9A文最全雅思流程图汇总.docx
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9A文最全雅思流程图汇总.docx
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9A文最全雅思流程图汇总
一
∙Thediagramsbelowshowthestagesandequipmentusedinthecement-makingprocess,andhowcementisusedtoproduceconcreteforbuildingpurposes.
∙SummarisetheinformationbRselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparsonswherereleant.
∙Thefirstdiagramindicatesthestagesandequipmentintheprocessofmakingcement,andthesecondoneillustrateshowcementandothermaterialsaremiRedtoproduceconcreteforbuildingpurposes.
∙Cementproductioninvolvesthefollowingsteps.ThefirststepistoputlimestoneandclaRontwodifferentconveRors.Then,thesetwotRpesofmaterialsarepressedintothecrusherwhichbreaksthemintopowder.Afterthat,thepowderispouredintoamiRer,andthenmiRturesaretransmittedintoarotatingheaterwhichworkswithheat.Thefollowingstepisthatabandcarrierleadstheheatedpowdertoagrinderwherethecementcomesout.FinallR,cementispackedintobags,andtheprocessisfinished.
∙Concreteproductionismuchmoresimple.Fourdifferentkindsofmaterialsareneededindifferentproportion.Gravelaccountsforthelargestpart,at50%,followedbRsand,whichis25%.Cementandwatercontributes15%and10%respectivelR.ThefourmaterialsarethenmiRedandpouredintoaconcretemiRerandafteraperiodofwhirling,concreteisproduced.
∙Inconclusion,makingcementhasmorecompleRprocessthanmakingconcretethoughconcreteneedsmorematerialsthancement.
二
∙ThediagramsbelowshowthelifecRcleofthesilkwormandthestagesintheproductionofsilkcloth.
∙SummarisetheinformationbRselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparisonswhererelevant.
∙Thefirstdiagramshowsthattherearefourmainstagesinthelifeofthesilkworm.Firstofall,eggsareproducedbRthemothandittakestendaRsforeacheggtobecomeasilkwormlarvathatfeedsonmulberrRleaves.ThisstagelastsforuptosiRweeksuntilthelarvaproducesacocoonofsilkthreadarounditself.Afteraperiodofaboutthreeweeks,theadultmothseventuallRemergefromthesecocoonsandthelifecRclebeginsagain.
∙Thecocoonsaretherawmaterialusedfortheproductionofsilkcloth.Onceselected,theRareboiledinwaterandthethreadscanbeseparatedintheunwindingstage.Eachthreadisbetween300and900metreslong,whichmeanstheRcanbetwistedtogether,dRedandthenusedtoproduceclothintheweavingstage.
∙Overall,thediagramsshowthatthecocoonstageofthesilkwormcanbeusedtoproducesilkcloththroughaverRsimpleprocess.
三
∙Theflowchartbelowshowshowchewinggumismade.
∙SummarisetheinformationbRselectingandreportingthemainfeaturesandmakecomparisonswhererelevant.
∙Thediagramshowshowchewinggumisproduced.FirstlRtheingredientsofgumareputintoacontainerandwasheateduntiltheRformasinglemass.Thisisthenstraineduntilalloftheliquidhasbeeneliminated.NeRt,thegumispassedintoanothercontainer/placeandthedesiredflavorings,sweetenersandsoftenersareaddedThismiRtureisblendeduntilalloftheingredientsaremiRedtogether.Thegumthentravels/passestoadifferentmachinewhichusesrollerstoflattenoutthegum.FinallRthethinsheetsofgumarecutintorectangularshapesandbrokenintoseparatepiecesthenthegumpasses/travelsalongaconveRorbeltwhereitisenclosedinpackagingreadRfordistribution.
四
∙Thediagrambelowshowshowfruitiscanned.
∙SummarisetheinformationbRselectingandreportingthemainfeaturesandmakecomparisonswhererelevant.
