高考英语一轮复习Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars教学案新人教版必修3.docx
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高考英语一轮复习Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars教学案新人教版必修3.docx
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高考英语一轮复习Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars教学案新人教版必修3
Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars
三言
两语
1.Chinasentupitsfirstsatellitecompletelydesignedandbuiltbymiddleschoolstudentsin2017.
2.Aftera21hourtriptospace,theastronautlandedsafely,makingChinathethirdcountrytosendapersonintospaceafterRussiaandtheUSA.
3.Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,itbeganwitha“BigBang”.
1.一些科学家宣称他们找到了外星人在天空存在的证据。
Somescientistsclaimedthattheyhadfoundsomeevidencethataliensexistedinspace.
2.中国成功把第一位宇航员送往天空的消息曾震惊了整个世界。
ThenewsthatChinahadmanagedtosendthefirstastronautintospaceonceshockedthewholeworld.
[单词 拼写应用]
核
心
单
词
1.atmospheren.大气层;气氛
2.exhaustvt.用尽;耗尽;使精疲力尽
3.thusadv.因此;于是
4.gentleadj.温和的;文雅的
5.climaten.气候
6.crashvi.&vt.碰撞;坠落
7.pulln.&vt.拉(力);拖;牵引力
8.floatvi.&vt.(使)浮动;(使)漂浮
n.漂浮物
9.systemn.系统;体系;制度
10.theoryn.学说;理论
[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Atruckwentoutofcontrolandcrashed(crash)intothebackofabus.
2.Hefoundsomethingfloating(float)onthelake,whichfrightenedhim.
3.Afterhisjourneyfromabroad,RichardJonesreturnedhome,exhausted(exhaust).
4.Theoldscientisttoldhisstudentsthatscientifictheories(theory)mustbebasedonfacts.
5.Myuncle'scarcaughtfirebytheroad.Fortunately,hewaspulled(pull)outofthecarbyapasserby.
拓
展
单
词
1.violentadj.猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的→violencen.暴力→violentlyadv.暴力地;猛烈地
2.likevt.喜欢prep.像→unlikeprep.与……不同;不像→dislikevt.不喜欢;讨厌
3.harmn.&vt.伤害→harmfuladj.有害的→harmlessadj.无害的
4.existvi.存在;生存→existencen.存在;生存
5.puzzlen.谜;难题vt.&vi.(使)迷惑;(使)为难→puzzledadj.感到困惑的→puzzlingadj.令人困惑的
6.religionn.宗教;宗教信仰→religiousadj.宗教上的;信奉宗教的;虔诚的
7.reactv.反应→reactionn.反应;回应
[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Therewasapuzzledlookonthelittlegirl'sfacebecauseapuzzlingproblempuzzledher.(puzzle)
2.Lastnightwehadadiscussion,whichwastobecomemoreandmoreviolent.Finallywereachedanagreementthatwewillneveruseviolencewhateverhappens.(violent)
3.Playingcomputergameswillnotonlydoharmtoyourphysicalhealth,butitisalsoharmfultoyourmentalhealth.Sothereisnoharminadvisingyoutogiveitup.(harm)
4.Heoftensaysthathedoesn'tbelieveinanyreligionbutmeanwhileherespectsothers'religiousfreedom.(religion)
5.Doyoubelievetheexistenceofghosts?
Perhapstheyonlyexistinthemindsofsomepeople.(exist)
阅
读
单
词
1.fundamentaladj.基本的;基础的
2.chainn.链子;连锁;锁链
3.dissolvevt.&vi.溶解;解散
4.multiplyvi.&vt.乘;增加
5.gravityn.万有引力;重力
6.extinctadj.灭绝的;绝种的
7.solaradj.太阳的;日光的
8.satelliten.卫星;人造卫星
9.spaceshipn.宇宙飞船
10.mammaln.哺乳动物
11.lessenvi.&vt.减少;减轻
12.weightlesslyadv.失重地
(2017·浙江卷)Macheardalargevehiclebehindhim.Hepulledinfrontofitasthewolfwascatchingupfast,justadozenyardsawaynow.停车
[短语 多维应用]
高
频
短
语
1.intime及时;终于
2.prevent...from阻止;制止
3.nowthat既然
4.cheerup感到高兴;感到振奋
5.layeggs下蛋
6.givebirthto产生;分娩
[语境运用] (填入一个适当的词)
Now①thatweallunderstandthatthehazeisharmfultoourhealth,weshouldtakeeffectivemeasurestopreventit②fromgettingfrombadtoworse.Nomatterwhathappens,wemustcheer③upandtrytoreducethepollution.Ifwekeepon,we'llsucceed④intime.
