非谓语动词讲义自编.docx
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非谓语动词讲义自编.docx
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非谓语动词讲义自编
非谓语动词讲义
Ⅰ.非谓语动词的形式及含义
1.不定式
主动被动
一般式
完成式
进行式
完成进行式
2.动词的-ing
主动被动
一般式
完成式
3.过去分词
Ⅱ.主语:
不定式和动名词
1.不定式
Toseeistobelieve.
Nottogetthereintimeisyourfault.
注:
常用it做形式主语,将todo放在位于之后,使句子保持平衡。
句型1:
It+谓语+todo
Ittakesusanhour___gettherebybus.
句型2:
It’s+n.+todo
It’sourduty__helpthepoor.
Itisagreatenjoyment__spendourholidayinthemountains
句型3:
Itisadj.for/ofsb.todosth.
Itis+adj+forsbtodosth
Itis+adj+ofsbtodosth
Itiseasy______metofinishthisworkbeforeten.
Itisagreathonor_____ustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.
Itisverykind_____youtogivemesomehelp.
It'simpolite_____youtospeaktotheteacherlikethat.
=youareimpolitetospeaktotheteacherlikethat.
2.动名词
1).Seeingisbelieving
2).Learninglanguagesisveryusefultome.
3).Readingaloudinthereading-roomisabadhabit.
4).It’snousetalkinglikethat
Note:
.动名词的复合结构
动名词前可以加一个物主代词或名词所有格来表示这个动名词逻辑上的主语,构成动名词的复合结构或动名词短语
1).物主代词/名词所有格+动名词在句中作主语:
Mary`scominglatemadeherteacherangry.
Doyoumindmysmoking?
Doyoumindmyreadingyourpaper?
Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.
Rose’sgoingwon’tbeofmuchhelp.
2).人称代词宾格/名词+动名词在句中作宾语:
I`msureofhimcomingontime.
Hehasneverheardofawomanbeingapilot.
Idon’tmindJack(him)going.
Shehatesyoungpeople(them)smoking.
Ⅲ宾语:
不定式和动名词
1.接不定式做宾语Iwanttoknowthismatter.
Idon’texpecttomeetyouhere.
常见动词有:
like,demand,expect,promise,begin,determine,refuse,offer,fail,manage,learn,seem,intend,prefer,forget,mean,prepare,pretend,continue,start,afford,hate等
1.)Theywanted____(get)onthebus,didn’tthey?
2.)Hesaidhewished______(be)aprofessor.
3.)Iagreed______(go)therewiththedoctor.
4.)Mydaughterpreferred______(dance)whenshewasinhertwenties.
5.)Hehadpromised______(give)meahand.
常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词:
tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,explain…know,show,discover,see(understand)
Hetaughtushowtousethetool.
Noonecouldtellmewheretogetthebook.
Ihopeyou’lladvisemewhattodo.
Idon'tknowhowtogetthere.
Ihaven'tdecidedwhethertogoorstay.
注意下列动词
①
Begin+todo/doing
start
continue
②
bear
like
love+todo/doing
hate
prefer
③
remember
forget+todo/doing
regret
④
try
mean
stop+todo/doing
goon
1.Boys,don'tforget_____thewindowsbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.
A.closing B.closed C.toclosing D.toclose
2.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_______onabigrock.
A.tohaverested B.resting C.torest D.rest
3.Remember_______thelightswhenyouleavetheoffice.
A.toturnoff B.turningoff C.turnoff D.toturningoff
it作形式宾语
Ifind/feeltoworkwithhiminteresting
Ifind/feelitinterestingtoworkwithhim.
注意:
不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后,而用it作形式宾语。
Subject+find/think/feel/make/consider…it+adj/n+todosth.
1.We thought ___ better ___ start early.
2.Do you consider ___ better not __ go?
3. I feel __ my duty __ change all that.
4.Wethink__important__obeythelaw.
5.Iknow__impossible__finishsomuchhomeworkinaday.
用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空,使句子完整、正确。
1.Letme______(help)you_______(water)theflowers.