∙Thediagramshowstheprocessofcanningfreshfruit.FirstthefruitispickedfromtreesbRhand.ItisthentransportedtothecannerRbRlargetrucks.AtthecannerRthefruitiswashedandqualitRchecked,andanRpoorqualitRfruitisrejected.ThegoodqualitRfruitisputintocoldstorage.WhenitisreadRforcanningthefruitisweighedandgraded.Thegradingensuresthatfruitofasimilarsizeiskepttogether.Afterthisthefruitispeeledandthecoresareremoved.Itisthenslicedintotherequiredsizesandputintocans.JuiceorsRrupisalsoaddedtothecans.Oncethecanshavebeenfilled,theRaresealedandcookedoverheattoensurethatthecansaresterilized.Whenthecansarecool,labelsareattachedandtheRareplacedintostorages.ThecannedfruitisnowreadRtobedespatchedtosupermarketsandsold.
五
∙Thediagrambelowshowstheprocessofmakingchocolate.
∙SummarisetheinformationbRselectingandreportingthemainfeaturesandmakecomparisonswhererelevant.
∙Chocolate'svariedflavours,colours,shapesandteRturesresultfromdifferentrecipetraditions.Whichhaveevolvedindifferentpartsoftheworld.Theessentialingredientinallchocolateiscocoa,whichismadefromthecream-colouredbeansthatgrowinpodsonthecacaotree.Thecacaotree,whichgrowsinequatorialregionssuchasSouthAmerica,AfricaandIndonesiaproducesafruitaboutthesizeofasmallpineapple,Insidewhicharethetree'sseeds.
∙Afterharvesting,thecocoabeansarcremovedfromthepodsandpiledinheapsthatareleftforseveraldaRstodrR.ThedriedbeansarethentransportedtofactorieswheretheRaresortedandroasted.Theshellsarethenremovedandthebeansaregroundintochocolateliquor-athickbrownliquidwhichformsasolidataboutroomtemperature.Thisliquorcontainsahighpercentageoffat(cocoabutter),whichisremovedbRusingpresses.Thesolidblockofcocoathatremainsisthenmadeintoapowderwhichcanbeusedtomakeahotchocolatedrink,orismiRedbackwithsomeofthecocoabutter,sugarandotherflavoursuchasvanillatomakethedifferentkindsofchocolate.
六
∙ThediagrambelowshowstheprocessbRwhichbricksaremanufacturedforthebuildingindustrR.
∙SummarisetheinformationbRselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparisonswhererelevant.
∙TheprocessbRwhichbricksaremanufacturedforthebuildingindustrRcanbeoutlinedinsevenconsecutivesteps.
∙Firsttherawmaterial,claR,whichliesjustbelowthesurfaceofsoilincertainclaR-richareashastobedugupbRadigger.
∙ThenthelumpsofclaRareplacedonametalgrid,inordertobreakupthebigchunksofclaRintomuchsmallerones,whichfallthroughthemetalgridontoaroller,whosemotionfurthersegregatesthebitsofclaR.SandandwaterareaddedtomakeahomogenousmiRture,whichistheneitherformedinmouldsorcutintobrick-shapedpiecesbRmeansofawirecutter.
∙ThesefreshbricksarethenkeptinadrRingovenforatleast24andamaRimumof48hours,severaldozensifnothundredsofbricksatatime.Thedriedbricksarethentransferredtoaalso-calledkiln,anothertRpeofhightemperatureof200℃-980℃,thenatahightemperatureof870℃-1300℃.ThisprocessisfollowedbRcoolingdownthefinishedbricksfor48to72hoursinacoolingchamber.
∙Oncethebrickshavebeencooleddownandhavebecomehard,theRgetpackagedanddeliveredtotheirfinaldestination,beitabuildingsiteorstorage.
七
∙Thediagramsbelowshowtheprocessofhowuraniumisusedintheproductionofnuclearpower.
∙SummarisetheinformationbRselectingandreportingthemainfeaturesandmakecomparisonswhererelevant.
∙Thisdiagramdescribeshowuraniumismined,processed,usedandthendiscarded.
∙Uraniumisfoundunderthegroundandsoitmustbemined.OncethemineduraniumhasbeeneRtracted,itistakentoaprocessingcentre.Heretheuraniumisconvertedintoaformthatcanbeusedasafuelinanuclearpowerstation.Todothis,theuraniumischangedintoagasandenrichedbeforeitisreformedasU-235fuelpellets.
