheinfantslayhere,
historytellsus,ashe-wolfnursedthem,andawoodpecker
constantlyfedandwatchedthem;thesecreaturesareesteemedholy
tothegodMars;thewoodpeckertheLatinsstillespeciallyworship
andhonour.Whichthings,asmuchasany,gavecredittowhatthe
motherofthechildrensaid,thattheirfatherwasthegodMars;
thoughsomesaythatitwasamistakeputuponherbyAmulius,who
himselfhadcometoherdressedupinarmour.
Othersthinkthatthefirstriseofthisfablecamefromthe
children'snurse,throughtheambiguityofhername;fortheLatins
notonlycalledwolveslupoe,butalsowomenoflooselife;andsuch
anonewasthewifeofFaustulus,whonurturedthesechildren,Acca
Larentiabyname.TohertheRomansoffersacrifices,andinthemonth
ofAprilthepriestofMarsmakeslibationsthere;itiscalledthe
LarentianFeast.TheyhonouralsoanotherLarentia,forthe
followingreason:
thekeeperofHercules'stemplehaving,itseems,
littleelsetodo,proposedtohisdeityagameatdice,layingdown
that,ifhehimselfwon,hewouldhavesomethingvaluableofthe
god;butifhewerebeaten,hewouldspreadhimanobletable,and
procurehimafairlady'scompany.Upontheseterms,throwingfirst
forthegodandthenforhimself,hefoundhimselfbeaten.Wishing
topayhisstakeshonourably,andholdinghimselfboundbywhathehad
said,hebothprovidedthedietyagoodsupper,andgivingmoneyto
Larentia,theninherbeauty,thoughnotpubliclyknown,gavehera
feastinthetemple,wherehehadalsolaidabed,andaftersupper
lockedherin,asifthegodwerereallytocometoher.Andindeed,
itissaid,thedeitydidtrulyvisither,andcommandedherinthe
morningtowalktothemarketplace,and,whatevermanshemetfirst,
tosalutehim,andmakehimherfriend.ShemetonenamedTarrutius,
whowasamanadvancedinyears,fairlyrich,withoutchildren,and
hadalwayslivedasinglelife.HereceivedLarentia,andlovedher
well,andathisdeathlefthersoleheirofallhislargeandfair
possessions,mostofwhichshe,inherlastwillandtestament,
bequeathedtothepeople.Itwasreportedofher,beingnowcelebrated
andesteemedthemistressofagod,thatshesuddenlydisappearednear
theplacewherethefirstLarentialayburied;thespotisatthisday
calledVelabrum,because,theriverfrequentlyoverflowing,they
wentoverinferry-boatssomewherehereaboutstotheforum,the
Latinwordforferryingbeingvelatura.Othersderivethenamefrom
velum,asail;becausetheexhibitorsofpublicshowsusedtohangthe
roadthatleadsfromtheforumtotheCircusMaximuswithsails,
beginningatthisspot.UpontheseaccountsthesecondLarentiais
honouredatRome.
MeantimeFaustulus,Amulius'sswineherd,broughtupthechildren
withoutanyman'sknowledge;or,asthosesa
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- ROMULUS