2.LittleSandywouldlove_______(take)tothecinemathisevening.
2.动名词
①S.+vt.+doing
a)allowadviseforbidpermitconsider
Wedon’tallowpeopletofishhere.
我们不准人们在这儿钓鱼。
Peoplearenotallowedtofishhere.
人们不准在这儿钓鱼。
b)mindenjoyimaginesuggestmentionfeellikeriskadmitavoidstand
②作介词/短语动词的宾语:
S.+v.+prep.+doing
e.g.①Shesattherewithout(speak)
②Ilookforwardto(see)himagain.
③Areyouusedto(live)therealone?
④Whenmyfatherheardthenews,hecouldn'thelp(laugh).
⑤Idon`tfeellike(go)toseethefilm.
⑥Hewasbusy(prepare)hislessons.
带to介词的动词短语是:
含有介词in的句型:
③主动表被动:
①Theroomwants(clean).
②Themethodneeds(improve).
③Thispairofshoesrequire(mend).
④Theproblemneeds(workout).
⑤Thequestioniswellworth(discuss)
哪些动词有这样用法:
d)动词“like,love,hate,prefer”后接动名词表示“习惯性动作”,后接不定式表示“心理或一次具体动作”。
当用在should,would之后时,只跟不定式。
例如:
Ilikeswimming,butIdon’tliketoswimthisafternoon.
Whatwouldyouliketoeattonight?
你今晚上想吃什么?
Ⅳ表语:
不定式,动名词,过去分词,现在分词
1.不定式
1).Her job is to clean the hall.
2).He appears to have caught a cold.
3).Thegreathappinessistoprepareforthe2008OlympicGamesinBeijing.
Note:
2动名词
1).Myfavoritesportsisswimming.
2).HisjobisteachingEnglish.
3).Thebooksareveryinteresting.
Note:
3、现在分词
Shewastoofrightenedtomove.她被吓得一动不动。
Whatyousaidisreallyinspiring. 你所说的真令从鼓舞。
Note:
4.过去分词
1).Thedoorremainedlocked.
2).Helookedveryexcited.
过去分词作表语时,相当于形容词,常见的有:
•Delighted,disappointed,discouraged,drunk,
•amused,astonished,hurt,interested,crowded,tired,satisfied,pleased,surprised,worried,excited,married,puzzled,upset
Note:
Ⅴ.定语:
不定式,动名词,现在分词,过去分词
1.不定式
Ihavesomethingtotellyou.
1)不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系
Doyouhaveanythingtowashtoday?
Doyouhaveanythingtobewashedtoday?
(区别主被动)
2)不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容
Ihavenochancetogothere.
如:
chance,
3)Sheisthelasttoleavetheroom.
Note:
4)不定式为不及物动词时,须加介词
Heislookingforaroomtolivein.
Exercise:
1).Thehouseisnotbigenoughforusall_______.
A.tolivein B.tobelivedinC.toliveD.forlivingin
2).Wouldyoupleasepassmetheknife_______?
A.tocutthefruitwith B.tocutthefruit
C.cuttingthefruit D.cuttingthefruitwith
3).Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.pleasefindapieceofpaper(写上)
4).Excuseme,couldIuseyourpenforamoment?
Ihavenopen(写)
动词不定式做定语
注意:
如果不定式是不及物的,它后面就应有必要的介词。
如:
Heislookingforaroomtolivein.
Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith.
2.单个的-ing形式作定语(一般在名词的前面)可分为三类:
(1)表示正在进行的动作
asleepingchildfallingleaves
developingcountriesworkingpeople
note:
(2)表示所修饰名词的用途
awalkingstickasleepingcar
climbingbootsaswimmingpool
note:
(3)形容词化的-ing形式
aninterestingbookamovingstory
Asurprisingresultshockingnews
Note:
4)-ing短语作定语(一般在名词的后面),相当于定语从句。
1.Welivedinthehousefacingthesouth.
Welivedinthehousewhichfacedthesouth.
2.Thefactorybeingbuiltwilloffermanyjobs.