7.inone'sturn轮到某人
8.watchoutfor密切注意;当心;提防
9.dependon依靠;取决于
10.breakout突发;爆发
11.blockout挡住(光线)
12.getthehangof熟悉;掌握;理解
13.atmidnight在午夜
[语境运用] (填入一个适当的词)
Afirebroke⑤outinthebuildinglastnight.Luckily,thefirefightersarrivedintimeandputoutthefire.Wewerewarnedtowatchout⑥forelectricityandgaswhencookingourmeals.Thankstothefirefighters'help,wewerenotinjured.Theyarethementhatwecandepend⑦onwhenweareintrouble.
[句式 结构仿写]
教材原句背诵
句式仿写应用
1.make+it+adj.+forsb.+todo
Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)我认为我们参加晚宴时带点小礼物是个好主意。
Ithinkitagoodideatobringasmallgiftwhenweattendadinnerparty.
2.倍数表达法
ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.
我付出的时间和精力是以前的三倍多,所以我相信我这次能成功。
IdevotedthreetimesasmuchtimeandenergyasIdidbefore,soIbelieveIwillsucceedthistime.
3.nowthat引导原因状语从句
...walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)既然你对我校这么感兴趣,为什么不来看看呢?
Nowthatyouaresointerestedinourschool,whynotcomehereandhavealook?
1.harmfuladj.有害的
(1)beharmfulto对……有害
harmlessadj.无害的
(2)cause/doharmto...对……造成伤害/有害
(3)thereisnoharmindoingsth.做某事没有害处
theharmfuleffectsoftobacco烟草的害处
beharmfultochildren'steeth对儿童的牙齿有害
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(广东卷)Someplantsandanimalscontainnaturalpoisonsthatareharmfultopeople.
②(2019·浙江卷)However,nopraisefromparentsalsodoesharmtotheirselfconfidence.
③Hemaynotbeabletohelpbutthere'snoharminasking(ask)him.
[链接写作]——一句多译
有些男生对玩电脑游戏简直到了痴迷的程度,这对他们的健康非常有害。
①Someboysaretoocrazyaboutplayinggamesonthecomputer,whichisveryharmfultotheirhealth.(harmful)
②Someboysaretoocrazyaboutplayinggamesonthecomputer,whichdoesgreatharmtotheirhealth.(harm)
2.existvi.存在,生存
(1)existin在于……
existon=liveon靠……生存
Thereexist(s)...有……
(2)existencen.存在;实有;生活;生活方式
comeintoexistence出现;产生
(3)existingadj.现存的;现行的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Youcan'timaginewhatdifficultytheyhaveexistingonthelittlemoneyhe'searning.
②(2019·北京卷)Alotofbusinessisstilldoneoverthephone,andmuchofitisbasedontrustandexisting(exist)relationships.
③(2019·江苏卷)Soscientistsaretryingtheirbesttosavethespeciesfromgoingoutofexistence(exist).
[链接写作]——词汇升级
(普通表达)Scientistshavemanytheoriesabouthowtheuniversestartedtoexist.
(高级表达)Scientistshavemanytheoriesabouthowtheuniversecameintoexistence/cameintobeing.
[名师点津] exist是不及物动词,不能用于被动语态和进行时。
3.puzzlen.谜;难题vt.&vi.(使)迷惑;(使)为难
(1)puzzleabout/oversth.苦苦思索;仔细琢磨
apuzzletosb.一件让某人感到困惑的事情
(2)puzzledadj.感到困惑的
bepuzzledabout对……迷惑不解
(3)puzzlingadj.令人困惑的
(4)puzzlementn.困惑
apuzzledlook迷惑的神色
apuzzlingquestion令人疑惑的问题
awordpuzzle字谜
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(四川卷)Peoplehavelongpuzzledabout/overhowtheEgyptiansmovedsuchlargerocks.
②a.Whenthelittlegirlwasaskedsuchapuzzling(puzzle)question,shestoodtherewithasurprisedlookonherface.
b.Thismorning,whenIwaswalkingonthestreet,Isawthattwotravelerswerereadingamap,lookingpuzzled(puzzle).
③Muchtothepuzzlement(puzzle)ofhismother,helefthomewithoutsayingaword.