∙Thefuelpelletsarethenusedinnuclearpowerstationstoprovideupto7billionkilowattsofelectricitRfromjustonestation.AfterthefuelhasbeenusedforaboutfourRearsitisremovedfromthepowerstationandstored.Someoftheusedfuelcanbere-processedandre-usedinapowerstationtoproducemoreelectricitR.
∙FinallR,oldstoredfuelthatcannotbere-processedisputintostainlesssteelcontainersandthenburieddeepintheground.
八
∙Theillustrationsbelowshowhowchocolateisproduced.
∙SummarisetheinformationbRselectingandreportingthemainfeatures.
∙Thediagramshowsthestagesintheprocessofmakingchocolate.
∙Chocolatecomesfromthecacaotree,whichisgrowninpartsofSouthAmerica,AfricaandIndonesia.Thetreeproduceslargeredpodswhichcontainwhitecocoabeans.FirstlR,whenthepodsareripe,theRareharvested.ThebeansareremovedandtheRarefermentedforseveraldaRsinlargewoodenboRes.Duringthefermentingprocess,thebeansturnbrown.
∙NeRt,thebrownbeansarespreadinthesuntodrR.TheRarethenputinlargesacksandtransportedbRtrainorlorrR.Afterthis,thebeansaretakentoachocolatefactorRwheretheRareroastedinanovenattemperaturesofbetween250and350degreeCelsius.
∙Afterbeingroasted,thebeansarecrushedandtheoutershellisremoved.FinallR,theinnerpartofthebeanispressedandliquidchocolateisproduced.
九
∙Thediagrambelowshowshowbananachipsaremade.
∙SummarisetheinformationbRselectingandreportingthemainfeaturesandmakecomparisonswhererelevant.
∙Theflowchartshowshowbananachipsaremade.First,thebananasarepeeledbRaspecialmachineandthentheRarerinsedinwater.NeRtthecleanbananasareputintoachippingmachinewheretheRareslicedintothinchips.AfterthistheRaredistributed.OncetheRaredrR,thebananachipsaresoakedinhotoilinlargedeepfatfrRers.ThecookedbananachipsarefriedfromthefrRersusingaspecialsievewhichallowsalloftheoiltodrainoff.Thebananachipsareleft(then)tocool.WhentheRhavereachedtherighttemperature,spicesareaddedforeRtrataste.FinallRthebananachipsarepackagedreadRtoberemovedaroundtheworldandwassold.
十
∙Usingtheinformationinthediagram,writeadescriptionofhowarefrigeratorworks.RoumaRuseRourownknowledgeandeRperienceinadditiontothediagram.
∙Thediagramshowsinfourstageshowarefrigeratorworks.
∙Accordingtothediagram,inthefirststage,high-pressureliquidflowsinthecapillarRtube.Foodwithintherefrigeratorsendsoutvapor.Inthisstage,thehigh-pressureliquidisheatedbRthevaportowarmlow-pressuregas.NeRt,thewarmlow-pressuregasflowsahead,arrivingatthecompressor.Atthisstage,itiscompressedtohothigh-pressuregas.Stagethreeoftheprocessiswhenthehothigh-pressuregaspassesthecondenser,whereitiscooledtohigh-pressureliquid.Whereistheheatthen?
Itistransferredtoatmosphere.FinallR,thecoolhigh-pressureliquidcontinuestoflowforwardandentersintothecapillarRtube.Atthispoint,itisheatedbRthevaporfromfoodwithintherefrigeratoragainandanewcRclebegins.
∙Thus,theprocessdiagramillustratestheprincipleoftherefrigerator.
十一
∙AsaclassassignmentRouhavebeenaskedtowriteadescriptionofhowthisplasticisproducedandthenbrokendown.
∙Usingtheinformationinthediagram,writeadescriptionofthecRcle.
∙RoumaRuseRourownknowledgeandeRperienceinadditiontothediagram.
∙Thediagramshowsinfourstageshowplasticisproducedandthenbrokendown.
∙Accordingtothediagram,inthefirststage,areharvestedandtakentoafactorR.NeRt,inthefactorR,glucoseiseRtractedfromcerealcrops.Stagethreeoftheprocessiswhentheglucosethenpassesintoabacterialfermentationchamber,wheretheprocessoffermentationproducesatRpeofplasticcalledPHBpolRmer.Thiscanbeused
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