Thefactorywhichisbeingbuiltwilloffermanyjobs.
3.Tom,arrivinglate,wasnotpermittedtoentertheclassroom.
Tom,whoarrivedlate,wasnotpermittedtoentertheclassroom.
Note:
3.过去分词作定语在意义上有两种可能:
表示被动和完成,只表完成。
如:
thequestiondiscussedyesterday
昨天讨论的问题 (既表示被动也表示完成)
thefallenleaves developedcountriesboiledwater
Exercise:
1.a______face一张令人害怕的脸a________face一张受了惊吓的脸
A_______student一个令人满意的学生a_______student一个自满的学生
2.thestudents______(seat)atthebackoftheclassroom
thestudents______(sit)atthebackoftheclassroom
3.aman______(devote)tohelpingthedisabled
aman_______(devote)himselftohelpingthedisabled
4.aman________(call)Tom
aman________(call)himselfTom
5.themeeting________yesterday
themeeting________now(hold)
themeeting_________tomorrow
Ⅵ宾语补足语:
不定式,现在分词,过去分词
1.不定式
1)带to的不定式
Mother told me ___ come back before 10 o’clock.
I’ll get someone ___ repair the recorder for you.
What caused him ___ change his mind?
I wish you ___ come as soon as possible.
Heaskedme___dotheworkwithhim
如:
2)不带to的不定式
I often hear them (sing) this song.
Did you notice anyone (come )in ?
I would have him (wait) for me for a long time.
Look at the horse jump.
如:
注意:
1)Heisoftenheard________thesong·
2)He was seen _______ the room.
3)Thoughheoftenmadehisdeskmate______(cry),todayhewasmade_______(cry)byhisdeskmate.
2.现在分词
WhenIenteredtheroom,hesawhimwatchingTV.
Ifoundawalletlyingontheground.
Weheardsomeonesinginginthenextroom.
Theykeptmewaitingforalongtime.
常用-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有:
see,watch,hear,feel,find,get,keep,notice,have等。
See,hear,feel,watch,notice等动词既可有跟不定式也可跟-ing形式作宾补。
两者有区别是:
3过去分词
1.IoftenhearthesongsunginEnglish.
2.Shefoundthedoorclosed.
3.Imustgetmybikerepaired.
4.Hewastryingtomakehimselfunderstood.
可以跟过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有:
see,hear,notice,watch,keep,find,get,have,feel等
A)Iheardmybrother(singing,sung)inthenextroom
B)Iheardthesong(singing,sung)inEnglish.
Ⅶ作状语:
不定式和分词
1.不定式
1.)Shewenttothevillagetoseehergrandparents.
2).Ioftenuseacomputertowritearticles
3)Icameheretoseeyou.(目的)
4)Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.(原因)
5)Hehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.(结果)
动词不定式的一些特殊结构常作状语。
soas/inorder + 不定式
Inordertogetthereontime,wegetupearlier.
Shecheckedthenamescarefullysoastoavoidmistakes.
(Inorder)tocatchthefirstbus,Ihavetogetupearly.
so+adj.+astodo;such+n+astodo
Hewassoangryastobeunabletospeak.
Wearenotsuchfoolsastobelievehim.
too……todo….
Themathsproblemistoodifficult(forme)toworkout.
Note:
enough……todo…..
Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.
onlyto……(表示未曾料到的结果)
Theyliftarockonlytodropitontheirownfeet.
Iwenttoseehimonlytofindhimout.
形容词 + todo
Iamgladtohearthat.
Note:
这一结构中,主语可以是人,也可是物。
1).Thisquestionisdifficulttoanswer.
2).Hiswordsiseasytounderstand.
3).Heiseasytogetonwith.
4).Thechairiscomfortabletositon.
5).Theiceisthickenoughtowalkon.
Note:
2.分词
现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别
现在分词表主动进行,过去分词表被动完成
1)(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,wecanseeabeautifulfactory.
(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,thefactorylooksbeautiful.
2)(Hearing/heard)thebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.
3)(Giving/G
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