[链接写作]——完成句子
①Whatpuzzlesmemost(最让我困惑的)iswhyhemanagestogetawayeachtimehedoessomethingwrong.
②Thecauseoffirewasapuzzletothefiremen(让消防队员困惑的事情).
4.intime及时;终于
ontime准时
innotime立刻,赶快,马上
atatime每次,一次
atonetime曾经;一度
attimes有时
atnotime在任何时候都不,从来没有
atthesametime同时;尽管如此
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Istillcan'tbelievewhatacoincidenceitwas.I'mjustsogladIwasthereintimetohelp(help)myson.
②a.(浙江卷)Itisimportanttopayyourelectricitybillontime,aslatepaymentsmayaffectyourcredit.
b.(陕西卷)Themanagerwantstoseechangesinthecompany,andIamsurehewillintime.
c.(辽宁卷)Atnotimedidtheyactuallybreaktherulesofthegame.Itwasunfairtopunishthem.
③(浙江卷)Eachstudentisallowedtoborrowtwobooksatatimefromtheschoollibrary.
[链接写作]——完成句子
①(全国卷Ⅲ)曾经我甚至感到我父母不理解我,我希望我能自由。
Atonetime,Ievenfeltmyparentscouldn'tunderstandmesoIhopedIcouldbefreefromthem.
②(山东卷)常言道,“有志者事竟成”,我们的努力迟早会有所回报。
Asaproverbgoes,“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”Oureffortswillpayoffintime.
5.inone'sturn轮到某人
(1)taketurnsdoing/todosth.轮流做某事
It'sone'sturn(todosth.)轮到某人(做某事)了
(2)byturns轮流着
inturn反过来;依次
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Atthemeetingtheytookturnstoput/putting(put)forwardanumberofsuggestionsaimingtopromotethereformofeducationsystem.
②It'smyturntopick(pick)upthekidsafterschoolthisweek.
③Itisourresponsibilitytotakecareofoursickmotherbyturns.
[链接写作]——完成句子/句式升级
(湖北卷改编)人们使用自己的小汽车避免公共交通延误,反过来,这将造成更多的问题。
(普通表达)Peopletrytoavoidpublictransportationdelaysbyusingtheirowncars,andthisinturncreatesmoreproblems.
(高级表达)Peopletrytoavoidpublictransportationdelaysbyusingtheirowncars,whichinturncreatesmoreproblems.(非限制性定语从句)
6.cheerup感到高兴;感到振奋
(1)cheersb.on以喝彩声鼓励某人;为某人加油
(2)cheeringadj.能鼓舞人的;使人振作/高兴的
cheerfuladj.快乐的;高兴的;兴高采烈的
(3)Cheers!
(用于祝酒)干杯!
burstintocheers突然欢呼起来
cheertheirsportsteams为她们的运动队加油
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(天津卷)—I'mthinkingofthetesttomorrow.I'mafraidIcan'tpassthistime.
—Cheerup!
I'msureyouwillmakeit.
②Thecheeringnewsmadethesadboycheerful,whichmadehisparentsveryexcited.(cheer)
③(天津卷)Cathydidn'texpectanyawardbutwasstilltheretocheeronherfriendsandpraisetheiraccomplishments.
[链接写作]——词汇升级
(普通表达)WhenI'mfeelingsad,mymothertellsmefunnystoriestomakemehappy.
(高级表达)WhenI'mfeelingdepressed,mymothertellsmefunnystoriestocheermeup.
7.[教材佳句]Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.这就产生了一系列的反应,使得生命就有可能开始发展了。
[句法句式]句中为“makeit+adj.+forsb.todosth.”句型,其中it作形式宾语,真正的宾语为forlifetodevelop。
(1)make+it+形容词/名词+that从句
make+it+形容词/名词+todo不定式
make+it+nogood/nouse/novalue...+doingsth.
(2)常用于这种句型的动词:
make,think,consider,find,feel等。
[金句推送] (北京卷)Tomakeiteasiertogetintouchwithus,you'dbetterkeepthiscardathand.为了更便于联系我们,你最好将这张卡片放在身边。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(山东卷)Susanmadeitcleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.
②(福建卷)Itwastheculture,ratherthanthelanguage,thatmadeithardforhimtoadapt(adapt)tothenewenvironmentabroad.
③Iconsideritnousequarrelling(quarrel)withhimaboutitbecauseheis
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